| 词条 | PZL SM-2 | |||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The PZL SM-2 was a Polish light utility helicopter, enlarged version of license-built Mil Mi-1, developed and produced by WSK PZL-Świdnik. It was also known as the WSK SM-2. Design and developmentFrom 1956, the Soviet light three-seat or four-seat helicopter Mi-1 was produced under license in the Polish WSK PZL-Świdnik works in Świdnik, under a designation SM-1 – and as much, as 1594 were manufactured. In 1957, works started in WSK PZL-Świdnik to modernize the helicopter and fit it with an enlarged, five-seat cabin. One of the design goals was to make training easier, by placing the two pilots side by side. In air ambulance role, it was easier to treat a patient inside a fuselage, than in side capsules.[1] The helicopter's main designer was Jerzy Tyrcha.[1] The most obvious difference was a larger cabin, extended towards the front, but in fact most fuselage parts were reconstructed. The cabin had two wide side doors, sliding rearwards, being an improvement over the Mi-1, in which its automobile door could not be opened in flight and had to be removed for some purposes.[1] Unchanged were: the engine, transmission and rotor, the fuselage boom and the landing gear (only early machines had different front wheel suspension).[1][5] On contrary to the Mi-1, a headlight was movable.[1] The prototype flew first on 18 November 1959.[7] It appeared successful and a limited production started in 1960. Its take-off characteristics and performance were slightly worse, than of Mi-1/SM-1 – one of the reasons was an unsuitable carburetor intake, but it was improved only on some helicopters.[2] Only 86 helicopters were produced, in four series, differing in details, plus three prototypes[3] (some sources say 91 or 85[4]). They were produced almost exclusively for Poland, while the SM-1 remained main export product of Świdnik at that time. The helicopter was manufactured only in one variant, and could change its role to passenger, transport, air ambulance or flying crane.[1] Basic variant had seats for three passengers on a rear bench and one seat next to a pilot. There were no double controls.[1] In the air ambulance configuration, single stretchers were carried in the fuselage – loaded through a special hatch in a fuselage front, on the right side. A physician could seat behind the pilot, other seats were removed.[1] Additional two injured could be carried in detachable external closed capsules on either side of the fuselage, typical for Mi-1.[1] All variants could carry additional external fuel tank 140 l on the left side, extending range to 500 km (it could not be used with side capsules). The crane variant (sometimes known as SM-2D) was used in limited numbers for search and rescue missions; it had a hydraulic winch that could lift 120 kg, in a place of a right front seat. After removal of all passenger seats, 320 kg of load could be carried.[1] They had a durability of 600 flight hours, like contemporary SM-1 helicopters.[3] Operational historySM-2s were used mainly by Polish military aviation – 80 were delivered, between March 1961 and 1964[5]. They were operated in small numbers by several units of the Polish Air Force and Polish Navy, mostly for liaison, artillery spotting, air ambulance tasks and others.[5] In Polish Navy they were used for search-and-rescue actions.[5] This number included a flight assigned to Internal Security Corps, later Ministry of Internal Affairs (police aviation).[5] Only two ex-military SM-2 (registration numbers SP-SXY and SP-SXZ) and the second prototype were used by civilian air ambulance service.[5]. One helicopter remained in PZL-Świdnik factory (SP-SAP), and the other was acquired by the factory from the air force (SP-SFA).[5] Most SM-2s were withdrawn in late 1970s and replaced with Mil Mi-2. The last one was withdrawn from the air force in 1981, and flew until 1983 (it was preserved in the factory).[23] Only five SM-2 were exported. One was sold to Czechoslovakia, used in 1963–70 by the Ministry of Internal Affairs (registration OK-BYK), then by Slov-Air until 1975 for internal transport (registration changed to OK-RUV).[6] Four SM-2 were sold in 1963 to Romania, used by 1975 in the military aviation (the 94th Helicopter Regiment).[6] Four SM-2s are preserved in museums in Poland: in Polish Aviation Museum in Kraków, in Museum of Polish Arms in Kołobrzeg, Drzonów and Dęblin.[26] Apart from museums there exist SM-2 in a collection in Góraszka and in PZL Świdnik factory.[7] One is preserved at the Helicopter Museum, Weston-super-Mare, in the United Kingdom. Two other SM-2 are preserved in the Czech Republic (Prague Aviation Museum) and Romania (aviation museum in Bucharest) - both are stored (as of 2016).[7] Operators
Specifications{{aircraft specifications||plane or copter?=copter |jet or prop?=prop |ref=Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1965–66[8] |crew=One |capacity=4 passengers |length main=12.08 m |length alt=39 ft 8 in |span main=14.30 m |span alt=46 ft 11 in |height main=3.30 m |height alt=10 ft 10 in |area main=160.6 m² |area alt=1,728 ft² |empty weight main=1,890 kg |empty weight alt=4,166 lb |loaded weight main= |loaded weight alt= |max takeoff weight main=2,511 kg |max takeoff weight alt=5,535 lb |more general= |engine (prop)=Lit-3 (licensed Ivchenko AI-26V) |type of prop=7-cylinder radial engine |number of props=1 |power main=429 kW |power alt=575 hp |max speed main=170 km/h |max speed alt=92 knots, 105 mph |cruise speed main=130 km/h |cruise speed alt=70 knots, 91 mph |range main=320 km |range alt=174 nmi, 200 mi |ferry range main=500 km |ferry range alt=270 nmi, 310 mi |ferry range more=with auxiliary fuel |ceiling main=4,000 m |ceiling alt=13,120 ft |climb rate main=4.5 m/s |climb rate alt=885 ft/min |loading main= |loading alt= |power/mass main= |power/mass alt= |more performance= }} See also{{aircontent||related=
|similar aircraft=
}} References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Budniak, Karol. Historia powstania śmigłowca, "Aeroplan" Nr. 5-6(122-123)/2013, p. 4-7 (in Polish) 2. ^Skowroński (2009), p. 15 3. ^1 2 Budniak, Karol. Produkcja seryjna, "Aeroplan" Nr. 5-6(122-123)/2013, p. 16-21 (in Polish) 4. ^1 Mikołajczuk, pp.94–90 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 Budniak, Karol. Użytkownicy SM-2, "Aeroplan" Nr. 5-6(122-123)/2013, p. 22-25 (in Polish) 6. ^1 2 Budniak, Karol. Użytkownicy SM-2, "Aeroplan" Nr. 5-6(122-123)/2013, p. 26-27 (in Polish) 7. ^1 2 Budniak, Karol. Przetrwały do naszych czasów, "Aeroplan" Nr. 5-6(122-123)/2013, p. 33-35 (in Polish) 8. ^Taylor 1965, pp. 115–116.
External links{{commons category|PZL SM-2}}
7 : Military helicopters|Polish military utility aircraft 1950–1959|Polish civil utility aircraft 1950–1959|PZL aircraft|Polish helicopters 1960–1969|Aircraft first flown in 1959|Single-engined piston helicopters |
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