| 词条 | Magnesium nitrate |
| 释义 |
| Verifiedfields = changed | Watchedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 451631778 | Name = Magnesium nitrate | ImageFile = Magnesium nitrate.png | ImageSize = 150px | ImageName = Magnesium nitrate | ImageFile1 = Dusičnan hořečnatý.JPG | IUPACName = Magnesium nitrate | OtherNames = Nitromagnesite (hexahydrate) |Section1={{Chembox Identifiers | CASNo = 10377-60-3 | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} | CASNo2_Ref = {{cascite|changed|??}} | CASNo2 = 15750-45-5 | CASNo2_Comment = (dihydrate) | CASNo3_Ref = {{cascite|changed|??}} | CASNo3 = 13446-18-9 | CASNo3_Comment = (hexahydrate) | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|changed|FDA}} | UNII = 77CBG3UN78 | PubChem = 25212 | RTECS = OM3750000 (anhydrous) OM3756000 (hexahydrate) | UNNumber = 1474 | EINECS = 233-826-7 | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID = 23415 | SMILES = [N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[Mg+2] | InChI = 1/Mg.2NO3/c;2*2-1(3)4/q+2;2*-1 | InChIKey = YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYAA | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}} | StdInChI = 1S/Mg.2NO3/c;2*2-1(3)4/q+2;2*-1 | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}} | StdInChIKey = YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N | ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}} | ChEBI = 64736 |Section2={{Chembox Properties | Formula = Mg(NO3)2 | MolarMass = 148.32 g/mol (anhydrous) 184.35 g/mol (dihydrate) 256.41 g/mol (hexahydr.) | Appearance = White crystalline solid | Density = 2.3 g/cm3 (anhydrous) 2.0256 g/cm3 (dihydrate) 1.464 g/cm3 (hexahydrate) | Solubility = 125 g/100 mL | SolubleOther = moderately soluble in ethanol, ammonia | MeltingPtC = 129 | MeltingPt_notes = (dihydrate) 88.9 °C (hexahydrate) | BoilingPtC = 330 | BoilingPt_notes = decomposes | RefractIndex = 1.34 (hexahydrate) |Section3={{Chembox Structure | CrystalStruct = cubic |Section4={{Chembox Thermochemistry | DeltaHf = -790.7 kJ/mol | DeltaGf = -589.4 kJ/mol | Entropy = 164 J/mol K | HeatCapacity = 141.9 J/mol K |Section7={{Chembox Hazards | ExternalSDS = External MSDS | MainHazards = Irritant | NFPA-H = 1 | NFPA-F = 0 | NFPA-R = 0 | NFPA-S = OX | FlashPt = Non-flammable | RPhrases = {{R8}}, {{R36}}, {{R37}}, {{R38}} | SPhrases = {{S17}}, {{S26}}, {{S36}} |Section8={{Chembox Related | OtherAnions = Magnesium sulfate Magnesium chloride | OtherCations = Beryllium nitrate Calcium nitrate Strontium nitrate Barium nitrate }} Magnesium nitrate refers to inorganic compounds with the formula Mg(NO3)2(H2O)x, where x = 6, 2, and 0. All are white solids.[1] The anhydrous material is hygroscopic, quickly forming the hexahydrate upon standing in air. All of the salts are very soluble in both water and ethanol. Occurrence, preparation, structureBeing highly water soluble, magnesium nitrate occurs naturally only in mines and caverns as nitromagnesite (hexahydrate form).[1] The magnesium nitrate used in commerce is made by the reaction of nitric acid and various magnesium salts. UseThe principal use is as a dehydrating agent in the preparation of concentrated nitric acid.[3] Its fertilizer grade has 10.5% nitrogen and 9.4% magnesium, so it is listed as 10.5-0-0 + 9.4% Mg. Fertilizer blends containing magnesium nitrate also have ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate and micronutrients in most cases; these blends are used in the greenhouse and hydroponics trade. ReactionsMagnesium nitrate reacts with alkali metal hydroxide to form the corresponding nitrate: Mg(NO3)2 + 2 NaOH → Mg(OH)2 + 2 NaNO3. Since magnesium nitrate has a high affinity for water, heating the hexahydrate does not result in the dehydration of the salt, but rather its decomposition into magnesium oxide, oxygen, and nitrogen oxides: 2 Mg(NO3)2 → 2 MgO + 4 NO2 + O2. The absorption of these nitrogen oxides in water is one possible route to synthesize nitric acid. Although inefficient, this method does not require the use of any strong acid. It is also occasionally used as a desiccant. References1. ^Mindat, http://www.mindat.org/min-2920.html 2. ^{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/0025-5408(95)00122-0|title=Low temperature structure of magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, Mg (N O3)2 . 6(H2 O): a neutron diffraction study at 173 K|authors=Schefer, J.; Grube, M.|journal=Materials Research Bulletin|year=1995|volume=30|pages=1235-1241}} 3. ^1 {{cite encyclopedia|authors=Thiemann, Michael; Scheibler, Erich and Wiegand, Karl Wilhelm|year=2005|title=Nitric Acid, Nitrous Acid, and Nitrogen Oxides|encyclopedia=Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry|publisher=Wiley-VCH|place=Weinheim|doi=10.1002/14356007.a17_293}}
3 : Magnesium compounds|Nitrates|Oxidizing agents |
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