| 词条 | Qargha Reservoir |
| 释义 |
| name = Qargha Reservoir Band-e Qarghah Lake Qargha | native_name = بند قرغه | image = Lake Qargha.jpg | caption = | image_bathymetry = | alt_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | location = | coords = {{coord|34.55294|69.03442|type:waterbody_region:AF|display=inline,title}} | type = Reservoir | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = Afghanistan | length = {{convert|450|m|abbr=on}} | width = | area = {{convert|5000|ha|abbr=on}} | depth = {{convert|30|m|abbr=on}} | max-depth = | volume = | residence_time = | shore = | elevation = {{convert|1973|m|abbr=on}} | frozen = | islands = | cities = | reference = }} Qargha ({{lang-prs|بند قرغه}}) is a dam and reservoir in Afghanistan near Kabul.[1] The reservoir and its peripheral areas provide for recreation facilities such as boating, surfing, golfing, etc. and has a hotel on its bank. There is a fishery development in the reservoir supported by a hatchery on its banks. Irrigation and hydropower developments have also been planned from the stored waters of the reservoir. LocationThe dam is about {{Convert|15| km}} west of Kabul and is built on the Paghman River.[2] FeaturesThe dam was built in 1933. It has a height of {{Convert|30|m}}. The dam length is {{Convert|450|m}} and top width is {{Convert|8| m}}. A sluice gate of the dam which was damaged has since been restored.{{Sfn|Service|1990|p=A-54}} The reservoir water spread area behind the dam is {{Convert|5000|ha}}.[2] The reservoir was developed for the purpose of recreation in the 1950s when Daud was the President of the country. It is now a popular picnic location, particularly on Friday's when it is visited by a large number of picnickers.{{Sfn|Clammer|2007|p=106}} During the Seventh Fiver Plan of the country, the stored water from the dam was planned for supplementing drinking water to Kabul city.{{Sfn|Plān|1976|p=240}} An irrigation canal is proposed to be built from the dam, and survey for the same has been completed from the dam up to Badambagh.{{Sfn|Iḥṣāʼīyah|1970|p=49}} This canal is proposed for providing irrigation and expand horticulture.[4] The reservoir has been developed for trout fishing with a hatchery set up close to the reservoir.[2] As part of recreation, apart from the lake side upscale Spojhmai hotel,{{Sfn|Razmi|2015|p=206}} there is a 9-hole golf course at the extreme periphery of the reservoir.{{Sfn|Clammer|2007|p=109}}[3] A new hydrological station has been set up since 2008 at the location of the reservoir for planning of water resources development as part of the network of 174 hydrological stations and 60 snow gauges and meteorological stations proposed in the country. This project is funded by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).[4] As part of future planning for alternate sources of energy, utilization of the stored waters of the reservoir and the drop available in the dam has been studied. There was a terrorist attack by the Taliban at the hotel on the edge of the reservoir on 22 June 2012, as it was suspected that it was one of the main centres of prostitution and partying in Kabul. Twenty people including security personnel and the terrorists were killed in the encounter.[5] Fish hatcheryThe reservoir feeds a fish hatchery and stocks the rainbow trout fingerlings. The hatchery was set up in 1967 close to the dam and draws water from this reservoir. The hatchery was established in the 1970s when 30,000 trout fingerlings were produced and then stocked in the Qargha Reservoir and in many other rivers such as Panjsher, Bamian, Salang and Sarde. The objective of stocking in the reservoir was meant as a recreational fishing activity under licensed sport fishing. Under UNDP/FAO assistance the hatchery was rehabilitated in 1987, and during 1988-89 egg incubators were repaired and set up with new egg trays to restart production. Eggs were imported from Denmark in 1988. These were stocked in the floating cages moored in the reservoir so that fishes grew into marketable size. Concrete raceways adjoining the farm were also repaired and put to use. In 1989, the fish farm was capable of producing 10 tons of rainbow trout. However, subsequently production was affected due to terrorist activity.[2] Planning for Hydropower developmentUS Army Corps of Engineers in their studies for "Potential Renewable Energy Technologies in Northwest Kabul", have examined utilization of the storage of Quarga reservoir and the head created by the dam. Two alternatives have been studied. In the first alternative the head available at the dam location of about {{Convert|25| m}} below the dam could generate power of 26 KW with regulated releases from the dam giving an annual energy generation of 227,760 kWh. In the second alternative a head of {{Convert|100| m}} could be created over a distance of {{Convert|2000| m}} from the dam which could be utilized for power generation of 103 KW with energy generation of 902,280 kWh, drawing water from the reservoir through a penstock pipe line.[6] See also
References1. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.geonames.org/1129558/band-e%20qarghah.html|title=GeoNames.org|website=www.geonames.org|language=en|access-date=2018-04-06}} 2. ^1 2 3 {{Cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x2614e/x2614e08.htm|title=Coldwater Fish And Fisheries In Afghanistan|accessdate=13 November 2015|publisher=FAO Organization}} 3. ^1 {{Cite web|last= Barekzai |first=Fawad |url=http://www.pnewsp.com/story/143.|title=Qargha Dam a recreation area in Kabul|accessdate=13 November 2015|publisher=Prime News}} 4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/new-hydrological-station-qargha-dam-help-manage-afghanistans-water-resources|title= New hydrological station at Qargha Dam to help manage Afghanistan's water resources|date=25 March 2008 |accessdate=13 November 2015|publisher= ReliefWeb}} 5. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/23/world/asia/26-die-as-afghan-forces-fight-taliban-at-hotel.html?_r=0|title=Witnesses Describe Brazen Attack on Resort Hotel Near Kabul|date=22 June 2012|accessdate= 13 November 2015|publisher=New York Times}} 6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA544301.|title=Feasibility of Renewable Energy Technology at the Afghanistan National Security University|date=April 2011|accessdate=13 November 2015|publisher=US Army Corps of Engineers}} Bibliography
External links
6 : Dams in Afghanistan|Reservoirs in Afghanistan|Buildings and structures in Kabul Province|Landforms of Kabul Province|Dams completed in 1933|1933 establishments in Afghanistan |
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