| 词条 | Magnus, Duke of Holstein |
| 释义 |
For the king of Denmark and Norway, see Magnus the Good.{{Infobox royalty | name = Magnus of Denmark | title = | image = Hertsog Magnuse pitsat.jpg | succession = Bishop of Ösel-Wiek | reign = 1560–1572 | succession1 = Bishop of Courland | reign1 = 1560–1583 | succession2 = King of Livonia (nominal) | reign2 = 1570–1578 | spouse = Maria Vladimirovna of Staritsa | issue = Marie of Oldenburg Eudoxia of Oldenburg | house = House of Oldenburg | father = King Christian III of Denmark | mother = Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg | birth_date = 5 September 1540 | birth_place = Copenhagen Castle, Denmark | death_date = {{Death date and age|1583|3|28|1540|9|5|df=y}} | death_place = Pilten, Latvia | burial_place= Pilten (1583) Roskilde Cathedral (1662) | religion = Lutheranism }}Magnus of Denmark or Magnus of Holstein ({{OldStyleDate|5 September|1540|26 August}} – {{OldStyleDate|28 March|1583|18 March}}) was a Prince of Denmark,[1] Duke of Holstein, and a member of the House of Oldenburg. As a vassal of Tsar Ivan IV of Russia, he was the titular King of Livonia from 1570 to 1578.[2] Early lifeDuke Magnus was born at the Copenhagen Castle in 1540 as the second son of King Christian III of Denmark and Norway and Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg. At the age of 17 he was sent to Germany to be educated at various German courts. Following the death of his father in 1559, he returned to Denmark for the coronation of his older brother, King Frederick II of Denmark. The same year, the prince-bishop of Ösel-Wiek and Courland Johannes V von Münchhausen in Old Livonia sold his lands to King Frederick II for 30,000 thalers. To avoid hereditary partition of his lands, King Frederick II gave that territory to his younger brother Magnus on condition that he renounced his rights to succession in the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein. In 1560, Magnus landed with an army on Saaremaa where he was immediately elected bishop by the cathedral chapter.[3] King of Livonia{{See also|Livonian War}}During the Livonian War, on 10 June 1570, Duke Magnus arrived in Moscow, where he was crowned King of Livonia by Ivan IV. Magnus took the oath of allegiance to Ivan as his overlord and received from the corresponding charter for the vassal kingdom of Livonia in what Ivan termed his patrimony. The treaty between Magnus and Ivan IV was signed by an oprichnik and by a member of the zemskii administration, the dyak Vasily Shchelkalov. The territories of the new kingdom still had to be conquered, but even so Põltsamaa Castle was proclaimed the future official residence of the king.[4] The newly crowned king Magnus of Livonia left Moscow with 20,000 Russian soldiers with the intention of conquering Swedish-controlled Reval. Ivan's hope of the support of Frederick II of Denmark, the older brother of Magnus, failed. By the end of March 1571, Magnus gave up the struggle for Reval and abandoned the siege.[1][5] In 1577, having lost Ivan's favor and receiving no support from his brother, Magnus called on the Livonian nobility to rally to him in a struggle against foreign occupation. He was attacked by Ivan's forces and taken prisoner. On his release, he renounced his royal title. Magnus gave the rights to the throne to the genus of Stefan Batory.[6] Magnus spent the last six years of his life at the castle of Pilten in the Bishopric of Courland, where he died as a pensioner of the Polish crown.[7] In 1662, Magnus' body was returned to Denmark and was reburied in the Roskilde Cathedral.[8] Spouse and issueOn 12 April 1574, he married Maria Vladimirovna of Staritsa, daughter of Vladimir of Staritsa, Duke of Staritsa. His issue included:
Ancestry{{ahnentafel|collapsed=yes |align=center |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |1= 1. Magnus of Denmark, King of Livonia |2= 2. Christian III of Denmark |3= 3. Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg |4= 4. Frederick I of Denmark |5= 5. Anna of Brandenburg |6= 6. Magnus I, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg |7= 7. Catherine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel |8= 8. Christian I of Denmark |9= 9. Dorothea of Brandenburg |10= 10. John Cicero, Elector of Brandenburg |11= 11. Margaret of Thuringia |12= 12. John V, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg |13= 13. Dorothea of Brandenburg |14= 14. Henry IV, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg |15= 15. Catherine of Pomerania-Wolgast |16= 16. Theodoric, Count of Oldenburg |17= 17. Helvig of Schauenburg |18= 18. John, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach |19= 19. Barbara of Saxe-Wittenberg |20= 20. Albrecht III, Elector of Brandenburg |21= 21. Margaret of Baden |22= 22. William III, Duke of Luxembourg |23= 23. Anne, Duchess of Luxembourg |24= 24. Bernhard II, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg |25= 25. Adelheid of Pomerania |26= 26. Frederick II, Elector of Brandenburg |27= 27. Catherine of Saxony |28= 28. William IV, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg |29= 29. Elisabeth of Stolberg-Wernigerode |30= 30. Eric II, Duke of Pomerania |31= 31. Sophia of Pomerania-Stargard }} See also
References1. ^1 {{cite book |title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges |last=Jaques |first=Tony |authorlink= |year=2007 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |location= |isbn=0-313-33536-2 |page=849 |pages= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sbMFCZyAcnQC&pg=PA849&dq }} 2. ^{{cite book |title=A Pictorial History of England |last=Goodrich |first=S. C. |authorlink= |year=2008 |publisher=BiblioBazaar, LLC |location= |isbn=0-554-73173-8 |page=150 |pages= |chapter=Early Russian History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lx5rRFlTMFIC&pg=PA150&dq |accessdate= }} 3. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=lVBB1a0rC70C&dq Eastern Europe: An Introduction to the People, Lands, and Culture], By Richard C. Frucht; {{ISBN|1-57607-800-0}}; p.70 4. ^{{cite book | last = Viirand| first = Tiiu| authorlink = | title = Estonia. Cultural Tourism | publisher = Kunst Publishers | series = | volume = | edition = | year = 2004 | location = | pages = 82–84 | url = | doi = | id = | isbn = 9949-407-18-4 | mr = | zbl = | jfm = }} 5. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=xdFVn1v3FMUC&dq Ivan the Terrible By Isabel De Madariaga] {{ISBN|0-300-11973-9}} 6. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=wPXEp45wAeQC&dq War and Peace in the Baltic, 1560–1790 By Stewart Philip Oakley] {{ISBN|0-415-02472-2}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PTJgzidcXNkC&dq|title=Frederik II and the Protestant Cause: Denmark's Role in the Wars of Religion, 1559-1596|first=Paul Douglas|last=Lockhart|date=1 January 2004|publisher=BRILL|via=Google Books}} 8. ^{{cite book |title=Genealogisk-historiske tabeller over de nordiske rigers kongeslægter |last=Kønigsfeldt |first=Johannes Peter Frederik |authorlink= |author2=Danske historiske forening |year=1856 |publisher=B. Lunos bogtrykkeri |location= |isbn= |page=52 |language=Danish |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VxRGOfXfHmgC&pg=PA52&dq }} External links{{commons category}}
before= Christian III of Denmark| title= Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, Stormarn, Dithmarschen, Lauenburg & Oldenburg| years= 1559| after= Frederick II of Denmark }}{{Succession box| before= Johann V von Münchhausen| title= Bishop of Ösel-Wiek| years= 1560–1572| after= Denmark }}{{Succession box| before= Johann IV von Münchhausen| title= Bishop of Courland| years= 1560–1583| after= Denmark–Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth }}{{Succession box| before= Commonwealth of Both Nations| title= nominated King of Livonia by Ivan IV| years= 1570–1578| after= Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth }}{{S-end}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Magnus Of Holstein}} 15 : 1540 births|1583 deaths|Danish Lutheran bishops|People from Courland|People from Livonia|Danish princes|Danish royalty|Estonian nobility|Livonian nobility|Norwegian princes|Prince-Bishops in Livonia|Polish people of the Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory|History of Tallinn|People from Põltsamaa|People of the Livonian War |
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