- See also
- References
In chemistry, a quaternary compound is or has a cation consisting of a central positively charged atom with four substituents, especially organic (alkyl and aryl) groups, discounting hydrogen atoms.[1]
The best-known quaternary compounds are quaternary ammonium salts, having a nitrogen atom at the centre.[2] For example, in the following reaction, the nitrogen atom is said to be quaternized as it has gone from 3 to 4 substituents:
Other examples include substituted phosphonium salts (R4P+), substituted arsonium salts (R4As+) like arsenobetaine, as well as some arsenic-containing superconductors.[3] Substituted stibonium (R4Sb+)[4] and bismuthonium salts (R4Bi+) have also been described.[5]
See also
- Binary compound
- Ternary compound
- Onium ion
- Quaternary phase
References
1. ^{{GoldBookRef|title=Onium compounds|file=O04291}}
2. ^{{GoldBookRef |file= Q05003 |title= Quaternary ammonium compounds}}
3. ^{{cite journal |last1= Ren |first1= Z. A. |last2= Yang |first2= J. |last3= Lu |first3= W. |last4= Yi |first4= W. |last5= Shen |first5= X. L. |last6= Li |first6= Z. C. |last7= Che |first7= G. C. |last8= Dong |first8= X. L. |last9= Sun |first9= L. L. |last10= Zhou |doi= 10.1209/0295-5075/82/57002 |first10= F. |last11= Zhao |first11= Z. X. |title= Superconductivity in the iron-based F-doped layered quaternary compound Nd[O1 − x Fx]FeAs |journal= EPL |volume= 82 |issue= 5 |pages= 57002 |year= 2008 |pmid= |pmc= |bibcode= 2008EL.....8257002R |arxiv= 0803.4234}}
4. ^{{cite journal |last1= Widler |first1= H. -J. |last2= Schwarz |first2= W. |last3= Hausen |first3= H. -D. |last4= Weidlein |first4= J. |title= Tetramethyl-Arsonium- und -Stibonium-Methylchlorometallate des Galliums und Indiums |doi= 10.1002/zaac.19774350124 |journal= Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie |volume= 435 |pages= 179 |year= 1977 |pmid= |pmc=}}
5. ^{{cite book|title=Chemistry of arsenic, antimony, and bismuth|author=Nicholas C. Norman|publisher=Springer Netherlands|year=1997|page=316|isbn=0-7514-0389-X|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vVhpurkfeN4C&pg=PA316&lpg=PA316&dq=tetramethyl+bismuthonium&source=bl&ots=sHfnfzzxWm&sig=e5_UI0j8Ff_W0UDelpUp1zIWsKc&hl=de&ei=FQS3Tp_1DYul-gbqoZWFBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CB4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=tetramethyl%20bismuthonium&f=false}}
2. ^{{GoldBookRef |file= Q05003 |title= Quaternary ammonium compounds}}
3. ^{{cite journal |last1= Ren |first1= Z. A. |last2= Yang |first2= J. |last3= Lu |first3= W. |last4= Yi |first4= W. |last5= Shen |first5= X. L. |last6= Li |first6= Z. C. |last7= Che |first7= G. C. |last8= Dong |first8= X. L. |last9= Sun |first9= L. L. |last10= Zhou |doi= 10.1209/0295-5075/82/57002 |first10= F. |last11= Zhao |first11= Z. X. |title= Superconductivity in the iron-based F-doped layered quaternary compound Nd[O1 − x Fx]FeAs |journal= EPL |volume= 82 |issue= 5 |pages= 57002 |year= 2008 |pmid= |pmc= |bibcode= 2008EL.....8257002R |arxiv= 0803.4234}}
4. ^{{cite journal |last1= Widler |first1= H. -J. |last2= Schwarz |first2= W. |last3= Hausen |first3= H. -D. |last4= Weidlein |first4= J. |title= Tetramethyl-Arsonium- und -Stibonium-Methylchlorometallate des Galliums und Indiums |doi= 10.1002/zaac.19774350124 |journal= Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie |volume= 435 |pages= 179 |year= 1977 |pmid= |pmc=}}
5. ^{{cite book|title=Chemistry of arsenic, antimony, and bismuth|author=Nicholas C. Norman|publisher=Springer Netherlands|year=1997|page=316|isbn=0-7514-0389-X|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vVhpurkfeN4C&pg=PA316&lpg=PA316&dq=tetramethyl+bismuthonium&source=bl&ots=sHfnfzzxWm&sig=e5_UI0j8Ff_W0UDelpUp1zIWsKc&hl=de&ei=FQS3Tp_1DYul-gbqoZWFBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CB4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=tetramethyl%20bismuthonium&f=false}}
1 : Quaternary compounds
- Gilbert Marquis Lafayette Johnson
- Gilbert Marshal
- Gilbert Martineau
- Gilbert Mathon
- Gilbert Maxwell
- Gilbert McKay
- Gilbert McKenna
- Gilbert Melki
- Gilbert Meranville
- Gilbert M. Grosvenor
- Gilbert M'Gy
- Gilbert Millington
- Gilbert ML Johnson
- Gilbert M L Johnson
- Gilbert M.L. Johnson
- Gilbert model
- Gilbert Moorer
- Gilbert Morand
- Gilbert Morgan Smith Medal
- Gilbert Motier de La Fayette
- Gilbert Motier, marquis de La Fayette
- Gilbert M. Sorrel
- Gilbert Murray Kynynmound, 2nd Earl of Minto
- Gilbert Méranville
- Gilbert Ndjama