| 词条 | Magpie |
| 释义 |
| name = Magpie | image = magpie arp.jpg | image_width = 250px | image_caption = Eurasian magpie | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Chordata | classis = Aves | ordo = Passeriformes | familia = Corvidae | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision =
}} Magpies are birds of the Corvidae (crow) family. The black and white Eurasian magpie is widely considered one of the most intelligent animals in the world[1][2][3] and one of only a few non-mammal species able to recognize itself in a mirror test.[4] In addition to other members of the genus Pica, corvids considered as magpies are in the genera Cissa. Magpies of the genus Pica are generally found in temperate regions of Europe, Asia and western North America, with populations also present in Tibet and high elevation areas of India, i.e. Ladakh (Kargil and Leh) and Pakistan. Magpies of the genus Cyanopica are found in East Asia and also the Iberian peninsula. The birds called magpies in Australia are not related to the magpies in the rest of the world (see Australian magpie). Systematics and speciesAccording to some studies, magpies do not form the monophyletic group they are traditionally believed to be—a long tail has certainly elongated (or shortened) independently in multiple lineages of corvid birds.[5] Among the traditional magpies, there appear to be two distinct lineages. One consists of Holarctic species with black/white colouration and is probably closely related to crows and Eurasian jays. The other contains several species from South to East Asia with vivid colouration which is predominantly green or blue. The azure-winged magpie and the Iberian magpie, formerly thought to constitute a single species with a most peculiar distribution, have been shown to be two distinct species and classified as the genus Cyanopica.[6] Other research has cast doubt on the taxonomy of the Pica magpies, since it appears that P. hudsonia and P. nuttalli may not be different species, whereas the Korean race of P. pica is genetically very distinct from the other Eurasian (as well as the North American) forms. Either the North American, Korean, and remaining Eurasian forms are accepted as three or four separate species, or there exists only a single species, Pica pica.[7] Holarctic (black-and-white) magpies
Other "magpies"
In Asian cultureIn East Asian culture, magpie is a very popular kind of bird. It is a symbol of good luck and good fortune. Magpie is also a common subject in Chinese painting. It is also often found in traditional Chinese poetry and couplets. In addition, in the folklore of China, all the magpies of the Qixi Festival every year will fly to the Tianhe River, set up a bridge, and the separation of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl will meet, so in the Chinese culture, the bridge often becomes a relationship between men and women. The Korean magpie is a national bird and national symbol of Korea, sometimes referred to as Asian magpie or Chinese magpie. Magpies have an important place in the birth myth of Ai Xinjue Luo Bukuri Yushun, the ancestor of the Qing Dynasty. GalleryReferences1. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.welcomewildlife.com/worlds-smartest-birds/|title=World's smartest birds - Welcome Wildlife|author=|date=3 January 2017|website=welcomewildlife.com}} 2. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/environment/nature/magpies-reflect-on-a-newly-discovered-intellectual-prowess-901857.html|title=Magpies reflect on a newly discovered intellectual prowess|first=Steve|last=Connor|date=19 August 2008|work=The Independent}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/spotlight/eurasian-magpie-a-true-bird-brain|title=Eurasian Magpie: A True Bird Brain|author=|date=|website=britannica.com}} 4. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Prior H, et al. | editor1-last=De Waal | editor1-first=Frans | title=Mirror-Induced Behavior in the Magpie (Pica pica): Evidence of Self-Recognition | journal=PLoS Biology | publisher=Public Library of Science | year=2008 | doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0060202 | accessdate=2008-08-21 | url=http://www.plosbiology.org/article/fetchObject.action?uri=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.0060202&representation=PDF | volume=6 | pages=e202 | pmid=18715117 | issue=8 | pmc=2517622}} 5. ^Ericson et al. (2005) 6. ^Kyukov et al, [https://archive.today/20120703012450/http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/120712647/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0 Synchronic east–west divergence in azure-winged magpies (Cyanopica cyanus) and magpies (Pica pica), Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 42(4): 342-351 (2004)] 7. ^Lee et al., 2003 Bibliography
Further reading
External links
3 : Corvidae|Magpies and treepies|Bird common names |
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