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词条 Queen carnival
释义

  1. William Lints

  2. Origin and purpose

  3. A time line with various Queen Carnivals

  4. Popular culture

  5. References

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2012}}

A queen carnival was a type of fundraising event that was popular in New Zealand and Australia during the early 20th century. They were particularly common during World War I and in the years after, when they were used to raise funds for returned soldiers. The first such carnival is believed to have been held in Whanganui, New Zealand, in 1914, and organised by William Lints. The carnivals were not annual events, but were held in various locations throughout a year.

William Lints

William Lints (aka William Lintz[1]) was born in Aberdeen, Scotland on 14 December 1881. His parents were William and Helen Lints. The family first moved to Australia in 1882 and where Lints was educated. In July 1893 the family emigrated to New Zealand and settled in Wanganui. Lints became a hairdresser and married Mabel Daisy Armstrong, the daughter of William and Sarah Armstrong, in 1902. In 1903 he became manager of the Central Hairdressing Saloon in New Plymouth. Lints established his own business, the Antiseptic Hairdressing Saloon in Devon Street East, New Plymouth. He was also a sportsman; instructing and doing gymnastics; playing hockey and water polo; swimming; and skating.[2] As early as 1903, in Whanganui, he became involved in organising activities for the civic organisations he belonged to.[3]

After creating the Queen Carnival concept, which he ran along with a revue called "Fete of nations" in 1914, Lints went on to direct large patriotic musical extravaganzas from 1916 to at least 1941.[4] These included the "Battle of Bullion Hill" in 1916, the "Silver Bullet Cannoncade" in 1917, the revue called variously "Reveille", "Our Reveille", and "Reveille 1924" which ran from 1917 to the 1930s, and a 1941 revue called "Britannia". These revues were performed throughout New Zealand using Lints own company supplemented by local performers from a variety of disciplines including ballet, opera, bands, and theatre.

Lints died in Wanganui at 91 years of age on 9 September 1973. His wife died in 1946 aged 62. She was born in 1883 in New Zealand.

Origin and purpose

Initially the Queen Carnivals were organised by William Lints of New Plymouth to raise funds for a variety of purposes, and during World War I particularly funds for the wounded soldiers returning home.[5] During the inter war period Queen Carnivals were held to raise fund for worthy community causes. Often funding sporting facilities or community buildings and services. The carnivals included elements of talent shows, fancy dress, sport and the sale of local produce, with a focus on electing a queen of the carnival. Votes were cast for each candidate and the winner was pronounced queen in a coronation ceremony at the end of the carnival.[6]

Newspaper reports in 1914 indicated that they had been held in Whanganui and New Plymouth, with Feilding and Tauranga also considering holding them.[7] After the Auckland carnival criticism was laid at Lints over the cost of the event and the lack of money going to the events beneficiaries.[8] The lack of funds raised may have been Lints' initial inexperience as later events were reported as raising thousands of pounds.[9] Certainly Lints received payment for his efforts.

In February 1915 Lints was reported as going to Bathurst and Albury in Australia to organise similar events, but was still in Nelson in March and reported as organising another in Gisborne in April.[10][11] The Australian event occurred later that year. Queen Carnivals were held various towns and cities around the country.

Lints was advertising another carnival in Whanganui in October 1915 for commencement in December 1915.[12] He followed this with a similar event in Nelson in 1916.[13] The focus of these events had now become fund raising for returned soldiers.

It appears that even as early as 1915, individual towns and organisations were putting on their own Queen carnivals.[14] The Queen Carnival tradition has been carried to other countries, including Fiji and Malta.

A time line with various Queen Carnivals

Date Location Cou-
ntry		 Details
11 March 1914 Virginia Lake, Whanganui NZ 12 candidates for queen, including a Maori lady.[15]
27 August 1915 Dunedin NZ
28 August 1915 Queensland AU Queen Carnivals associated with Queensland Patriotic Day; carnivals held in Brisbane,[16][17] Beaudesert,[18] Boonah,[19] Croydon[20] & Roma.[21]
2 October 1915 Balmain, New South Wales AU Queen Carnival. Miss Edith Butt crowned. Total £1,250 raised in aid of local hospital, Rozelle Band & Civil Ambulance.[22]
9 November 1915 Hobart, Tasmania AU Patriotic Queen Carnival. Miss Millie Jones, Queen of the Citizens crowned. Total £9,510.10 raised.[23]
4 December 1915 Gallipoli TR 9th Field Artillery Battery, 1st AIF, won by "Ranji Randolph"; £43 10s. 6d. raised for Tasmanian Wounded Soldiers' Fund.[24]
1916 Auckland NZ Queens wharf.
1916 Albany[25] AU
1917 Mepanga East[26] NZ
1919 Werribee[27] AU
c. 1919 Atherton[28] AU
1922 Woombye[29] AU
1922 Northcote[30] NZ
10 October 1924Seaford, Victoria AU Fund-raiser for Seaford Football Club (Australian Rules), won by the Queen of Dancing Miss Lillian Edwards [31]
1925 Gisborne NZ Funds to construct a swimming pool.[32]
1925 St Andrews Parish[33] AU
1926 Northland[34] NZ
1929 Birkenhead NZ Funds for the Fire Brigade.
1926 Ballarat[35] AU
1931 Waitua NZ Funds went to building local facilities, including a swimming pool [36]
1934 Ngaio Railway Settlement NZ Settle a debt of £1000 on the Church of England [37]
1935 Christchurch NZ Relief of Distress [38]
1940 Perth[39] AU
1941 Nelson[40] NZ
1941 Melbourne[41] AU
1944 Vogeltown NZ School hall [42]
1943 Melbourne AU Lord Mayors Allies Day Appeal [43]
1953 Oparure[44] NZ
1954 Bondi[45] AU
1955 Matapihi NZ Maori hostel & 1956 Matapihi Footbridge Appeal [46]
1957 Feilding NZ Civic Centre [47]
1958 Hastings[48] NZ
1965 Paeroa NZ College Gymnasium.[49]
1968 Taumarunui NZ Red Cross [50]
1970 Upper Hutt[51] NZ
1970 Vatukoula[52] FJ
1985 Northern Tasmania AU Football Association [53]
2008 Nadur Gozo Island [54] Malta
2008 Wauchope, New South Wales[55] AU

Popular culture

  • Bette and the Queen Carnival Turnley, J. - {{ISBN|978-0-947189-70-9}}, Random House Australia, 1990

References

1. ^Matriarchs: a generation of New Zealand women talk to Judith Fyfe, Judith Fyfe, Penguin Books, 1990, {{ISBN|0140116699}}, 9780140116694
2. ^The Cyclopedia of New Zealand [Taranaki, Hawke's Bay & Wellington Provincial Districts], Hairdressers, Tobacconists, Etc, page 99
3. ^Friendly Societies Picnic and Sports, Wanganui Herald, Volume XXXVII, Issue 10837, 2 January 1903, Page 4
4. ^Advertisements, Evening Post, Volume CXXXI, Issue 108, 9 May 1941, Page 2
5. ^Book: Sites of Gender: Women, Men and Modernity in Southern Dunedin, 1890-1939.
6. ^A carnival queen, Colonist, Volume LVI, Issue 13519, 13 July 1914, Page 6
7. ^Poverty Bay Herald, Volume XLI, Issue 13380, 14 May 1914, Page 3
8. ^Patriotism and philanthropy, NZ Truth, 2 January 1915, Page 5
9. ^Patriotic Society, Evening Post, Volume XCIII, Issue 122, 23 May 1917, Page 10
10. ^Queen of Carnival, Colonist, Volume LVII, Issue 13600, 1 February 1915, Page 4
11. ^Advertisements, Poverty Bay Herald, Volume XLII, Issue 13655, 10 April 1915, Page 1
12. ^Advertisements, Wanganui Chronicle, Volume LX, Issue 20488, 30 October 1915, Page 7
13. ^News of the day, Colonist, Volume LVII, Issue 14148, 10 April 1916, Page 4
14. ^Thames Queen Carnival, Thames Star, Volume XLX, Issue 14956, 27 November 1915, Page 4
15. ^Wanganui Items, Hawera & Normanby Star, Volume XLVI, 11 March 1914, Page 7
16. ^{{cite web| title=Carnival Queens (Photographs)|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article20055821 | year=1915|accessdate=6 August 2012}}
17. ^{{cite web| title=Carnival Queens (Crowning Ceremony)|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article20060973 | year=1915|accessdate=6 August 2012}}
18. ^{{cite web| title=Country Efforts, Beaudesert| year=1915| url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article20024610| accessdate=6 August 2012}}
19. ^{{cite web | title=Country Movements, Boonah| year=1915| url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article20065276| accessdate=6 August 2012}}
20. ^{{cite web| title=Croydon Patriotic Day|year=1915| url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article79337019| accessdate=6 August 2012}}
21. ^{{cite web| title=Country Efforts, Roma| year=1915| url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article20090120| accessdate=6 August 2012}}
22. ^{{cite web| title=Balmain Queen Carnival| year=1915| url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article15617263| accessdate=3 August 2012}}
23. ^{{cite web| title=(Tasmania) Queen Carnival| year=1915| url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article50844445| accessdate=3 August 2012}}
24. ^{{cite web| title=Queens in the Trenches| year=1915| url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article1027689| accessdate=6 August 2012}}
25. ^{{cite web| title=Report of Queen Carnival function | year=1916| url=http://history.albany.wa.gov.au/index.php?option=com_ahc&task=details&id=51539| accessdate=29 November 2008}}
26. ^{{cite web|title=Queen Carnival Mepanga East |year=1917 |url=http://mview.museum.vic.gov.au/paimages/mm/001/001647.htm |accessdate=29 November 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080812015524/http://mview.museum.vic.gov.au/paimages/mm/001/001647.htm |archivedate=12 August 2008 }}
27. ^{{cite web| title=Queen Carnival Werribee | year=1919| url=http://www.pictures.libraries.vic.gov.au/site/wyndham/miscellaneous/9830.html| accessdate=29 November 2008}}
28. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.pictureaustralia.org| title=Queen Carnival in Atherton, ca.1919 | accessdate=29 November 2008}}
29. ^{{cite web| title=Queen Carnival Woombye| year=1922| url=http://opac.maroochylibraries.qld.gov.au/cgi-bin/spydus.exe/ENQ/PIC/BIBENQ?IRN=567443&FMT=PA| archive-url=https://archive.is/20120715230121/http://opac.maroochylibraries.qld.gov.au/cgi-bin/spydus.exe/ENQ/PIC/BIBENQ?IRN=567443&FMT=PA| dead-url=yes| archive-date=15 July 2012| accessdate=29 November 2008}}
30. ^{{cite web| title=Northcote Queen Carnival | year=1922| url=http://www.localhistoryonline.org.nz/cgi-bin/PUI?e=0off-supercol--2-------0---4------110-20--00-1-1-0-0-0-01&a=d&c=supercol&cl=CL3.1920s.1922&d=nsim-N0111021B| accessdate=29 November 2008}}
31. ^{{cite web| title=Queen Competition, Seaford | year=1924| url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article73501499| accessdate=2 August 2012}}
32. ^{{cite web| title=Queen Carnival Gisborne – tepid pools | year=1925| url=http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-MacHist-t1-body-d41-d9-d2.html| accessdate=29 November 2008}}
33. ^{{cite web| title=St Andrews Queen Carnival | year=1925| url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.cs-pa-http%253A%252F%252Fwww.pictures.libraries.vic.gov.au%252Fsite%252Fwyndham%252Fmiscellaneous%252F9738.html| accessdate=29 November 2008}}
34. ^{{cite web| title=Queen Carnival Northland | year=1926| url=http://www.livingheritage.org.nz/schools/primary/northland/queen-carnival.html| accessdate=29 November 2008}}
35. ^{{cite web| title=Queen Carnival Ballarat| year=1926| url=http://photosforthefuture.historychannel.com.au/?cmd=photo_view&photo_id=4984| accessdate=29 November 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080721192343/http://photosforthefuture.historychannel.com.au/?cmd=photo_view&photo_id=4984| archive-date=21 July 2008| dead-url=yes| df=dmy-all}}
36. ^{{cite web| title=Queen carnival at Waiuta| year=1935| url=http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/media/photo/queen-carnival-waiuta| accessdate=29 November 2008}}
37. ^{{cite web| title=Queen carnival| publisher=The New Zealand Railways Magazine, Volume 10, Issue 2 (1 May 1935)|year=1934| url=http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-Gov10_02Rail-t1-body-d20-d5.html| accessdate=29 November 2008}}
38. ^{{cite web|title=Queen Carnival Christchurch – Relief of Distress |year=1935 |url=http://www.convention.co.nz/ami_stadium/about_ami_stadium/history/history_1901_to_1940 |accessdate=29 November 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081015054354/http://www.convention.co.nz/ami_stadium/about_ami_stadium/history/history_1901_to_1940 |archivedate=15 October 2008 }}
39. ^{{cite web| title=Patriotic Queen Carnival. | year=1940| url=http://henrietta.liswa.wa.gov.au:90/kids/0/search~S1?/dPatriotic+music+--+Western+Australia./dpatriotic+music+western+australia/-3%2C-1%2C0%2CB/frameset&FF=dpatriotic+queen+carnival+western+australia&1%2C1%2C| accessdate=29 November 2008}}{{dead link|date=December 2010}}
40. ^{{cite web| title=Queen Carnival Nelson | year=1941| url=http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/NEW-ZEALAND/2005-09/1125803536| accessdate=29 November 2008}}
41. ^{{cite web|title=Queen Carnival Melbourne |year=1941 |url=http://mview.museum.vic.gov.au/paimages/mm/191/19188.htm |accessdate=29 November 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080823053326/http://mview.museum.vic.gov.au/paimages/mm/191/19188.htm |archivedate=23 August 2008 }}
42. ^{{cite web| title=Queen Carnival Vogeltown – School hall | year=1944| url=http://www.geocities.com/vogelnz/hist.html| accessdate=29 November 2008|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.geocities.com/vogelnz/hist.html&date=2009-10-26+00:01:43|archivedate=26 October 2009}}
43. ^{{cite web| title=Queen Carnival Melbourne – Lord Mayors Allies Day Appeal| year=1943| url=http://cas.awm.gov.au/photograph/139187| accessdate=29 November 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226080136/http://cas.awm.gov.au/photograph/139187| archive-date=26 February 2012| dead-url=yes| df=dmy-all}}
44. ^{{cite web| title=Queen Carnival Oparure | year=1953| url=http://teaohou.natlib.govt.nz/journals/teaohou/image/Mao06TeA/Mao06TeA032.html| accessdate=29 November 2008}}
45. ^{{cite web| title=Queen Carnival at Bondi | year=1954| url=http://www.nma.gov.au/exhibitions/past_exhibitions/between_the_flags/your_stories/#row_4| accessdate=29 November 2008}}
46. ^{{cite web| title=Queen Carnival Matapihi – Maori hostel & 1956 Matapihi Footbridge Appeal | year=1955| url=http://teaohou.natlib.govt.nz/journals/teaohou/issue/Mao23TeA/c22.html| accessdate=29 November 2008}}
47. ^{{cite web| title=Queen Carnival Feilding – Civic Centre | year=1957| url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/4239722a20379.html| accessdate=29 November 2008}}
48. ^{{cite web|title=Queen Carnival Hastings |year=1958 |url=http://www.hastingsdc.govt.nz/libraries/blossom_festival.htm |accessdate=29 November 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081015104646/http://www.hastingsdc.govt.nz/Libraries/blossom_festival.htm |archivedate=15 October 2008 }}
49. ^{{cite web|title=Queen Carnival Paeroa – College Gymnasium. |year=1965 |url=http://www.ohinemuri.org.nz/journal/35/principals_paeroa_college.htm |accessdate=29 November 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081017214901/http://ohinemuri.org.nz/journal/35/principals_paeroa_college.htm |archivedate=17 October 2008 }}
50. ^{{cite web| title=Queen Carnival Taumarunui – Red Cross | year=1968| url=http://teaohou.natlib.govt.nz/journals/teaohou/issue/Mao64TeA/c20.html| accessdate=29 November 2008}}
51. ^{{cite web|title=Queen Carnival Upper Hutt |year=1970 |url=http://collection.aucklandartgallery.govt.nz/collection/results.do?view=detail&db=object&id=4330 |accessdate=29 November 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100524050124/http://collection.aucklandartgallery.govt.nz/collection/results.do?view=detail |archivedate=24 May 2010 }}
52. ^{{cite web| title=Queen Carnival Vatukoula| year=1970| url=http://www.vatukoulareunions.com/schoolhistory.html| accessdate=29 November 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080505201710/http://www.vatukoulareunions.com/schoolhistory.html| archive-date=5 May 2008| dead-url=yes| df=dmy-all}}
53. ^{{cite web|title=Queen Carnival Northern Tasmania – Football Association |year=1985 |url=http://www.northlauncestonfc.com.au/1981-1990.html |accessdate=29 November 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724081524/http://www.northlauncestonfc.com.au/1981-1990.html |archivedate=24 July 2008 }}
54. ^{{cite web| title=Queen Carnival Nadur Gozo Island, Malta| year=2008| url=http://picasaweb.google.co.uk/nadurlc/MissQueenCarnival08| archive-url=https://archive.is/20120713164208/http://picasaweb.google.co.uk/nadurlc/MissQueenCarnival08| dead-url=yes| archive-date=13 July 2012| accessdate=29 November 2008}}
55. ^{{cite web| title=Carnival Queen says thank you| year=2008| url=http://wauchope.yourguide.com.au/news/local/news/general/carnival-queen-says-thank-you/1351473.aspx| accessdate=29 November 2008| archive-url=https://archive.is/20120730012248/http://wauchope.yourguide.com.au/news/local/news/general/carnival-queen-says-thank-you/1351473.aspx| archive-date=30 July 2012| dead-url=yes| df=dmy-all}}

2 : Events in New Zealand|Recurring events established in 1915
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