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词条 Mainalo
释义

  1. Geography

  2. Ecology

  3. Notable people

  4. References

  5. External links

{{for|the village with the same name|Mainalo, Arcadia}}{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}{{Infobox mountain
| name = Mainalo
| native_name = Μαίναλο
| native_name_lang = el
| photo = Fir forest on Mt. Mainalo, Greece.jpg
| photo_caption = Greek fir forest on Mount Mainalo
| photo_alt = A photo taken in the summer of a mountainside of Mainalo. The mountainside is completely covered in a green forest of Greek fir.
| elevation_m = 1,981
| highest = Ostrakina or Profitis Ilias
| elevation_ref = [1]
| language = Greek
| location = The mountain is in the middle of the Peloponnese, in Arcadia, Greece
| map = Greece Peloponnese
| map_alt = The location of Mainalo on a blank map of the relief of the Peloponnese, Greece
| label = Mainalo
| label_position = right
| coordinates = {{coord|37.6436|22.2797|type:mountain|display=inline, title}}
| easiest_route = Hike
| area_km2 = 226
| etymology = from Ancient Greek Μαίναλον (Maínalon)
| type = Mount
}}Mainalo ({{lang-el|Μαίναλο}}, {{lang-grc|Μαίναλος or Μαίναλον|Mainalos or Mainalon}}; {{lang-la|Maenalus}}[2]) is the tallest mountain in the Menalon mountain range of the Peloponnese, and is found in Arcadia, Greece. In antiquity, the mountain was especially sacred to Pan.[2]

The mountain's highest point, known as both Profitis Ilias and Ostrakina,[1][3] at a height of {{convert|1981|m|abbr=on}},[1] is the highest point in Arcadia.[4] The mountain has a length of {{Convert|15 to 20|km|mi}} from southwest of Tripoli to northeast of Vytina, and a width of {{Convert|5 to 10|km|mi}} from Zygovisti to Kapsas.[4] The mountain is part of a Natura 2000 site, designated in March 2011, covering an area of {{Convert|226|km2|mi2}}.[5] In the 19th and early 20th century, the mountain was known as Apano Chrepa.[6]

Mainalo is home to a ski resort, which is found at an elevation of {{Convert|1600|m|ft}}, with 7 ski slopes and 4 lifts,[7] which are at an altitude between {{Convert|1550 to 1770|m|ft}}.[4]

Geography

Mainalo's ground is mostly made of lime.[5]

Mainalo has various named peaks. Listed by height, they are, among others;[1][3][8]

  • Ostrakina or Profitis Ilias at {{Convert|1981|m|ft}}
  • Pateritsa at {{Convert|1875|m|ft}}
  • Tzelati at {{Convert|1868|m|ft}}
  • Mesovouni at {{Convert|1860|m|ft}}
  • Aidini at {{Convert|1849|m|ft}}
  • Mavri Koryfi at {{Convert|1818|m|ft}}
  • Mourtzia at {{Convert|1794|m|ft}}

Ecology

The mountain houses many forests of Greek fir and Crimean pine. Natura 2000 cites these forests as the "[Greek fir and Crimean pine's] best representation in Peloponnisos."[5]

Many amphibians, reptiles, mammals, insects, and diurnal predatory birds inhabit Mainalo. These include, among others;[5]

  • Reptiles such as the Balkan whip snake, Marginated tortoise, Kotschy's gecko, Greek rock lizard, Peloponnese wall lizard, European copper skink, and the Horned viper.
  • Mammals such as the European hare, Beech marten, European badger, Lesser noctule bat, Edible dormouse, Thomas's pine vole, and the Western broad-toothed field mice.
  • Amphibians such as the European green toad, European tree frog, and the Syrian spadefoot.
  • Birds such as the Northern goshawk, Eurasian sparrowhawk, Common buzzard, Common kestrel, and the Peregrine falcon.
  • Insects such as the Plebejus sephirus butterfly, Persian skipper butterfly, Eastern orange tip butterfly and the Mountain small white butterfly.

Notable people

The following people were associated with the ancient city Maenalus, which may have stood near the summit of Mainalo:[2][9]

  • Androsthenes of Maenalus, a pankratiast who won gold in the ancient Olympic games in 420 and 416 BC.[10][11]:27[12]:10
  • Damoxenidas of Maenalus, a boxer who won gold in the ancient Olympic games in 384 BC.[10][11]:159[13]:246
  • Ephotion of Maenalus, a pankratiast who won gold in the ancient Olympic games in 464 BC.[12]:60
  • Euthymenes of Maenalus, a boys' and adult wrestler who won gold as in the ancient Olympic games in 400 and 392 BC.[10][12]:66
  • Nicodamus of Maenalus, a sculptor who made statues of ancient Olympic victors and Greek mythological figures.
  • Phormis of Maenalus, a distinguished fighter who became rich in service of Gelo.[10]
  • Xenocles of Maenalus, a boys' wrestler who won gold in the ancient Olympic games in 372 BC.[10][12]:177

References

1. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=https://oreivatein.com/oreivatein/page/mountains/m_o/mainalo/mainalo_c.htm|title=Μαίναλο - Γράφημα των κορυφών του Μαίναλου|trans-title=Mainalo - Graph of the peaks of Mainalo|website=Oreivatein|access-date=17 October 2018}}
2. ^1 2 {{Cite DGRG|title=Maenalus|volume=2|pages=243-244}}
3. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://hikingexperience.gr/%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD-%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%85%CF%86%CE%AE-%CF%84%CE%B6%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B7-%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85-%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%85/|title=Στην κορυφή Τζελάτη του Μαινάλου|date=October 15, 2011|website=hikingexperience.gr|language=el|trans-title=At the Tzelati peak of Mainalo|access-date=22 February 2018}}
4. ^1 2 {{Cite web|url=http://www.peloponnese.eu/peloponnese-mountains/mainalo|title=Mainalo|website=Peloponnese Travel Guide in Greece - Peloponnese.eu|access-date=20 December 2017}}
5. ^1 2 3 {{Cite web|url=http://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/Natura2000/SDF.aspx?site=GR2520001|title=N2K GR2520001 dataforms|website=Natura 2000|access-date=20 December 2017}}
6. ^{{Cite book|title=International Standard Bible Encyclopedia|last=Orr|first=James|publisher=Howard-Severance Co.|year=1915|volume=II|location=Chicago|pages=1296|chapter=Greece; Graecia|chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924063473403#page/n651/mode/2up|via=Archive.org}}
7. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.gtp.gr/TDirectoryDetails.asp?ID=38052|title=Ostrakina Ski Center - Mainalon|website=Greek Travel Pages|access-date=26 May 2018}}
8. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.thewebradio.gr/2018/02/12/%CE%B5%CE%BE%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B7-%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF-%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BF-%CE%BC%CE%B5-%CF%86%CF%89%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AF%CE%B5%CF%82-%CE%B1/|title=Εξoρμιση στο Μαιναλο με φωτογραφιεσ απο ορειβασία μέσα απο το χιόνι|date=12 February 2018|work=TheWebRadio.gr|access-date=17 October 2018|trans-title=Excrusion in Mainalo with photos of hiking through snow}}
9. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rubZ36X3dQ8C&pg=PA241|title=Peloponnesiaca: a Supplement to Travels on the Moréa|last=Leake|first=William Martin|publisher=J. Rodwell|year=1846|location=London|chapter=Gates of Helos|author-link=William Martin Leake|via=Google Books|pages=241–243}}
10. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rubZ36X3dQ8C&pg=PA59|title=Peloponnesiaca: a Supplement to Travels on the Moréa|last=Leake|first=William Martin|publisher=J. Rodwell|year=1846|location=London|chapter=Olympia|author-link=William Martin Leake|via=Google Books|pages=59–65}}
11. ^1 {{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/925131929|title=Greek and Roman sport: a dictionary of athletes and events from the eighth century B.C. to the third century A.D.|last=Matz|first=David|publisher=McFarland & Company Incorporated Pub|year=1991|isbn=9780899505589|location=United States|oclc=925131929}}
12. ^1 2 3 {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/stream/Sportintheancientworldfromatoz/sport%20a%20to%20z#page/n0/mode/2up|title=Sport in the Ancient World from A to Z|last=Golden|first=Mark|publisher=Routledge|year=2004|isbn=9781134535965|location=United States|via=Archive.org}}
13. ^{{Cite book|url=https://buleria.unileon.es/bitstream/handle/10612/1029/2010DUR%C3%81NTEZ%20CORRAL%2C%20CONRADO.pdf?sequence=1|title=El significado de la victoria en los juegos de Olimpia - Los vencedores Olimpicos|last=Durántez Corral|first=Conrado|publisher=University of León|year=2010|location=León|language=Spanish|trans-title=The significance of victory in the games of Olympia - The Olympic victors}}

External links

{{Commons category-inline}}
  • Mainalo Ski Center {{gr icon}}
  • Forecasts on Mainalo
  • University of Patras article on the Menalon mountain range {{gr icon}}

3 : Landforms of Arcadia|Mountains of Peloponnese (region)|Mountains of Greece
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