| 词条 | Ancaster, Lincolnshire |
| 释义 |
|country = England |static_image_name = St.Martin's church, Ancaster, Lincs. - geograph.org.uk - 81148.jpg |static_image_caption =St Martin's Church, Ancaster |coordinates = {{coord|52.97|-00.54|display=inline,title}} |official_name = Ancaster | population = 1,317 | population_ref = (2001)[1] |shire_district= South Kesteven |shire_county= Lincolnshire |region=East Midlands |constituency_westminster= Sleaford and North Hykeham |post_town= Grantham |postcode_district = NG32 |postcode_area= NG |dial_code= 01400 |os_grid_reference= SK983438 | london_distance_mi= 100 | london_direction= S }}Ancaster is a village and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England, on the site of a Roman town. The population of the civil parish was 1,317 at the 2001 census increasing to 1,647 at the 2011 census.[2] The civil parish includes the settlements of Sudbrook and West Willoughby.[3] History{{main article|Ancaster Roman Town}}Ancaster was a Roman town at the junction of Ermine Street[4][5] and King Street.[6] During the Romano-British period, the Romans built a roadside settlement on the site of a Corieltauvi settlement. It was traditionally thought to have been named Causennis, although that is now believed to be Saltersford near Grantham. Ancaster lies on Ermine Street, the major Roman road heading north from London. To the northwest of Ancaster is a Roman marching camp and some 4th-century Roman earthworks are still visible.[7] Excavations have found a cemetery containing more than 250 Roman burials, including 11 stone sarcophagi.{{citation needed|date=July 2011}} In the later years of Roman occupation, a large stone wall with accompanying ditches was erected around the town, possibly for defence against marauding Saxons. The place-name 'Ancaster' is first attested in a twelfth-century Danelaw charter from the reign of Henry II, and in a legal document of 1196, where it appears as Anecastre. The name means 'the Roman fort of Anna.[8] An excavation by television programme Time Team in 2002 revealed a cist burial bearing an inscription to the god Viridius. The dig also uncovered Iron Age to 3rd-century pottery, a 1st-century brooch, and some of the Roman town wall.[9] Ancaster Hall at the University of Nottingham was named after the parish, and the now extinct title of the Earl of Ancaster.{{citation needed|date=October 2014}} In 2005 the once widespread but now rare tall thrift plant was discovered in Ancaster churchyard, one of only two locations within the country where the plant is found. A preservation regime for the plant was instituted by English Nature.[10] The town Ancaster located in Ontario, Canada, was first established in Upper Canada in 1792 and was named after Ancaster, Lincolnshire, by British army officer and the first Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada John Simcoe who was apparently inspired in the name choice by Peregrine Bertie, the 3rd Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven.[11]GeographyAncaster is situated midway between Sleaford and Grantham on the A153 road at its junction with the B6403 (Ermine Street). North of the village, the B6403 (High Dike) is the dividing line between South and North Kesteven. Towards Sleaford is Wilsford and to the west is Sudbrook. The civil parish boundaries are different: the civil parish also covers the settlements of Sudbrook and West Willoughby.[12] AmenitiesAncaster has a C.E. primary school,[13] a butcher and grocery shop, a small railway station on the Nottingham–Skegness line and a post office and petrol station. There had been two public houses on [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/451985 Ermine Street] but only the Railway Inn remains whereas the Ermine Way has now been closed. There is also a sports and social club associated with the playing field, which hosts Ancaster Cricket club. West of the village on Willoughby Moor is a [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/269446 holiday park]. There are also two nearby nature reserves, each an SSSI, where the tall thrift plant is found, it being unique to this area of the UK.[10] Church{{main article|St Martin's Church, Ancaster}}The village's Grade I listed Anglican parish [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/81148 church] is dedicated to St Martin,[14][15] one of many churches on Roman sites which are dedicated to the Roman soldier who converted to Christianity and later became Bishop of Tours and a saint. St Martin's church stands slightly elevated on the Roman road Ermine Street, and on the probable site of a Roman temple. It is first documented in 1200 when Bishop Hugh's body rested overnight at the church while on the way to Lincoln.{{citation needed|date=July 2011}} The church has decorated Norman arches and an Early English font. The corbels are decorated with medieval figurative imagery: a drinking nun, an old woman, and a farmer with medieval head-dress. There is also a Green Man 'mouth-puller' in the vestry, and the remains of a Sheela na gig on the north side of the tower. On the wooden ceiling there are carvings of figures. Two Roman relief sculptures were found in the East Wall of the church in the 1960s.{{citation needed|date=July 2011}} The ecclesiastical parish is linked with Wilsford, and is part of the Loveden Deanery of the Diocese of Lincoln.[16] References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/viewFullDataset.do?instanceSelection=03070&productId=779&$ph=60_61&datasetInstanceId=3070&startColumn=1&numberOfColumns=4&containerAreaId=790460|title=2001 census|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdate=20 April 2013|work=Neighbourhood Statistics}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=11120006&c=Ancaster&d=16&e=62&g=6447333&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1461174570734&enc=1|title=Civil parish population 2011|accessdate=20 April 2016|publisher=Office for National Statistics|work=Neighbourhood Statistics}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://parishes.lincolnshire.gov.uk/Ancaster/|title=Civil Parish details}} 4. ^{{cite book|first=Ivan D |last=Margary |year=1973 |title=Roman roads in Britain|pages=224–30 }} 5. ^{{PastScape|mnumber=1031813|mname=Ermine Street in Lincolnshire|accessdate=4 July 2010}} 6. ^{{PastScape|mnumber=1035135|mname=King Street|accessdate=4 July 2010}} 7. ^{{PastScape|mnumber=325933|mname=Roman remains|accessdate=4 July 2010}} 8. ^Eilert Ekwall,The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-names, p.9. 9. ^"Romano-British cemetery site, west of Ancaster", HeritageGateway, English Heritage. Retrieved 13 January 2013 10. ^1 "Anger over wild flower graveyard", BBC News, 3 August 2005 11. ^http://www.hpl.ca/articles/historical-ancaster 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://parishes.lincolnshire.gov.uk/Ancaster/|title=Ancaster Parish Council}}, Lincolnshire.gov.uk. Retrieved 28 June 2013 13. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20000301122433/http://www.ancaster.lincs.sch.uk/ Ancaster CE Primary School]. Retrieved 28 June 2013 14. ^{{NHLE|num=1062422 |desc=Church of St Martin|accessdate= 9 July 2011}} 15. ^{{PastScape|mnumber=325927|mname=Church of St Martin|accessdate=4 July 2010}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lincoln.anglican.org/search_parishes.php?23103000|title=Ancaster/Wilsford Group P C C|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716073758/http://www.lincoln.anglican.org/search_parishes.php?23103000|archivedate=16 July 2011|df=dmy-all}} Diocese of Lincoln. Retrieved 28 June 2013 External links{{Commons category-inline|Ancaster, Lincolnshire}}
4 : Villages in Lincolnshire|Roman sites in Lincolnshire|Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Lincolnshire|South Kesteven District |
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