“Raffles, Cumbria”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Raffles or the Raffles Estate is a suburb of Carlisle, Cumbria, United Kingdom. The estate consists mainly of council built and Housing association properties, and in 1994 had a population of 5,800. Nearby areas include Belle Vue, Newtown, Sandsfield Park and Morton West.

History

Raffles was built during the 1920s and 1930s and was highly sought after as a place to live by council tenants of the time.^[1] By 1994 the area had deteriorated; a report published in The Independent on Sunday in April 1994 condemned the estate as a no-go area with a high level of crime. One resident was reported to have said "If you've got a problem in Raffles, get a shotgun".^[2]

By the first decade of the 21st century the housing estate had undergone significant redevelopment and modernisation.^[3] The £9 million redevelopment plan got underway in 2004 and saw many of the original council properties demolished and replaced with new housing stock. This was completed in three stages,^[4] the last building phase being finished in 2009. In 2010 Carlisle Police discovered a large amount of heroin at a house on the estate, described as one of the largest to be found in the area in recent years.^[5]

Notable residents

References

1. ^{{cite news|url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/cumbria/hi/people_and_places/history/newsid_8357000/8357384.stm|title= The Raffles Estate: Then and Now|work= BBC Cumbria|publisher= BBC|date= 13 November 2009|accessdate= 21 May 2010}}
2. ^{{cite news|url= https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/nogo-britain-where-what-why-1370749.html|title= No-Go Britain: Where, what, why|publisher= Independent Newspapers Ltd|work= The Independent on Sunday|date= 17 April 1994|accessdate= 21 May 2010}}
3. ^{{cite news|url= http://www.newsandstar.co.uk/news/business/new_homes_for_rent_on_carlisle_s_raffles_estate_1_514285?referrerPath=news/business|title= New homes for rent on Carlisle's Raffles estate|publisher= |work= Cumberland News|first= Matthew|last= Legg|date= 17 February 2009|accessdate= 12 June 2010|deadurl= yes|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20120322011237/http://www.newsandstar.co.uk/news/business/new_homes_for_rent_on_carlisle_s_raffles_estate_1_514285?referrerPath=news%2Fbusiness|archivedate= 22 March 2012|df= dmy-all}}
4. ^{{cite news|url= http://www.contractjournal.com/Articles/2008/01/15/57350/lovell-to-start-work-on-9m-carlisle-housing-regeneration-scheme.html|title= Lovell to start work on £9m Carlisle housing regeneration scheme|publisher= |work= CountracJournal.com|date= 15 January 2008|accessdate= 12 June 2010}}{{Dead link|date=November 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
5. ^{{cite news|url= http://www.insidehousing.co.uk/analysis/profiles/humble-helen/6510962.article|title= Humble Helen|publisher= |work= Inside Housing|first= Caroline|last= Thorpe|date= 20 July 2010|accessdate= 19 August 2010|deadurl= yes|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100802013044/http://www.insidehousing.co.uk/analysis/profiles/humble-helen/6510962.article|archivedate= 2 August 2010|df= dmy-all}}
6. ^{{cite news|url= http://www.newsandstar.co.uk/news/ex-carlisle-mum-wins-safe-seat-to-become-tories-first-black-woman-mp-1.703485?referrerPath=home|title= Ex-Carlisle mum wins ‘safe’ seat to become Tories first black woman MP|publisher= |work= News & Star|first= Julian|last= Whittle|date= 7 May 2010|accessdate= 27 September 2010|deadurl= yes|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20120307135836/http://www.newsandstar.co.uk/news/ex-carlisle-mum-wins-safe-seat-to-become-tories-first-black-woman-mp-1.703485?referrerPath=home|archivedate= 7 March 2012|df= dmy-all}}
7. ^[https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/feb/08/margaret-forster-award-winning-author-dies The Guardian: Margaret Forster, award-winning author, dies at 77] (accessed 8 February 2016)

History

Notable residents

References

External links