| 释义 |
- Structure and contents
- Translations Full translations Selections
- See also
- References
- External links
{{use dmy dates|date=November 2016}}{{Use Indian English|date=November 2016}}{{Infobox religious text
}}{{buddhism}}{{PaliCanon}}The Majjhima Nikaya (-nikāya; "Collection of Middle-length Discourses") is a Buddhist scripture, the second of the five nikayas, or collections, in the Sutta Pitaka, which is one of the "three baskets" that compose the Pali Tipitaka (lit. "Three Baskets") of Theravada Buddhism. Composed between 3rd century BCE and 2nd century CE.[1] This nikaya consists of 152 discourses attributed to the Buddha and his chief disciples.[2] The Majjhima Nikaya corresponds to the Madhyama Āgama found in the Sutra Pitikas of various Sanskritic early Buddhist schools, fragments of which survive in Sanskrit and in Tibetan translation. A complete Chinese translation from the Sarvāstivādin recension appears in the Chinese Buddhist canon, where it is known as the Zhōng Ahánjīng (中阿含經). The Madhyama Āgama of the Sarvāstivāda school contains 222 sūtras, in contrast to the 152 suttas in the Pāli Majjhima Nikāya.[3] Structure and contentsBhikkhu Bodhi in the introduction to his translation describes the collection as follows: If the Majjhima Nikāya were to be characterised by a single phrase to distinguish it from among the other books of the Pali Canon, this might be done by describing it as the collection that combines the richest variety of contextual settings with the deepest and most comprehensive assortment of teachings.[4] The 152 discourses come in three parts each with five divisions. All divisions save the penultimate contain 10 discourses.| Name | English Name[4] | # of 1st discourse | | Mūlapaṇṇāsapāḷi | The Root Fifty Discourses |
|---|
| Mūlapariyāya Vagga | The Division of the Discourse on the Root | 1 | | Sīhanāda Vagga | The Division of the Lion's Roar | 11 | | Opamma Vagga | The Division of Similes | 21 | | Mahāyamaka Vagga | The Great Division of Pairs | 31 | | Cūḷayamaka Vagga | The Shorter Division of Pairs | 41 | | Majjhimapaṇṇāsapāḷi | The Middle Fifty Discourses |
|---|
| Gahapati Vagga | The Division on Householders | 51 | | Bhikkhu Vagga | The Division on Bhikkhus | 61 | | Paribbājaka Vagga | The Division on Wanderers | 71 | | Rāja Vagga | The Division on Kings | 81 | | Brāhmaṇa Vagga | The Division on Brahmins | 91 | | Uparipaṇṇāsapāḷi | The Final Fifty Discourses |
|---|
| Devadaha Vagga | The Division at Devadaha | 101 | | Anupada Vagga | The Division of One by One | 111 | | Suññata Vagga | The Division of Voidness | 121 | | Vibhaṅga Vagga | The Division of Expositions | 131 | | Saḷāyatana Vagga | The Division of the Sixfold Base | 143 |
Translations Full translations - Bhikkhu Nanamoli and Bhikkhu Bodhi (trans.), The Middle Length Discourses of the Buddha: A Translation of the Majjhima Nikaya, 1995, Somerville: Wisdom Publications {{ISBN|0-86171-072-X}}.
- Mahapandit Rahul Sankrityayan translated Majjhima Nikaya from Prakrit to Hindi.[5]
- Lord Chalmers, trans. (1898–1926), Further Dialogues of the Buddha, 1926–7, vol.1, vol. 2, London: Pali Text Society. Reprint: Ann Arbor: Books on Demand, University of Michigan.
- I.B. Horner (trans.), The Book of Middle Length Sayings, 1954–9, 3 volumes, Bristol: Pali Text Society.
- David W. Evans (trans.), Discourses of Gotama Buddha: Middle Collection, 1991, Janus Pubns. "Translation in an abridged form ... just about one third the size of Horner's translation, but with well over 90% of the significant content"
- Bhikkhu Sujato (trans.), The Middle Discourses, 2018, [https://suttacentral.net/mn published online at SuttaCentral] and released into the public domain.
Selections - A Treasury of the Buddha's Words, tr Nanamoli, revised Khantipalo, Bangkok; later revised & expanded to give MLDB above
- Twenty-Five Suttas from Mula-Pannasa, Burma Pitaka Association, Rangoon, 1986?; reprinted Sri Satguru, Delhi
- Twenty-Five Suttas from Majjhima-Pannasa, Myanmar Pitaka Association, Rangoon, 1987; reprinted Sri Satguru, Delhi
- Twenty-Five Suttas from Upari-Pannasa, Myanmar Pitaka Association, Rangoon, 1988?; reprinted Sri Satguru, Delhi
See also - List of Majjhima Nikaya suttas
- Anguttara Nikaya
- Buddhist texts
- Digha Nikaya
- Khuddaka Nikaya
- Samyutta Nikaya
References 1. ^{{cite book|title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century| first=Upinder | last = Singh|publisher=Pearson|page=25}}
2. ^A version of the Pali original is available in {{cite book |title=Majjhima Nikaya: The Middle Length Discourses of the Buddha |last= Gotama |first=Buddha |authorlink=Gautama Buddha |coauthors= |year=2012 |location= |publisher= CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform |isbn=978-1478369622 |accessdate= }}
3. ^A Dictionary of Buddhism, by Damien Keown, Oxford University Press: 2004
4. ^1 {{Cite book|title=The Middle Length Discourses of the Buddha: A New Translation of the Majjhima Nikāya|last=Bodhi|first=Bhikkhu|publisher=Buddhist Publication Society, first published by Wisdom Publications|year=1995|isbn=0-86171-072-X|location=Kandy, Sri Lanka|pages=5–11, 20|quote=|via=}}
5. ^{{cite book| first = R. S.| last = Sharma| authorlink = Ram Sharan Sharma| title = Rethinking India's Past| publisher = Oxford University Press| year = 2009| isbn = 978-0-19-569787-2}}
External links {{Wikiquote}}- [https://suttacentral.net/mn Majjhima Nikāya in English (& 30+ other languages) together with Madhyama Āgama parallels] at suttacentral.net
- Majjhima Nikaya in English at Metta.lk
- Majjhima Nikaya in English at accesstoinsight.org
- Majjhima Nikaya lectures taught by Bhikkhu Bodhi
- Majjhima Nikaaya III, II. 3.5.Maagandiyasutta.m, III. 2. 5.Bahudhaatukasutta.m-, (115) The Discourse on Many Elements at budsas.org
- Entry for Mādhyamāgama, Digital Dictionary of Buddhism at buddhism-dict.net
- Selected Suttas of the Majjhima Nikaya, transl. by Bhikkhu Bodhi, Wisdom Publications
- [https://www.academia.edu/31682490/SEVEN_GAMES_OF_INDIA_IN_THE_6th_CENTURY_BCE_AS_DEPICTED_IN_THE_MAHATANHASANKHAYASUTTA_OF_THE_MAJJHlMANIKA_YA Seven Games of India in the 6th Century B.C.]
{{Buddhism topics}} 2 : Majjhima Nikaya|Pali literature |