“Makalero dialect”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Makalero dialect

释义

Phonology
Consonants Vowels Monophthongs
Numerals
References

{{Infobox language
|name=Makalero
|states=East Timor
|region=Timor Island, eastern end around Baucau and inland, west of Fataluku, from northern to southern coast in a dialect chain.
|coordinates = {{coord|8|39|S|126|30|E|type:landmark|display=inline}}
|speakers=6,000
|date=2004
|ref={{citation needed|date=August 2013}}
|familycolor=Papuan
|fam1=Trans–New Guinea ?
|fam2=West Bomberai ?
|fam3=Timor–Alor–Pantar
|fam4=Eastern Timor
|fam5=Makasae
|isoexception=dialect
|iso3=mjb
|glotto=makl1245
|glottorefname=Maklere
|map=Makalero.png
|mapcaption=Distribution of Makalero mother-tongue speakers in East Timor
}}

Makalero or Maklere is a dialect of Makasae spoken by 6,000 people in East Timor.

Phonology

All the information in this section is from Huber's grammar.^[1]

Consonants

Makalero has 11 native consonant phonemes.

**Consonant phonemes**
	Labial		Alveo-dental			Velar	Glottal
Plosive	{{IPA\|p}}		{{IPA\|t}}		{{IPA\|d}}	{{IPA\|k}}	{{IPA\|ʔ}}
Fricative	{{IPA\|f}}		{{IPA\|s}}
Nasal		{{IPA\|m}}		{{IPA\|n}}
Trill					{{IPA\|r}}
Lateral approximant					{{IPA\|l}}

Vowels

Monophthongs

Makalero has five vowel phonemes. Most long vowels occur in predictable contexts; thus Huber argues long vowels are marginal phonemes at best.

**Monophthong phonemes**
	Front	Central	Back
Close	i}}		u}}
Mid	e}}		o}}
Open		a}}

Syllables are commonly CV; some are CVC. Epenthetic vowels are often inserted between series of two consonants, and echo vowels are often added to the end of phonological phrases.

Numerals

unu - One
loloi - Two
lolitu - Three
faata - Four
lima - Five
douhu - Six
fitu - Seven
afo - Eight
siwa - Nine
ruru-u - Ten
ruu resi nu - Eleven
ruu resi loloi - Twelve
ruu resi lolitu - Thirteen
ruu resi faata - Fourteen
ruu resi lima - Fifteen

References

1. ^{{cite book|last1=Huber|first1=Juliette|title=A grammar of Makalero - A Papuan language of East Timor|date=2011|publisher=LOT Utrecht}}

3 : Oirata–Makasai languages|Languages of East Timor|Articles citing ISO change requests

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