请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 Ralph Barton
释义

  1. Early life

  2. Career

  3. Death

  4. Legacy

  5. Bibliography

      Books   Essays and reporting  Critical studies and reviews of Barton's work 

  6. References

  7. External links

{{other people}}{{Infobox person
|name = Ralph Barton
|image = Ralph Barton 1926.jpg
|caption = Ralph Barton in 1926
|birth_date = {{birth date|1891|8|14}}
|birth_place = Kansas City, Missouri
|death_date = {{death date and age|1931|5|19|1891|8|14}}
|death_place = New York City, New York
|education =
|occupation = Artist
|spouse = Marie Jennings
Anne Minnerly
Carlotta Monterey
Germaine Tailleferre
|parents =
|children = Two daughters; Natalie, Diana
}}Ralph Waldo Emerson Barton (August 14, 1891 – May 19, 1931) was an American artist best known for his cartoons and caricatures of actors and other celebrities. Though his work was heavily in demand through the 1920s and is often considered to epitomize the era, his personal life was troubled by mental illness, and he was nearly forgotten soon after his suicide, shortly before his fortieth birthday.[1]

Early life

Ralph Barton was the youngest of four children born to Abraham Pool and Catherine Josephine (Wigginton) Barton.[2][3] His father was an attorney by profession, but around the time of Ralph's birth made a career change to publish journals on metaphysics. His mother, an accomplished portrait painter, ran an art studio.[4] The young Barton showed his mother's aptitude for art, and by the time he was in his mid-teens he had already seen several of his cartoons and illustrations published in The Kansas City Star and the Kansas City Journal-Post. Buoyed by this success, in 1908 Ralph Barton dropped out of Kansas City's Westport High School before graduating. He moved to Chicago in 1909 to attend the Art Institute of Chicago, but soon found he didn't "like Chicago or Chicago people and worst of all the art institute. I could learn twice as much at work" he confided in a letter to his mother.[4] Returning to Kansas City within a matter of months, he married his first of four wives, Marie Jennings.

Career

{{Hollywood1921}}

While back in Kansas City Barton resumed his work for the Star and Journal-Post to support his wife and daughter, born in 1910. His first break, or national exposure, came in 1912 when Barton sold an illustration to the humor magazine Puck. Encouraged, the Bartons moved to New York City, where Ralph found steady work with Puck, McCall's and other publications. His wife was not happy with life in the Big Apple however, and returned to Kansas City within a few months. Barton rented studio space, which he shared with another famous Missouri artist, Thomas Hart Benton, and the two became fast friends.[4] It was Benton in fact who served as the subject of Barton's first caricature.[1]

In 1915 Puck magazine sent Barton to France to sketch scenes of World War I. It was then that Barton developed a great love of all things French, and throughout his life he would return to Paris to live for periods of time. In 1927 the French government awarded Barton the Legion of Honour[4]

Barton's first caricature was of Thomas Hart Benton; his last, of Charlie Chaplin.[1] In between he knew everyone and drew everyone in the social and cultural scene of New York. Some of his most famous works were group drawings, and perhaps the most noted was a stage curtain created for a 1922 revue, depicting an "audience" of 139 faces looking back at the real theater-goers. "The effect was electrifying, and the applause was great," said another caricaturist of the era, Aline Fruhauf.[5]

Much of Ralph Barton's work from the mid-1920s onward was for The New Yorker magazine, which he joined as an advisory editor from its very beginning in 1924. He would also be a stockholder in the publication. Other prominent magazines of the era to feature his work were Collier's, Vanity Fair, Judge, and Harper's Bazaar. While many would be published unsigned, there was no mistaking Barton's unique style.[6] Ralph Barton would illustrate one of the 1920s most popular books, Gentlemen Prefer Blondes. With the urging of friend Charlie Chaplin, Barton also made one movie, Camille. The short film featured such notables as Paul Robeson, Ethel Barrymore, and Sinclair Lewis.[6]

At the height of his popularity, Barton enjoyed not only the acquaintance of the famous, but a solid and impressive income. All of this concealed a terribly unhappy life. He was beset by manic-depressive disorder, and each of his four marriages ended in divorce. (One of his wives was the French composer Germaine Tailleferre (1892–1983) who was a member of Les Six.) A self-portrait, painted around 1925 and modeled on an El Greco, shows a drawn and unhappy figure. A year later he wrote, "The human soul would be a hideous object if it were possible to lay it bare."

Death

On May 19, 1931, in his East Midtown Manhattan penthouse apartment, Barton shot himself through the right temple. He was 39 years old.[7] His suicide note said he had irrevocably "lost the only woman I ever loved" (the actress Carlotta Monterey had divorced Barton in 1926 and married Eugene O'Neill in 1929), and that he feared his worsening manic-depression was approaching insanity.[8] He wrote: "I have had few difficulties, many friends, great successes; I have gone from wife to wife and house to house, visited great countries of the world—but I am fed up with inventing devices to fill up twenty-four hours of the day."[9] Almost immediately, his reputation dropped from sight; several years after his death, a caricature of George Gershwin sold for a mere $5.[1] Ralph Barton's ashes were returned to his native Kansas City and interred in Mount Moriah Cemetery.[4]

Legacy

Toward the end of the century, his work was included in several exhibitions at the National Portrait Gallery. A 1998 conference on cartooning at the Library of Congress also considered his work.

Bibliography

{{Expand list|date=January 2017}}

Books

  • {{cite book |editor=G.P.P. |authorlink= |authormask= |others=Illustrated by Ralph Barton |title=Nonsenseorship : sundry observations concerning prohibitions, inhibitions and illegalities |location=New York |publisher=G. P. Putnam's sons/The Knickerbocker Press |year=1922 |}}
  • {{cite book |author=Loos, Anita |authorlink= |authormask= |others=Intimately illustrated by Ralph Barton |title="Gentlemen prefer blondes" : the illuminating diary of a professional lady |location=New York |publisher=Boni & Liveright |year=1925 |}}
  • {{cite book |author=Loos, Anita |authorlink= |authormask=1 |others=Intimately illustrated by Ralph Barton |title="But gentlemen marry brunettes" |location=New York |publisher=Boni & Liveright |year=1927 |}}[10]
  • {{cite book |author=Shaw, Charles G. |authorlink= |authormask= |others=Illustrations by Ralph Barton |title=Heart in a hurricane |location=New York |publisher=Brentano's |year=1927 |}}
  • {{cite book |author=Merkin, Richard |authorlink=Richard Merkin |authormask= |title=The jazz age, as seen through the eyes of Ralph Barton, Miguel Covarrubias, and John Held, Jr. |location=Providence, R.I. |publisher=Museum of Art, Rhode Island School of Design |year=1968 |}} Exhibition catalog.

Essays and reporting

  • {{cite journal |author=R. B. |authorlink= |authormask= |date=March 7, 1925 |others=Illustrated by Ralph Barton |title=Black magic in West Forty-Fifth Street : Mr. James Rennie and Mr. Francis Corbie in "Cape Smoke" at the Martin Beck Theatre |department= |journal=The New Yorker |volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=10 |url= |}}
  • {{cite journal |author=Barton, Ralph |authorlink= |authormask= |others=Illustrated by Ralph Barton |date=March 7, 1925 |title=La Ville Lumière |department= |journal=The New Yorker |volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=19 |url= |}}
  • {{cite journal |author=R. B. |authorlink= |authormask= |others=Illustrated by Ralph Barton |date=March 14, 1925 |title=Ibsen done right by at last : great work by The Actors' Theatre in Forty-Eighth Street |department= |journal=The New Yorker |volume=1 |issue=4 |pages=12 |url= |}}
  • {{cite journal |author=R. B. |authorlink= |authormask=1 |others=Illustrated by Ralph Barton |date=March 21, 1925 |title=Idyllic moments from the current theatre : Miss Doris Keane and Mr. Leon Errol stub their several toes |department= |journal=The New Yorker |volume=1 |issue=5 |pages=15 |url= |}}
  • {{cite journal |author=R. B. |authorlink= |authormask=1 |others=Illustrated by Ralph Barton |date=March 28, 1925 |title=Glorifying the American guffaw : a new edition of the Follies that really is new |department=The Theatre |journal=The New Yorker |volume=1 |issue=6 |pages=15 |url= |}}
  • {{cite journal |author=R. B. |authorlink= |authormask=1 |others=Illustrated by Ralph Barton |date=April 4, 1925 |title=The Actors' Theatre's third knock-out : bring your lunch and remain in your seats to see "The Wild Duck" |department=The Theatre |journal=The New Yorker |volume=1 |issue=7 |pages=15 |url= |}}

Critical studies and reviews of Barton's work

  • Bruce Kellner. The Last Dandy: Ralph Barton, American Artist, 1891-1931. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1991. {{ISBN|0-8262-0774-X}}
  • John Updike. Just Looking: Essays on Art, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1989. {{ISBN|0-394-57904-6}}

References

1. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url = https://www.loc.gov/rr/print/swann/abstracts.html|title = Abstracts for Caricature and Cartoon in Twentieth-Century America|publisher = Library of Congress|accessdate=2008-01-29}}
2. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1989/02/20/a-case-of-melancholia|title=A Case of Melancholia|last=Updike|first=John|date=1989-02-13|access-date=2019-03-09|language=en|issn=0028-792X}}
3. ^{{Cite web|url = http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1989/02/20/a-case-of-melancholia|title = A Case of Melancholia|date = February 20, 1989|accessdate = December 16, 2014|website = The New Yorker|publisher = Condé Nast|last = Updike|first = John}}
4. ^1 2 3 4 Dictionary of Missouri Biography, Lawrence O. Christensen, University of Missouri Press, 1999
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.npg.si.edu/exh/caricatures/bartcurt.htm|title = Ralph Barton theater curtain|publisher = National Portrait Gallery|accessdate = 2008-01-29}} from the exhibition Celebrity Caricature in America: Stage Folk
6. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://blogs.princeton.edu/graphicarts/2009/01/barton.html |title=Ralph Barton biography |publisher=Princeton University Library website |year=2010 |accessdate=9 July 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130809115241/http://blogs.princeton.edu/graphicarts/2009/01/barton.html |archivedate=9 August 2013 |df= }}
7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.npg.si.edu/cexh/eye/html/l_barton.htm |title=Ralph Barton: Self-portrait |publisher=National Portrait Gallery |accessdate=2008-01-29 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080529123808/http://www.npg.si.edu/cexh/eye/html/l_barton.htm |archivedate=2008-05-29 |df= }} from the exhibition Eye Contact: Modern American Portrait Drawings from the National Portrait Gallery
8. ^"Ralph Barton Ends His Life With Pistol". New York Times. May 21, 1931. p. 1
9. ^Zuck, Roy B. (2009). The Speaker's Quote Book: Over 5,000 Illustrations and Quotations for All Occasions. Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Academic & Professional. p. 129. {{ISBN|9780825441660}}.
10. ^Library of Congress catalog has 1928 for year of publication - see https://lccn.loc.gov/28014706

External links

  • {{Commonscat-inline}}
  • {{Gutenberg author | id=Barton,+Ralph+(1891-1931) | name=Ralph Barton}}
  • {{IMDb name|0059233}}
  • Exhibition of Drawings for Contes Drolatiques of Balzac, an exhibition catalog available from the Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries, containing descriptive information about the artworks.
{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Barton, Ralph}}

11 : American cartoonists|American caricaturists|American comics artists|Artists who committed suicide|The New Yorker people|The New Yorker cartoonists|People with bipolar disorder|Suicides by firearm in New York City|1891 births|1931 deaths|Artists from Kansas City, Missouri
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/9/22 6:51:53