“Rancho Rio de los Americanos”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

William Alexander Leidesdorff, U.S. Vice Consul at the Port of San Francisco, hired a farm manager and financed construction of four adobe dwellings on the site of today's River Bend Park, near Bradshaw Road and Folsom Blvd, in the city of Rancho Cordova. Leidesdorff died suddenly three years later, on May 18, 1848, at the age of 38. He was not married and had no family in California. He died intestate, leaving a large estate of property at the dawn of the California Gold Rush.

His death came twelve days before the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo and the cession of California to the United States following the Mexican-American War. Leidesdorff's vast estate passed to his mother, Anna Marie Spark,^[3] and surviving siblings, who resided in and were citizens of St. Croix, Danish West Indies, today's U.S. Virgin Islands.^[4]

Captain Joseph Libbey Folsom (1817–1855), a graduate of West Point had come to California in 1847 as Captain and Assistant Quartermaster of Jonathan D. Stevenson's 1st Regiment of New York Volunteers. He became the first Collector of the Port of San Francisco under American rule in 1848. Folsom was familiar with Leidesdorff's vast holdings and knew of his family in St. Croix.^[5] In 1849, Folsom took leave from the U.S. Army, and after stopping in New York to arrange financing, went to St. Croix, where he located some of Leidesdorff's relatives, including his mother. Anna Spark signed a note authorizing Folsom to purchase the title to her son's estate, including Leidesdorff's extensive real estate holdings in San Francisco as well as Rancho Rio de los Americanos, for $75,000, with a $5,000 down payment and the remainder to be paid in two installments.^[6] When Spark realized the true value of the estate, she refused to accept further payments or to give title to Folsom. Folsom hired the law firm of Halleck, Peachy & Billings to force Spark to accept the final payments.

The State of California Senate in 1854 made an attempt to control the estate, contending that, because Spark was not an American citizen, among other legal questions, she could not inherit property in California, and hence could not transfer it to Folsom. In 1855, the California Supreme Court ruled^[7] that Spark could inherit the properties; and therefore, the title legally passed to Folsom.^[8]

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo provided that the land grants would be honored. As required by the Land Act of 1851, Folsom filed a claim for the grant with the Public Land Commission in 1852. The claim was confirmed by the Commission in 1855 and the District Court in 1857.^[9] Although clear title was tied up in court, Folsom continued to develop the grant. In 1854, Folsom began to sell parcels of the Rancho. He renamed the former Negro Bar townsite near the river Granite City, and had lots surveyed and sold. When Folsom died suddenly at the age of 38, in 1855, one month after the Commission confirmed his title to the grant, the town was renamed Folsom.

Folsom's estate was handled by his executors, Halleck, Peachy & Billings. A survey of the grant, known as the Hays survey, was completed and approved by the Surveyor General of California. Folsom had been dead three years, when, in 1858, the Department of Interior disapproved the survey. Jacob Thompson, the Secretary of the Interior, determined that the survey did not conform to either the description of the land granted by the Mexican government, the land as shown on the Diseño, or to the decree of the Court. The District Court ordered a new survey, known as the Mandeville survey; but in 1852, it reversed itself and approved the original Hays survey. However, the United States appealed this ruling to the United States Supreme Court.^[10]

In 1857 the Natoma Water and Mining Company, founded in 1851 and engaged in granite quarrying, agriculture, gold mining and hydro-electric power, purchased {{convert|5000|acre|km2|1}} from the Folsom estate. Amos Parmalee Catlin appeared as counsel for the Natoma Water and Mining Company.^[11] The U.S. Supreme Court ruled the Hays survey valid, and the grant was patented to Joseph L. Folsom in 1864.^[12] In 1862, Horatio G. Livermore acquired the Natoma Water and Mining Company and {{convert|9000|acre|km2|1}} of Rancho Rio de los Americanos.

References

1. ^Ogden Hoffman, 1862, Reports of Land Cases Determined in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, Numa Hubert, San Francisco
2. ^Diseño del Rancho Rio de los Americanos
3. ^Also referred to as Anna Maria Spark.
4. ^Gary Palgon, 2005, William Alexander Leidesdorff: First Black Millionaire, American Consul and California Pioneer, Lulu.com, {{ISBN|1-4116-4625-8}}
5. ^Tohler vs Folsom, Reports of cases determined in the Supreme Court of the State of California, 1850, Volume 1, pp 207-213, Bancroft-Whitney Company
6. ^Debi Drake-Maurer, Captain Folsom: Soldier of Misfortune
7. ^People ex rel. Attorney-General vs. Joseph L. Folsom, Reports of cases determined in the Supreme Court of the State of California, 1855, Volume 5, pp 373-380, Bancroft-Whitney Company
8. ^Robert Ernest Cowan, 1928, The Leidesdorff-Folsom Estate: A Forgotten Chapter in the Romantic History of Early San Francisco, San Francisco:California Historical Society, 1928, 11; Meredith Eliassen,A Colored Mosaic:The Vibrant African American Community in Antebellum San Francisco, California State Library Foundation, Bulletin Number 84, pp 11-12
9. ^United States. District Court (California : Northern District) Land Case 359 ND
10. ^United States v. Halleck et al, 1864, US Supreme Court, 68 US 439
11. ^Oscar Tully Shuck, 1888, Bench and bar in California: History, anecdotes, reminscences,{{ISBN|978-1-110-64548-0}}
12. ^Report of the Surveyor General 1844 - 1886 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130320000647/http://www.slc.ca.gov/Misc_Pages/Historical/Surveyors_General/reports/Willey_1884_1886.pdf |date=2013-03-20 }}