| 释义 |
Cotton commerce Success Decline Civil War Fortifications Destruction - Geography and climate Geography Landscape Roads Waterways Earthquakes Climate
- Economy
- Culture Churches Randolph United Methodist Church Randolph Assembly of God Randolph Bluff Historic Park Girl Scouts Heart of the South
- Cemeteries
- Postal
- Notable natives
- See also
- References
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Randolph, Tennessee
|settlement_type = Unincorporated community
|image_skyline = Randolph_TN_United_Methodist_Church.jpg
|image_caption = Randolph United Methodist Church (2008)
|pushpin_map = Tennessee#USA
|pushpin_label_position = none
|pushpin_map_caption = Location in the state of Tennessee
|pushpin_mapsize =
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = {{flag|United States}}
|subdivision_type1 = State
|subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Tennessee}}
|subdivision_type2 = Counties
|subdivision_name2 = Tipton
|government_footnotes =
|government_type =
|leader_title =
|leader_name =
|leader_title1 =
|leader_name1 =
|established_title = Founded
|established_date = 1820s
|area_magnitude =
|unit_pref =
|area_footnotes =
|area_total_km2 =
|area_land_km2 =
|area_water_km2 =
|area_total_sq_mi =
|area_land_sq_mi =
|area_water_sq_mi =
|area_water_percent =
|elevation_footnotes =[1]|elevation_ft = 315|elevation_max_ft =|elevation_min_ft =|population_as_of = 2008|population_footnotes =[|population_note =|population_total = ca. 200|population_density_km2 = |population_density_sq_mi =|timezone = CST|utc_offset = -6|timezone_DST = CDT|utc_offset_DST = -5|coor_pinpoint = |coordinates = {{coord|35|30|59|N|89|53|19|W|display=inline,title}}|postal_code_type = ZIP code |postal_code = 38015 (Burlison, Tennessee)|area_code = 901 (Memphis metro area)|website =|footnotes =}}Randolph is a rural unincorporated community in Tipton County, Tennessee, United States, located on the banks of the Mississippi River. Randolph was founded in the 1820s and in 1827, the Randolph post office was established. In the 1830s, the town became an early center of river commerce in West Tennessee. Randolph shipped more cotton annually than Memphis until 1840. In 1834, the first pastor of the Methodist congregation was appointed. The fortunes of the community began to decline in the late 1840s due to failed railroad development, an unfavorable mail route and other factors. The first Confederate States Army fort in Tennessee was built at Randolph early in the Civil War in 1861, a second fortification at Randolph was constructed later that same year. During the Civil War, the town was burned down twice by Union Army forces.The settlement is located on the second Chickasaw Bluff, the landscape is dominated by valleys carved into the soil as a product of erosion. The surface soil is composed mostly of silt loam, derived from eroded loess, and is found in different qualities and at different stages of erosion. The stratum beneath the surface consists of glacial gravel. Randolph is situated on the southeastern edge of the New Madrid Seismic Zone, an area with a high earthquake risk. Between 1974 and 2004, forty-five earthquakes were recorded in a radius of {{convert|20|mi|km|0}} around the settlement. Located in the humid subtropical climate zone, the climate is characterized by hot, humid summers and chilly to mild winters.In 2008, Randolph Bluff Historic Park was dedicated. The park is intended to promote the Civil War history of the community and make the unique views of the Mississippi River available to a wider public. As of 2008, Randolph has a population of about 200 and consists of about two dozen dwellings. The economy of the rural community is dominated by agriculture with no major industries and businesses present. The Girl Scouts Heart of the South operates a camp at Randolph.{{TOC limit}}==History=={{Main article|History of Randolph, Tennessee}}===European settlement===Around 1800, Europeans began settling the land east of the Mississippi River that was inhabited by the Chickasaw Indians for centuries prior to the arrival of Europeans. Chickasaw land in West Tennessee and southwestern Kentucky was ceded in the Jackson Purchase.][{{cite web |url=http://www.utm.edu/departments/acadpro/library/departments/special_collections/wc_hist/jackpur.htm |title=Jackson Purchase |accessdate=2008-10-24 |publisher=excerpt from The Kentucky Encyclopedia edited by John E. Kleber |year=1992 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006195419/http://www.utm.edu/departments/acadpro/library/departments/special_collections/wc_hist/jackpur.htm |archivedate=2008-10-06 }}]
3. ^{{cite web |url=http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/imagegallery.php?EntryID=T111 |title=Treaties |accessdate=2008-10-24 |publisher=Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090512201732/http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/imagegallery.php?EntryID=T111 |archivedate=2009-05-12 |df= }}
4. ^1 {{cite book |title=Tennessee Frontiers: Three Regions in Transition |last=Finger |first=John R. |year=2001 |publisher=Indiana University Press |location=Bloomington, Indiana |page=257 |isbn=0-253-33985-5 }}
5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite news| first = Perre| last = Magness| title = Randolph dominated early river towns| format = History column| publisher = The Commercial Appeal, Memphis, Tennessee| location = Memphis, Tennessee| page = N2| date = September 15, 1988}}
6. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 {{cite web |url=http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/imagegallery.php?EntryID=T097 |title=TN Encyclopedia: Tipton County |accessdate=2008-10-04 |publisher=The Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090616060404/http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/imagegallery.php?EntryID=T097 |archivedate=2009-06-16 |df= }}
7. ^{{cite book| last = Adams| first = Henry| title = John Randolph| year = 1898| publisher = Houghton, Mifflin and Company| location = Boston, Massachusetts}}
8. ^1 {{Cite journal| title = Covington-Tipton County Community Guide| place = Covington, Tennessee| publisher = Tipton County Chamber of Commerce| year = 2005}}
9. ^1 {{Cite book| title = Tennessee Historical Markers| place = Nashville, Tennessee| publisher = Tennessee Historical Commission| year = 1996| edition = 8th| page = 288| isbn = 0-87402-021-2}}
10. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book |title=History of Tennessee: The Making of a State |last=Phelan |first=James |year=1888 |publisher=Houghton, Mifflin and Company |location=Boston, Massachusetts|pages=307–308, 313 }}
11. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.tennessee.gov/tsla/history/newspapers/paper-r.htm |title=Newspapers on Microfilm at TSLA |accessdate=2008-10-08 |publisher=Tennessee State Library and Archives }}
12. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.mchistory.org/blackHistory/boykin.html |title=McLean County Museum of History - Robert & Lillian Boykin (Transcription of Oral History) |accessdate=2009-01-21 |last=Pratt |first=Mildred |date=13 January 1986 |publisher=McLean County Museum of History, Bloomington, Illinois |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080708140200/http://www.mchistory.org/blackHistory/boykin.html |archivedate=8 July 2008 |df= }}
13. ^{{Cite web |url=http://spiny.com/runaway/ |title=Runaway Slave Blog |accessdate=15 January 2009 |work=Transcription of microfilm documents, incl. the Randolph Recorder (1834-1836) |publisher=Naomi Van Tol |year=2006}}
14. ^{{cite web |title=memphisRegion.com - History of the region |url=http://www.memphisregion.com/pdf/Mem09_His+Inf.pdf |accessdate=October 11, 2008 }}
15. ^{{cite web|title=Pro-secessionist proposal to construct a fort at Randolph, Tennessee, on the Mississippi River |url=http://tennessee.civilwarsourcebook.com/collection/1861-01/1861-01-Article-6-Page9.pdf |accessdate=October 5, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5lob0MS0X?url=http://tennessee.civilwarsourcebook.com/collection/1861-01/1861-01-Article-6-Page9.pdf |archivedate=December 6, 2009 }}
16. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/imagegallery.php?EntryID=F051 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20070610103649/http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/imagegallery.php?EntryID=F051 |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2007-06-10 |title=TN Encyclopedia: Fort Wright |accessdate=2008-10-05 |publisher=The Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture }}
17. ^{{cite book| last = Konstam| first = Angus|author2=Field, Ron | title = American Civil war fortifications| year = 2003| publisher = Osprey Publishing| location = Oxford, England| page = 18| isbn = 1-84603-194-X}}
18. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.civilwarhome.com/forrestcampaigns.htm |title=Lieutenant General Nathan Bedford Forrest And His Campaigns |accessdate=2009-01-22 |author=From an address by General J.R. Charlmers in 1879 |work=Southern Historical Society Papers, Vol. VII. Richmond, Virginia, October 1879, No. 10 |publisher=Southern Historical Society Papers}}
19. ^{{cite book| last = Elliot| first = Sam Davis| title = Soldier of Tennessee: General Alexander P. Stewart and the Civil War in the West| year = 2004| publisher = LSU Press| location = Baton Rouge, Louisiana| page = 19| isbn = 0-8071-2970-4}}
20. ^1 2 3 {{cite news |first=A. H. |last= Foote |title= The Evacuation of Columbus. The Town Reduced to a Heap of Ruins by the Rebels. Their Retreat to Fort Randolph (...) - (Dispatch from Flag-Officer Foote)|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1862/03/05/78680220.pdf |work= |publisher=The New York Times |date=March 5, 1862 |accessdate=10 January 2009 | format=PDF}}
21. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.eachtown.com/place.php/id/1646819 |title=Tennessee Places, Fort Randolph (historical) |accessdate=2008-10-07 |publisher=eachTown.com }}
22. ^{{cite book| last = Grimsley| first = Mark| title = The Hard Hand of War: Union Military Policy Toward Southern Civilians, 1861-1865| publisher = Cambridge University Press| location = Cambridge, England| year = 1997| pages = 114–115| isbn = 0-521-59941-5 }}
23. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.historynet.com/william-t-shermans-first-campaign-of-destruction.htm/5 |title=William T. Sherman's First Campaign of Destruction |accessdate=11 December 2008 |publisher=HistoryNet.com }}
24. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.maplandia.com/united-states/tennessee/tipton-county/randolph/ |title=Randolph Map |accessdate=2008-10-01 |publisher=MapLandia.com }}
25. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/WebSoilSurvey.aspx |title=Web Soil Survey |accessdate=2009-01-22 |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) - Natural Resources Conservation Service }}
26. ^Percentages derived from the USDA soil survey represent ca. {{convert|6700|acre|km2}}, centered approximately at Randolph United Methodist Church. Area covered by water excludes the Mississippi River
27. ^{{cite journal| doi = 10.1017/S001675680017164X| last = Richthofen| first = F. von| title = On the mode of origin of the loess| journal = The Geological Magazine, Decade II| volume = 9| issue = 7| pages = 293–305| publisher = Cambridge University Press| location = Cambridge, England| year = 1882}}
28. ^{{cite book | first = Ray | last = Knox | title = The New Madrid Fault Finders Guide | year = 1995 | publisher = Gutenberg Richter Publications | location=Marble Hill, Missouri | page=57 | isbn = 0-934426-42-2}}
29. ^{{cite web | title=Old Randolph Rd, Memphis, Tennessee | url=https://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=Old+Randolph+Rd+Memphis+TN&sll=35.211499,-90.057105&sspn=0.01087,0.022745&ie=UTF8&z=16 | publisher=Google Maps | accessdate=2009-03-26}}
30. ^{{cite web | title=Personal Property Report Card - Fullen Dock & Warehouse, Inc. | url=http://www.assessor.shelby.tn.us/PersonalPropertyPRC.aspx?id=P056336&ReturnUrl=http%3a%2f%2fwww.assessor.shelby.tn.us%2fPersonalPropertySearch.aspx%3fAccountID%3d%26PRCYear%3d2010%26Company%3dfullen+dock%26StreetNumber%3d%26StreetName%3d%26PPOYear%3d2010 | publisher=Shelby County Assessor of Property | accessdate=2010-06-27}}
31. ^{{cite web | title=Fullen Dock & Warehouse, Inc. | url=http://www.fullendock.com/contact.html | publisher=Fullen Dock & Warehouse, Inc. | accessdate=2010-06-27 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100930164913/http://www.fullendock.com/contact.html | archivedate=2010-09-30 | df= }}
32. ^1 {{Cite web |url=http://www.tdot.state.tn.us/Maps/county/co84.pdf |title=Tipton County, TN Highway Map |accessdate=12 January 2009 |publisher= Tennessee Department of Transportation }}
33. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.usace.army.mil |title=US Army Corps of Engineers |accessdate=14 January 2009 |work= |publisher=United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)|date=}}
34. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.governmentcontractswon.com/department/defense/randolph-tipton-tennessee.asp?yr=07 |title=Randolph, Tennessee (Tipton County) - Government Contracts - Defense Contracts by Place of Performance for 2007 |accessdate=14 January 2009 |publisher=GovernmentContractswon.com }}
35. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.luhr.com/l_b_i__projects.htm |title=Luhr Bros., Inc. (L.B.I.) Jobsites |accessdate=2009-01-22 |publisher=Luhr Bros., Inc. - Contractors |location=Columbia, Illinois |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724110550/http://www.luhr.com/l_b_i__projects.htm |archivedate=July 24, 2008 }}
36. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mvm.usace.army.mil/contracting/EBS/ViewSolicitation.asp?SolicitationNumber=W912EQ-07-B-0005&RegisterOption=False |title=United States Army Corps of Engineers - Contracting - View Solicitation |accessdate=2009-01-22 |publisher=United States Army Corps of Engineers, Memphis District |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090109094407/http://www.mvm.usace.army.mil/contracting/Ebs/ViewSolicitation.asp?SolicitationNumber=W912EQ-07-B-0005&RegisterOption=False |archivedate=January 9, 2009 }}
37. ^1 {{cite web | title=Navigation Bulletin No. 2 of 2006 | url=http://www.mvm.usace.army.mil/river/navigation_misc/Nav06_Binder211.pdf | work= | publisher=United States Army Corps of Engineers, Memphis District | date=November 13, 2006 | accessdate=2009-03-25}}
38. ^1 {{Cite web |url=http://quake.wr.usgs.gov/prepare/factsheets/NewMadrid/ |title=The Mississippi Valley - "Whole Lotta Shakin' Goin' On" |accessdate=12 January 2009 |publisher=United States Geological Survey (USGS) }}
39. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.memphis.edu/riverproject/day5.php |title=Mississippi River Project - A Seismic Experiment in the Mississippi River Embayment: Day 5 (Randolph Landing and Shelby Forest) |accessdate=2009-01-22 |publisher=The University of Memphis |location=Memphis, Tennessee|year=2008 }}
40. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://folkworm.ceri.memphis.edu/catalogs/html/cat_nm.html |title=New Madrid Earthquake Catalog Search |accessdate=2009-02-18 |work=Seismic Data from CERI |publisher=Center for Earthquake Research and Information (CERI)}}
41. ^Center for Earthquake Research and Information (CERI) - New Madrid Earthquake Catalog Search Results of a radial search centered at latitude 35.5166 and longitude -89.8886 with a search radius of 16 km (ca. 10 mi).
42. ^Center for Earthquake Research and Information (CERI) - New Madrid Earthquake Catalog Search Results of a radial search centered at latitude 35.5166 and longitude -89.8886 with a search radius of 32 km (ca. 20 mi).
43. ^{{cite web |url=http://commercialappeal.com/news/2009/jan/16/small-earthquake-reported-near-covington/?partner=RSS |title=Small earthquake reported near Covington: Local News |accessdate=2009-01-17 |publisher=The Commercial Appeal, Memphis, Tennessee |date=January 16, 2009 }}
44. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://folkworm.ceri.memphis.edu/recenteqs/Quakes/nm955.html |archive-url=https://archive.is/20090402065425/http://folkworm.ceri.memphis.edu/recenteqs/Quakes/nm955.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=April 2, 2009 |title=Recent Earthquakes in Central U.S. - Magnitude 2.8 - Tennessee |accessdate=2009-02-17 |publisher=Center for Earthquake Research and Information (CERI)|date=January 16, 2009 }}
45. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.tdot.state.tn.us/ |title=Tennessee Department of Transportation |accessdate=2009-01-15 |publisher=Tennessee Department of Transportation, Gerald Nicely, Commissioner }}
46. ^{{cite book | title=The Times Atlas of the World | year=1993 | publisher=Times Books | location=New York |isbn=0-7230-0492-7}}
47. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USTN0065?from=36hr_bottomnav_undeclared |title=Monthly Averages for Randolph, Tennessee (measured at Burlison) |accessdate=2009-02-17 |year=2009 |publisher=The Weather Channel }}
48. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/13thamendment.html |title=13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Primary Documents of American History (Virtual Programs & Services, Library of Congress) |accessdate=2009-01-16 |publisher=The Library of Congress, Digital Reference Section }}
49. ^1 2 {{Cite journal| title = Randolph United Methodist Church| work = Historical marker at Randolph United Methodist Church| year = 1983| place = Randolph, Tennessee| publisher = Erected by the Memphis Commission on Archives and History}}
50. ^{{cite web |url=http://archives.umc.org/Directory/ChurchDetails.asp?mid=222&FAC=39122 |title=Meet the people of Randolph United Methodist Church |accessdate=2009-01-18 |publisher=The United Methodist Church |year=2008 }}
51. ^{{cite web|title=Tennessee Church Directory |url=http://www.tnaog.org/church-directory-temp.html |publisher=Tennessee District Assemblies of God |accessdate=2009-03-28 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090322113242/http://tnaog.org/church-directory-temp.html |archivedate=March 22, 2009 }}
52. ^{{cite web | title=Randolph Assembly of God | url=http://www.manta.com/coms2/dnbcompany_pgzbh | publisher=Dun & Bradstreet, Inc | year=2008 | accessdate=2009-03-28}}
53. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.commercialappeal.com/news/2008/oct/10/nonprofit-dedicates-randolph-park/ |title=Tennessee Parks and Greenways Foundation dedicates Randolph Bluff Historic Park in Tipton County |accessdate=2008-10-11 |publisher=The Commercial Appeal, Memphis, Tennessee }}
54. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.friendsforourriverfront.org/2009/01/randolph-2nd-chickasaw-bluff-protected.html |title=Friends of Our Riverfront: Randolph - 2nd Chickasaw Bluff Protected & Dedicated as a Park |accessdate=2009-01-21 |publisher=Friends of Our Riverfront, Memphis, Tennessee |date=13 January 2009 }}
55. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.commercialappeal.com/news/2010/jul/25/good-looks-r/ |title=Good looks: Conservation efforts making a scene of Mississippi's bluff-top vistas |accessdate=2010-08-29 |publisher=The Commercial Appeal, Memphis, Tennessee }}
56. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.girlscoutsheartofthesouth.org |title=Girl Scouts Heart of the South |accessdate=15 January 2009 |publisher=Girl Scouts Heart of the South, Memphis, Tennessee |year=2008}}
57. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.tngenweb.org/records/cemeteries/index.php?table_name=DT_Cemetery&function=details&where_field=cem_id&where_value=1296352 |title=Old Randolph Cemetery, Tipton Co. TN |accessdate=2008-12-11 |publisher=TNGenWeb }}
58. ^{{cite web |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=McClerkin+lane,+Burlison,+TN&sll=35.512535,-89.858186&sspn=0.005449,0.011362&ie=UTF8&hq=&hnear=McClerkin+Ln,+Burlison,+Tipton,+Tennessee+38015&ll=35.521809,-89.878979&spn=0.005449,0.011362&z=17 |title=Historic Randolph Cemetery |accessdate=2010-06-26 |publisher=Google Maps}}
59. ^1 {{cite book |title=Notes on Randolph, TN |last=Wade |first=William J. |year=1949 |location=Memphis, Tennessee }}
60. ^{{cite web |url=http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1650737 |title=Randolph Post Office (historical)|accessdate=2010-05-25 |work=Geographic Names Information System |publisher=United States Geological Survey }}
61. ^{{cite web |url=http://usps.com |title=USPS ZIP Code Lookup|accessdate=2008-10-02 |work= |publisher=United States Postal Service |date= }}
62. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.allareacodes.com/tennessee_area_codes.htm#901 |title=Tennessee Area Codes |accessdate=2008-10-01 |publisher=AllAreaCodes.com }}
63. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fmi30 |title=Handbook of Texas Online - Miller, William Parsons| author=Craig H. Roell |accessdate=2009-01-17 |publisher=Texas State Historical Association, distributed in partnership with the University of North Texas |year=2008 }}
64. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fmacf |title=Handbook of Texas Online - Martin, William Clyde| author=Walter N. Vernon |accessdate=2009-01-18 |publisher=Texas State Historical Association, distributed in partnership with the University of North Texas |year=2008 }}
65. ^{{cite book |title=Prominent Personalities in American Methodism |last=Howell |first=Clinton T. |year=1945 |publisher=The Lowry Press |location=Birmingham, Alabama }}
{{Tipton County, Tennessee}}{{Memphis, Tennessee}}{{Good article}} 6 : Randolph, Tennessee|Memphis metropolitan area|Tennessee populated places on the Mississippi River|Unincorporated communities in Tipton County, Tennessee|Unincorporated communities in Tennessee|1820s establishments in Tennessee |