“Malay College Kuala Kangsar”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

It was awarded Cluster School of Excellence title by the Ministry of Education (Malaysia). Since 2010, the school was awarded with the Sekolah Berprestasi Tinggi or High Performance School^[5] title, a title awarded to Malaysian top schools that have met stringent criteria including academic achievement, strength of alumni, international recognition, network and linkages. The school has been selected as International Baccalaurate (IB) World School for Diploma Programme since 2011 and Middle Years Programme since 2016. It offers both national curriculum (PT3 and SPM) while implementing IB curriculum standards. MCKK is also a member of an international organisation of best secondary schools in the world called Global Alliance of Leading-Edge Schools led by Raffles Institution of Singapore. About 10% of current students are with public & private scholarships, such as Bank Negara Malaysia, Telekom Malaysia, Yayasan Peneraju Pendidikan Bumiputera and many more.

The school is one of the only two boarding school in Malaysia (the other is Sekolah Alam Shah, under the patronage of HRH Sultan of Selangor) that are under royal patronage.^[6] The school's patron is the Conference of Rulers. As an institution under the royal patronage of Conference of Rulers, the school receives royal visits from His Majesty Yang di-Pertuan Agong, King of Malaysia every five years and every year from HRH Sultan of Perak as school's board chairman. The board members are also appointed by the Conference.

The school is specialized in rugby, basketball and leadership.^[7] It currently leads Malaysian schools in robotics & education innovation.

History

Malay College Kuala Kangsar (MCKK) is the first fully residential school in Malaysia.^[8] Established on 2 January 1905, it was originally known as the Malay Residential School of Kuala Kangsar.

The school was the brainchild of R J Wilkinson, inspector of schools for the Federated Malay States. In a letter to the resident-general dated 24 February 1904 he wrote about "establishing at a suitable locality in the F.M.S., a special residential school for the education of Malays of good family and for the training of Malay boys for admission to certain branches of Government service".

Its formation was supported by the rulers of the Federated Malay States: Sultan Idris Murshidul ‘Adzam Shah I of Perak, Sultan Alaiddin Sulaiman Shah of Selangor, Yam Tuan Tuanku Muhammad Shah of Negeri Sembilan and Sultan Ahmad Mu’adzam Shah of Pahang.

William Hargreaves, headmaster of Penang Free School, was appointed as the first headmaster to lead the establishment of the school with 40 pioneering students. Since 1965, the Malay College has been led by Malay headmasters.

As it was founded to educate the Malay elite, being royal children and the sons of Malay nobility, few of its early students were from commoner families. However, during Tun Abdul Razak Hussein's tenure as Minister of Education in 1947, as a result of rising Malay nationalism, he democratized the intake. This is mainly because of his experience as an alumnus there, where he found out the aristocrats that gained admittance to this college were mainly below par compared to their less-privileged peers in Victoria Institution and Raffles Institution. Their status as aristocrats had caused them to not be independent and to have no willingness to strive for a better future.^[9] Today, only selected Malay boys aged 13 to 17 from around Malaysia are educated there.

The Straits Echo on 15 April 1905 reported that a few boys were placed in cozy dormitories in Hargreaves’ rented house, while the others were stabled in small houses formerly occupied by the Malayan Railway clerks. The second half of the school, conducted by Mr Vanrenen was held in a fowl house. There were 40 boys in the first intake.

The sanction for the building of a permanent school became official on 23 December 1905; by 1 May 1909, the Big School was first brought into use. On Saturday, 11 December 1909, the Big School was officially opened by the Sultan of Perak, and the auspicious date also marked the change in the name of the school from the Malay Residential School of Kuala Kangsar to the Malay College of Kuala Kangsar.^[11]

The change seems to have seen greater emphasis on the original aim of MCKK. A report from 1910 said: "From this school the Government have great hopes that the sons of Malays of the Raja and higher class will be educated and trained on the lines of an English Public School and be fitted to take a share in the Government of their Country."

Since its inception, more than 5,000 boys (and 2 girls^[12]) have entered the gates of MCKK. The first Malay College Magazine was published in 1939. The compulsory white uniforms were introduced in 1949, before that, the students wore Malay dress. The Koleq samping designed and woven in Terengganu consisting of black, yellow and red (with resultant overlapping colours) was introduced in 1939 to be worn with white Malay baju & seluar and black kopiah was made the optional Malay uniform. It was only made compulsory in 1959 by the last British Headmaster, NJ Ryan.

The Headmaster changed the names of the 3 Houses (Rookies, Heads and Wheelies) to the four names of FMS Rulers in 1905. He was the same Headmaster who personally raised the UMNO flag on Federation Day, 01,02,1948, when the Koleq boys assembled to celebrate the demise of the Malayan Union and to sing the "new Malay National Anthem" as described by Hashim Sam Latiff. Koleq adopt (& perhaps adapt) that tune to be the MCKK Anthem using the words in the Ode to the MCKK penned by teacher-cum-poet/writer/composer Anthony Burgess. His words, turned into lyrics for the anthem, manifests the meaning of Fiat Sapientia Virtus.

In October 1989, the Queen, HM Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh visited the school.^[13]

In 2004, the college was made under purview of the rulers with then HRH Crown Prince of Perak, Raja Dr Nazrin Shah was appointed as board chairman.^[14]

The college celebrated its centenary on 26 March 2005, attended by dignitaries, old boys, and townspeople. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia attended the event, along with the royal rulers of the states of Perak, Selangor and Negeri Sembilan as well as the governor of Malacca.The college were also proclaimed as the Heritage Institution of Culture and Country.^[15]

On 10 June 2006, Emperor Akihito and Empress Michiko of Japan visited the school. The monarchs had promised to visit the school in the 1990s.^[16]

Since 30 May 2007, the Malaysian Ministry of Education has recognized MCKK as a cluster school.^[17]^[18]

In 2010, the school have been selected to be among the first High Performing Schools while in 2013, the Prep School celebrated its centenary.^[19]

MCKK has also hosted two international events, which are The Malay College Youth Development Summit^[20] since 2008 until now, and The Malay College Rugby Premier Sevens since 2011.^[21] Both events consist of international schools across the globe such as Southeast Asian countries like Singapore, Indonesia and Thailand together with premier schools from India, South Korea, South Africa and Australia.

Buildings

The most recognizable feature of the school is the Big School (built in 1909), a building with pseudo Greco-Roman architecture fronted by a rugby field. The school is built to accommodate 100 students initially, but in 1910, there were 139 boys in the School Register, 124 of them boarders. Thus, the planning for the construction of the Preparatory School was considered and it was referred to as the Sekolah Kechil. The block was completed by 1913 when it took in its first boarders. It was then referred to as the Prep school. It admitted boys who had completed Standard 4 and were being "prepared" for secondary school boarding experience by completing their Standard 5 and Form Remove at the Prep School.^[22] In 1955, the West and East Wing, as well as the administration block and Clock Tower were added. The administrative block (New School) was opened by High Commissioner for the Federation of Malaya, Donald MacGillivray, in 1955. The West and the East Wing, with the original Big School, make up what is now called the Big School. Dorms 1-6 are located in the East Wing, 7-16 in the Overfloor and 17-22 in the West Wing. Two more hostel blocks, the Pavilion and New Hostel were built in 1963 and 1972 respectively; the latter houses second former. Another prominent feature of the school is the Big Tree, a rain tree (Samanea saman) in front of the East Wing that is said to be as old as the original Big School itself.

Houses

From a time gap between 1947 till 2018, Mohd Shah has the most wins for Best House with a winning rate of 34%, followed with Sulaiman 24%, Ahmad with 24% and Idris with 18%. The table shows the current apartment for 2019. Pavilion is currently under renovation since January 2018, as part of the Big School Restoration Project.

Tuesday Activities

Usually every Tuesday, co-curricular activities are held. There are two types of co-curricular activities which are club & societies and uniformed bodies. Every student has to wear their uniformed body uniforms on Tuesday. The uniformed bodies that are present in the school is Malay College Wind Orchestra, Persatuan Kadet Bersatu Malaysia, Malaysian Red Crescent Society, Scout, Malaysian Fire Brigade Cadet and Kadet Remaja Sekolah Malaysia.

Sports

The school has four sports areas. The main field is in front of the Big School, equipped with two fields reserved for rugby, soccer ("the Big Field"). The Big Field also doubles as a cricket pitch with the crease running along the football pitch longside. To the east of Big School, sits three basketball courts, two immediately north of the East Wing and the Tun Haniff Court alongside the pathway between East Wing and the New Hostel. The main volleyball court is located in front of the East Wing and two other volleyball courts located next to West Wing and Pavilion. A squash court sits immediately north of Dorm 3/4. There is also a gymnasium within the New School block, sitting next to the Prep School basketball court, and the Prep School football pitch. A short course swimming pool on the west of the Big School accommodates the water polo team and hosts the annual swimming gala. Next to it is Arena 72, a futsal court. In front of the main gate is a slanting perch of grass slightly smaller than a full football pitch and house Padang C where collegians play football during games hours.

The college ground is the only place in Malaysia where an Eton Fives court is found. The court is located on the south side of the Big School, nearby the IB World School campus. With the introduction of squash in 1938, Eton Fives began to lose popularity at the school until it was not played at all. Since a trip in August 2014 by two top English players the game's popularity has grown and more students are now playing again. Today, the students compete annually in The Schools National Championships, United Kingdom at Highgate School, Eton College and Shrewsbury School.

The school excels in sports and debate. It became a powerhouse in Rugby Union during the 1960s and still has one of the best rugby school teams in the nation.^[23] Nicknamed "All-Blacks" after the New Zealand national team for its all black strip, they perform the haka before matches. Traditionally, it has held a match series against the Vajiravudh College of Thailand since 1960. In odd-numbered years, the match is held in Kuala Kangsar. In even-numbered years, it is held in Bangkok. In addition to this, MCKK competes with its prominent rivals every year in a multi-games carnival.

The school basketball team is called MCKK Cagers and won Piala Hamdan Tahir, the boarding-schools basketball championship, 17 times since 1977.^[24]^[25] MCKK debate teams have won Piala Perdana Menteri, the boarding-schools national debate, five times for Bahasa Melayu and twice for Bahasa Inggeris.

Rivalries

MCKK has over the years established academic and sports rivalries with several other premier schools, most notably Royal Military College, Victoria Institution, both in the capital Kuala Lumpur, King Edward VII School of Taiping, Sekolah Alam Shah in Putrajaya, and its neighbour, Clifford Secondary School.

Coat of arms

The shield is quartered, coloured white (argent) in the first quarter, red (gules) in the second, black (sable) in the third and yellow (or) in the fourth.

The colors represent the four houses into which the students are grouped: Idris (white), Sulaiman (red), Mohd Shah (yellow) and Ahmad (black).

In the middle of the shield is a red kris, a traditional Malay dagger. On top of the crest is a head of a tiger which is the symbol of the Federation of Malaya. Surrounding the left and right side of the shield are laurel wreaths symbolizing excellence. The school motto is Fiat Sapientia Virtus, which is Latin for "Manliness Through Wisdom".

Notable alumni

The alumni association of MCKK is known as the Malay College Old Boys' Association (MCOBA) and it was established in 1929. In 2009, the association enrolled its first non-Malay member, Liew Yong Choon.^[26]

To this date, seven Yang di-Pertuan Agong out of thirteen that have resided the throne were its alumni (including a Lord President of the Supreme Court) and a Sultan of Brunei. Out of the four states that have Yang di-Pertua Negeri, two states have had at least one alumnus reside in office. The father of Malay nationalism and the founder of Malaysia's largest party is also an alumnus. A Prime Minister and a Deputy Prime Minister (who later on became Leader of the Opposition) received their education in the college. The college also has produced two Speakers of the Dewan Rakyat. The college's Old Boys also gain their presence in economy, education, law, armed forces and art.^[27]

The novelist and composer Anthony Burgess (1917–93), author of The Long Day Wanes: A Malayan Trilogy, was a master at MCKK. He taught English and history and was housemaster at King's Pavilion, between 1956 and 1957, during the headmastership of J.D.R. "Jimmy" Howell.^[28] According to Burgess' This Man & Music, he wrote some music there under the influence of the country, notably Sinfoni Melayu for orchestra and brass band, which included cries of Merdeka (independence) from the audience. No score of any, however, has been delivered to posterity.^[29] The "Ode: Celebration for a Malay College", Burgess had written for the college's 50th anniversary in 1955, "was swiftly expunged from the school's choral repertoire", when "within months ... he had to leave the school after falling out with the headmaster, JD Howell. The following year Burgess published his first novel, Time for a Tiger. A thinly veiled account of his time at Kuala Kangsar, it so cruelly caricatured Howell and his colleagues that, as Burgess recalled in his autobiography, some of those who deemed themselves traduced 'sought advice about libel' from a local lawyer. The verses of the Ode have survived but not Burgess' original melody.^[30]

The alumni association is based in the Penthouse of the MCOBA building on Jalan Syed Putra, Kuala Lumpur.

Headmasters

See also

References

1. ^{{citeweb|title=Directory: Malay College Kuala Kangsar|url=http://www.ibo.org/en/school/006009|publisher=International Baccalaureate Organisation}}
2. ^Maktab Melayu Kuala Kangsar, arkib.gov.my
3. ^Kecemerlangan sekolah satu gender, Utusan Online
4. ^{{cite web |url=http://mynewshub.my/eng/2012/06/rpk-on-mckk-what-happened-in-those-100-years/ |archive-url=https://archive.is/20130628022036/http://mynewshub.my/eng/2012/06/rpk-on-mckk-what-happened-in-those-100-years/ |dead-url=yes |archive-date=28 June 2013 |title=MyNewsHub | RPK: What Happened In Those 100 Years? |publisher=Mynewshub.my |date=29 June 2012 |accessdate=6 December 2013 }}
5. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2005/03/27/mckk-declared-a-national-heritage-by-king-in-elaborate-ceremony/|title=Archives; The Star Online|last=Baharom|first=Raslan|date=27 March 2005|website=|publisher=Thestar.com.my|accessdate=6 December 2013}}
6. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2005/03/27/mckk-declared-a-national-heritage-by-king-in-elaborate-ceremony/|title=MCKK declared a national heritage by King in elaborate ceremony - Nation {{!}} The Star Online|website=www.thestar.com.my|access-date=2017-11-04}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.pemandu.gov.my/gtp/upload/78971400-f8d4-4956-a277-f77fde8bbd8c.pdf|title=Improving Student Outcome|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105212656/http://www.pemandu.gov.my/gtp/upload/78971400-f8d4-4956-a277-f77fde8bbd8c.pdf|archivedate=5 November 2013|work=Pemandu}}
8. ^{{Cite web|url=https://web.malaysia-students.com/boarding-schools-residential-schools-in-malaysia|title=Boarding Schools / Residential Schools in Malaysia - Malaysia Students Web|website=web.malaysia-students.com|access-date=2017-11-04}}
9. ^Paridah(2009), p. 3
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.kosmo.com.my/kosmo/content.asp?y=2010&dt=0921&pub=Kosmo&sec=Rencana_Utama&pg=ru_01.htm|title=Kosmo! Online - Rencana Utama|publisher=}}
11. ^{{cite web|author=Oleh Mohd. Azli Adlan |url=http://www.kosmo.com.my/kosmo/content.asp?y=2010&dt=0921&pub=Kosmo&sec=Rencana_Utama&pg=ru_01.htm |title=Kosmo! Online - Rencana Utama |publisher=Kosmo.com.my |date= |accessdate= 6 December 2013}}
12. ^{{cite news|title=Malay College Kuala Kangsar's first female student dies |url=http://www.nst.com.my/news/2016/08/167861/malay-college-kuala-kangsars-first-female-student-dies|accessdate=24 August 2016|agency=New Straits Times|date=24 August 2016}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zxKLiRMVga0C&pg=PA431&lpg=PA431&dq=TAN+SRI+RAZALI+ISMAIL+MCKK&source=bl&ots=f3JEqYcEXk&sig=GVjioer9v79hBMrB-58cKWkYwJA&hl=en&sa=X&ei=htk0U4ObK8eIrQe9xYHQBg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=TAN%20SRI%20RAZALI%20ISMAIL%20MCKK&f=false|title=MCKK Impressions, 1905-2005|work=google.com.my|accessdate=22 September 2015}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nst.com.my/nation/general/mckk-veterans-honoured-1.97441|title=Nation|work=NST Online|accessdate=22 September 2015}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://melayuonline.com/eng/news/read/8656/mckk-brought-change-to-malay-education-system|title=MCKK Brought Change To Malay Education System|work=melayuonline.com|accessdate=22 September 2015}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bernama.com.my/bernama/v3/printable.php?id=202725 |title=Malaysian National News Agency |publisher=Bernama |date=10 June 2006 |accessdate= 6 December 2013}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://wanhazmir.blogspot.com/2007/03/mckk-antara-30-sekolah-kluster.html |title=Catatan Hazmir: MCKK antara 30 sekolah kluster |publisher=Wanhazmir.blogspot.com |date=29 March 2007 |accessdate= 6 December 2013}}
18. ^{{cite web|last=Hassan |first=Sharifah |url=http://acupofcomfort.blogspot.com/2010/03/arkib-08072007-lonjak-mckk-lebih.html |title=Secangkir Kopi: ARKIB : 08/07/2007 : Lonjak MCKK lebih cemerlang |publisher=Acupofcomfort.blogspot.com |date=7 March 2010 |accessdate= 6 December 2013}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nst.com.my/streets/northern/mckk-old-boys-celebrate-prep-school-s-100th-year-1.283448|title=Streets|work=NST Online|accessdate=22 September 2015}}
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2012/06/09/mckk-to-host-youth-development-summit-2012-june-17-25/|title=MCKK to host Youth Development Summit 2012 June 17-25|work=BorneoPost Online - Borneo, Malaysia, Sarawak Daily News|accessdate=22 September 2015}}
21. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nst.com.my/sports/other/regaining-mckk-s-lost-glories-not-an-easy-task-1.223205 |title=Regaining MCKK's lost glories not an easy task - Other - New Straits Times |publisher=Nst.com.my |date=23 February 2013 |accessdate=6 December 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213133500/http://www.nst.com.my/sports/other/regaining-mckk-s-lost-glories-not-an-easy-task-1.223205 |archivedate=13 December 2013 |df=dmy-all }}
22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nst.com.my/nation/general/i-was-a-student-at-mckk-prep-school-1.305686 |title=I was a student at MCKK Prep School - General - New Straits Times |publisher=Nst.com.my |date=23 June 2013 |accessdate= 6 December 2013}}
23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nst.com.my/sports/other/regaining-mckk-s-lost-glories-not-an-easy-task-1.223205|title=Sports|work=NST Online|accessdate=22 September 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213133500/http://www.nst.com.my/sports/other/regaining-mckk-s-lost-glories-not-an-easy-task-1.223205|archivedate=13 December 2013|df=dmy-all}}
24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mckk.edu.my/news/49-co-curricular-activities/192-mckk-johan-pertandingan-bola-keranjang-hksbp-2012-287.html |title=MCKK Johan Pertandingan Bola Keranjang HKSBP 2012 |publisher=Mckk.edu.my |date=14 June 2012 |accessdate= 6 December 2013}}
25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.saifuddinabdullah.com.my/post/2010/01/03/The-all-Malay-basketball-team-was-a-crowd-favourite.aspx |title=The all-Malay basketball team was a crowd favourite |publisher=Saifuddinabdullah.com.my |date= |accessdate= 6 December 2013}}
26. ^ {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120420110045/http://www.mcoba.org/news/80-newsclips/197-mckk-old-boys-enrol-first-non-malay-member|date=20 April 2012}}
27. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.arkib.gov.my/maktab_melayu |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2014-01-01 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102192200/http://www.arkib.gov.my/maktab_melayu |archivedate=2 January 2014 |df=dmy-all }}
28. ^{{cite web|author=sakmongkol AK47 |url=http://sakmongkol.blogspot.com/2009/06/life-and-times-of-dato-mokhtar-bin-dato_15.html |title=SAKMONGKOL AK47: The Life and Times of Dato Mokhtar bin Dato Sir Mahmud |publisher=Sakmongkol.blogspot.com |date=15 June 2009 |accessdate= 6 December 2013}}
29. ^ {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100412072526/http://www.anthonyburgess.org/anthony-burgess-his-life-work/music/1954-59.htm|date=12 April 2010}}
30. ^[https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/news/unveiled-work-by-anthony-burgess-suppressed-for-years-2151578.html "Unveiled: Work by Anthony Burgess suppressed for years; The exclusive Malaysian school where the author taught finally allows his ode to be performed," by Sholto Byrnes, Independent (London), 5 December 2010]