| 词条 | Ranjitsinh Pratapsinh Gaekwad |
| 释义 |
Ranjitsinhrao Gaekwad (8 May 1938 – 10 May 2012)[1] was an Indian politician and the titular Maharaja of Baroda from 1988 until his death in 2012. Early life and educationBorn 8 May 1938 at Ootacamund, Ranjitsinhrao Gaekwad was the second son of Maharaja Pratap Singh Rao Gaekwad (r. 1939–1951), and Maharani Shantadevi Gaekwad (d. 2002), daughter of Sardar Hausrkar Mansinhrao Subbarao of Hasur in Kolhapur. Her daughter, Mrunalini Devi Puar was the Chancellor of The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda.[2] He also obtained post graduate degree in fine arts from Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda. He was the younger brother of Fatehsinghrao Gaekwad, who was the titular Maharaja of Baroda from 1951 to 1971. In the 26th amendment[3] to the Constitution of India promulgated in 1971, the Government of India abolished all official symbols of princely India, including titles, privileges, and remuneration (privy purses).[4] DeathRanjitsinh Gaekwad died at 12:15 a.m. 10 May 2012 at Baroda, Vadodara, India.[5] CareerGaekwad was a member of the Lok Sabha (lower house of parliament in India) and served two terms as an MP (member of parliament), from 1980-89.[6] He became the Maharaja of Baroda on the death of his elder brother on 1 September 1988. Ranjitsinhrao Gaekwad was also a well-known painter.[7] References1. ^{{cite news|url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/GUJ-AHD-maharaja-of-baroda-ranjitsinh-gaekwad-dies-at-74-3247212.html|title=Maharaja of Baroda Ranjitsinh Gaekwad dies at 74|date=11 May 2012|work=Daily Bhaskar|accessdate=11 May 2012}} 2. ^{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-05-24/ahmedabad/27116579_1_pratapsinh-gaekwad-ranjitsinh-gaekwad-sangramsinh-gaekwad|title=Shantadevi Gaekwad passes away|date=24 May 2002|work=The Times of India}} 3. ^{{Citation|url=http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend26.htm|title=The Constitution (26 Amendment) Act, 1971|publisher=Government of India|work=indiacode.nic.in|year=1971|accessdate=9 November 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111206041333/http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend26.htm|archivedate=6 December 2011|df=dmy-all}} 4. ^1. {{cite book|last=Ramusack|first=Barbara N.|authorlink=Barbara Ramusack|title=The Indian princes and their states|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kz1-mtazYqEC&pg=PA278|accessdate=6 November 2011|year=2004|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-26727-4|page=278}}, "Through a constitutional amendment passed in 1971, Indira Gandhi stripped the princes of the titles, privy purses and regal privileges which her father's government had granted." (p 278). 2. {{citation|last=Naipaul|first=V. S.|authorlink=V. S. Naipaul|title=India: A Wounded Civilization|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XYeWbmq7pkIC&pg=PT37|accessdate=6 November 2011|date=8 April 2003|publisher=Random House Digital, Inc.|isbn=978-1-4000-3075-0|pages=37–}} Quote: "The princes of India – their number and variety reflecting to a large extent the chaos that had come to the country with the break up of the Mughal empire – had lost real power in the British time. Through generations of idle servitude they had grown to specialize only in style. A bogus, extinguishable glamour: in 1947, with Independence, they had lost their state, and Mrs. Gandhi in 1971 had, without much public outcry, abolished their privy purses and titles." (pp 37–38). 3. {{citation|last=Schmidt|first=Karl J.|title=An atlas and survey of South Asian history|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FzmkFXSgxqgC&pg=PA78|accessdate=6 November 2011|year=1995|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|isbn=978-1-56324-334-9|page=78}} Quote: "Although the Indian states were alternately requested or forced into union with either India or Pakistan, the real death of princely India came when the Twenty-sixth Amendment Act (1971) abolished the princes' titles, privileges, and privy purses." (page 78). 4. {{citation|last=Breckenridge|first=Carol Appadurai|authorlink=Carol Breckenridge|title=Consuming modernity: public culture in a South Asian world|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LN4MN35b-r4C&pg=PA84|accessdate=6 November 2011|year=1995|publisher=U of Minnesota Press|isbn=978-0-8166-2306-8|pages=84–}} Quote: "The third stage in the political evolution of the princes from rulers to citizens occurred in 1971, when the constitution ceased to recognize them as princes and their privy purses, titles, and special privileges were abolished." (page 84). 5. {{citation|last=Guha|first=Ramachandra|authorlink=Ramchandra Guha|title=India After Gandhi: The History of the World's Largest Democracy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2fvd-CaFdqYC&pg=PA441|accessdate=6 November 2011|date=5 August 2008|publisher=HarperCollins|isbn=978-0-06-095858-9|pages=441–}} Quote: "Her success at the polls emboldened Mrs. Gandhi to act decisively against the princes. Through 1971, the two sides tried and failed to find a settlement. The princes were willing to forgo their privy purses, but hoped at least to save their titles. But with her overwhelming majority in Parliament, the prime minister had no need to compromise.On 2 December she introduced a bill to amend the constitution and abolish all princely privileges. It was passed in the Lok Sabha by 381 votes to six, and in the Rajya Sabha by 167 votes to seven. In her own speech, the prime minister invited 'the princes to join the elite of the modern age, the elite which earns respect by its talent, energy and contribution to human progress, all of which can only be done when we work together as equals without regarding anybody as of special status.' " (page 441). 6. {{cite book|last=Cheesman|first=David|title=Landlord power and rural indebtedness in colonial Sind, 1865-1901|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rtBi1MgVD0AC&pg=PA10|accessdate=6 November 2011|year=1997|publisher=Routledge|location=London|isbn=978-0-7007-0470-5|pages=10–}} Quote: "The Indian princes survived the British Raj by only a few years. The Indian republic stripped them of their powers and then their titles." (page 10). 7. {{citation|author=Merriam-Webster, Inc|title=Merriam-Webster's geographical dictionary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Co_VIPIJerIC&pg=PA520|accessdate=6 November 2011|year=1997|publisher=Merriam-Webster|isbn=978-0-87779-546-9|pages=520–}} Quote: "Indian States: "Various (formerly) semi-independent areas in India ruled by native princes .... Under British rule ... administered by residents assisted by political agents. Titles and remaining privileges of princes abolished by Indian government 1971." (page 520). 8. {{citation|last=Ward|first=Philip|title=Northern India, Rajasthan, Agra, Delhi: a travel guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KubCD2jHjEsC&pg=PA91|accessdate=6 November 2011|date=September 1989|publisher=Pelican Publishing|isbn=978-0-88289-753-0|pages=91–}} Quote: "A monarchy is only as good as the reigning monarch: thus it is with the princely states. Once they seemed immutable, invincible. In 1971 they were "derecognized" -- their privileges, privy purses and titles all abolished at a stroke" (page 91) 5. ^https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/ranjitsinh-gaekwad-former-maharaja-of-baroda-dies-of-cancer-481891 6. ^Partywise Comparison Since 1977 Lok Sabha Elections - 22 - Baroda Parliamentary Constituency 7. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1134650|title=Maharaja chooses painting over politics|work=DNA|date=21 November 2007|accessdate=8 January 2013|author=Prabhu, Vidya}} External links
9 : 2012 deaths|People from Vadodara|1938 births|7th Lok Sabha members|8th Lok Sabha members|Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda alumni|Gaekwad dynasty|Lok Sabha members from Gujarat|Indian National Congress politicians |
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