“Raoul Magrin-Vernerey”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Raoul Charles Magrin-Vernerey, other known as Ralph Monclar born 7 February 1892, was a French officer and 2nd Inspector of the Foreign Legion^[1] who fought in World War I, World War II within the ranks of the Free French Forces and led the French Battalion in the Korean War.^[2] He was also one of the first senior officers to respond to the Appeal of 18 June.

Early life

Following studies at the Victor Hugo school, at the age of 15 he first tried to volunteer for the French Foreign Legion. Due to his young age, he was not admitted and returned to continue his studies.

Military career

World War I

Admitted to École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr in 1912, he graduated in 1914 part of the "promotion de Montmirail" with the rank of Sous-lieutenant. On 5 August 1914, he joined the 60th Line Infantry Regiment ({{lang-fr| 60^e régiment d'infanterie de ligne, 60^e R.I.L}}) and ended the war with the rank of Captain. He was titled with knight order of the Légion d'honneur and 11 citations, wounded 7 times and subsequently reformed with a 90% invalidity, due to a thigh fractured by a bullet, a broken arm due to a grenade, trepanning wounds and gas burns to his eyes.

Interwar period

Following the Armistice of 11 November 1918, he was assigned ti the Allied Chief Commander of the Orient. He then joined the general staff headquarters as chief of the first bureau in the beginning of 1919 and appointed to command the 1st Moroccan Tirailleur Regiment ({{lang-fr| 1^er Régiment de Tirailleurs Marocains}}, 1^er R.T.M). On 25 September, he was designated to conduct a training program at the Center of Aviation of the 415th Infantry Regiment 415^e RI of San Stefano where he was appointed as an aviation instructor. Following this assignment, he joined the administrative services of the Levant in Beirut, Lebanon as an adjoint to the Administrator. He was designated as an Administrative Council on 1 March 1920 then Inspector on 19 October. In this post, he earned a citation at the order of the armed forces. On 11 May 1921, he was appointed to form the Army of the Levant in the Levant. On 1 July 1921 he assumed command of the 4th combat company of the 1st Squadron, eventually becoming the adjoint of the regimental commander.

On 1 March 1924, he finally joined the ranks of the French Foreign Legion. After a brief tour with the 1st Foreign Infantry Regiment 1^er REI, he was assigned to the 3rd Foreign Infantry Regiment, 3^e R.E.I (the recently redesignated Marching Regiment of the Foreign Legion) and took part in the Moroccan campaign until 1927. Subsequently, he was promoted to the rank of Chef de battaillon (Commandant – Major) in 1928.

On 14 October 1930, he was designated to take command of the 16th Chasseur Battalion à Pied ({{lang-fr|16^e Bataillon de chasseurs à pied}}, 16^e B.C.P). Following this command, he was reassigned to the Legion in 1931 and would not leave the Legion until October 1941. During this 10-year tenure, he was assigned to the 2nd Foreign Infantry Regiment, 2^e R.E.I, then stationed in Morocco and the 5th Foreign Infantry Regiment, 5^e R.E.I in Tonkin.

World War II

Returning from the Far East, in January 1938 he assumed command of the instruction battalion at Saïda, while being promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-colonel on 25 June 1938, prior to embarking to Morocco with the 4th Foreign Infantry Regiment 4^e REI. On 23 February 1940, he rejoined the 3^e R.E.I which formed a Mountain Marching Battalion Groupment. He was designated as a regimental commander of 2 Legion battalions which formed the 13th Light Mountain Demi-Brigade of the Legion ({{lang-fr|link=no|13^e Demi-Brigade Légère de Montagne de Légion Etrangère}}, 13^e DB.L.MLE). Regrouped first in Larzac then Sathonay, his unit prepared for a campaign with destination unknown. This unit would be the forebear of the 13th Demi-Brigade of the Foreign Legion, 13^e DBLE.

On 13 May 1940 at Bjervik in Norway, the 13th DBLE saw action for the first time in the Norwegian Campaign, conquering four objectives and forcing German forces to retreat while abandoning numerous prisoners, automatic arms, equipment and 10 Junkers Ju 52 transport aircraft stuck on the ice of a lake.

From 28 May to 2 June, Magrin-Vernerey and his Legionnaires were victorious at Narvik, which was referred to as "the only French victory of 1939–1940" ({{lang-fr|link=no|" la seule victoire française de 1939–1940 "}}).^[3] The 13th DBLE liberated 60 Allied prisoners and captured 400 Germans, 10 cannons and significant material.

Barely back to France with 500 of his men, he joined the Free French Forces in England on 21 June 1940 and adopted the name de Monclar (from the village name of Monclar-de-Quercy, in Tarn-et-Garonne).^[4] He was soon promoted to the rank of Colonel.

Leading the 13th DBLE in operations against Axis forces in the East African Campaign with the 1st Free French Division 1^re DFL, he took part in the Battle of Keren and the Battle of Massawa.

In June 1941, he refused to take part in combat against Vichy French forces in the Levant and particularly the Legionnaires of the 6th Foreign Infantry Regiment 6^e REI. Following his refusal, he was replaced as commander of the 13th DBLE by Lieutenant-colonel Prince Amilakvari who led the unit across northern Libya and into Tunisia.

Promoted to the first section of officer generals, he exercised various commands in the Levant and participated to numerous campaigns and finished his tour as the Superior Commander of Troops in the Levant.

Becoming adjoint to the superior commander of troops in Algeria in 1946, he was in 1948 designated as 2nd Inspector of the Foreign Legion charged with the permanent mission of inspecting Legion units until 1950.^[5] Over the following two years, he constantly visited the various continents where the Legion was stationed and engaged in combat, including Algeria, Morocco, Madagascar and Indochina.

Korean War

In 1950, at the age of 60 and on the eve of retirement from active duty, he volunteered to command the United Nations Bataillon de Corée in course of formation and was voluntarily demoted from général de corps d'armée to Lieutenant-colonel in order to command the battalion. The Battalion was attached to the 23rd Infantry Regiment as part of the U.S.Army's 2nd Infantry Division.^[6]

In February 1951 the 23rd Infantry Regiment and the Bataillon de Corée fought the Battle of Chipyong-ni. According to the U.S. Army commander in Korea, General Matthew Ridgway:

Later life and death

In 1962 while succeeding général André Kientz, he became Governor of Les Invalides ({{lang-fr|Gouverneur des Invalides}}), an official function directing the institution and an office in which he died while in tenure, like many other Governors.

He was also the founding President of the National Association of United Nations French Forces of the Korean Regiment.^[7]

Honors

Decorations

French Decorations

Foreign Decorations

References

1. ^ Division General Commandant of the French Foreign Legion, Les Chefs COMLE
2. ^¹ {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081015201311/http://rokdrop.com/2006/12/21/heroes-of-the-korean-war-ltc-ralph-monclar/ |date=15 October 2008 }}
3. ^Site de la promotion de Saint-Cyr "Général Monclar" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100830083949/http://www.generalmonclar.fr/monclar/index.html |date=30 August 2010 }}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ordredelaliberation.fr/fr_compagnon/686.html|title=Ordre de la Libration|publisher=Ordredelaliberation.fr|accessdate=28 November 2014}}
5. ^ Division General Commandant of the French Foreign Legion, L'Etat-major du COMLE (Commandement de la Légion Étrangère), Les Chefs COMLE
6. ^{{cite journal|last=Quisefit|first=Laurent|title=The French Participation in the Korean War and the Establishment of a 'Path of Memory' in South Korea|journal=Societies|date=5 November 2013|volume=3|issue=4|pages=427–444|doi=10.3390/soc3040427|url=http://www.mdpi.com/2075-4698/3/4/427|issn=2075-4698}}
7. ^(ANAFFC ONU et RC, voir le site de l'association à l'adresse suivante )