| 词条 | Malin Head |
| 释义 |
Malin Head ({{lang-ga|Cionn Mhálanna}}) is located on the Inishowen Peninsula, County Donegal, Republic of Ireland and is the most northerly point of the island of Ireland. The northernmost tip is the headland named Banba's Crown located at latitude 55.38ºN.[1] Malin Head gives its name to the Malin sea area. There is a weather station on the head, which is one of 22 such stations whose reports are broadcast as part of the BBC Shipping Forecast. Ptolemy's Geography (2nd century AD) described a point called Βορειον (Boreion, "the northern") which probably referred to Malin Head.[2]Banba's Crown on Malin Head is the most northerly point of the Irish mainland.[3] Banba was one of the mythical queens of Ireland. Banba's Crown is about 16 km (10 mi) north of the village of Malin. The island of Inishtrahull is further north, located approximately 10 km (6 mi) north east of Malin Head. Further north still is the most northerly landfall of Ireland, Tor Beg rock. Malin Head is home to small businesses such as pubs, restaurants, shops and a large call centre called Forward Emphasis International, which employs many of the local residents. LocalityTo the north east Inistrahull Island can be seen. The first lighthouse on the island was put into operation in 1813, and the light flashes every 30 seconds. Above Banba's Crown to the east lies Ballyhillion beach, a unique raised beach system of international scientific importance.{{Citation needed|date=February 2007}} The very distinct shorelines show the changing relationship between the sea and the land from the time the glaciers began to melt, some 15,000 years ago. At that time County Donegal was depressed by the weight of an immense ice sheet, so the level of the sea, relative to today's shore, was up to 80 feet higher than today. Scenes from The Last Jedi were filmed in Malin Head. ClimateMalin Head has a temperate oceanic climate (Köppen class Cfb) High winds and storms are a notable presence for much of the year. {{Weather box|location = Malin Head (1981–2010, extremes 1885–present) |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |Jan record high C = 14.4 |Feb record high C = 15.0 |Mar record high C = 19.0 |Apr record high C = 20.7 |May record high C = 25.1 |Jun record high C = 27.2 |Jul record high C = 27.0 |Aug record high C = 27.1 |Sep record high C = 28.9 |Oct record high C = 22.8 |Nov record high C = 17.6 |Dec record high C = 16.8 |year record high C = 28.9 |Jan high C = 8.1 |Feb high C = 8.1 |Mar high C = 9.3 |Apr high C = 10.8 |May high C = 13.1 |Jun high C = 15.1 |Jul high C = 16.8 |Aug high C = 17.0 |Sep high C = 15.6 |Oct high C = 13.0 |Nov high C = 10.4 |Dec high C = 8.6 |year high C = 12.2 |Jan mean C = 5.9 |Feb mean C = 5.8 |Mar mean C = 6.9 |Apr mean C = 8.3 |May mean C = 10.5 |Jun mean C = 12.7 |Jul mean C = 14.5 |Aug mean C = 14.7 |Sep mean C = 13.3 |Oct mean C = 10.8 |Nov mean C = 8.2 |Dec mean C = 6.4 |year mean C = 9.8 |Jan low C = 3.6 |Feb low C = 3.5 |Mar low C = 4.4 |Apr low C = 5.8 |May low C = 7.8 |Jun low C = 10.3 |Jul low C = 12.1 |Aug low C = 12.3 |Sep low C = 10.9 |Oct low C = 8.5 |Nov low C = 6.1 |Dec low C = 4.2 |year low C = 7.5 |Jan record low C = -6.2 |Feb record low C = -6.7 |Mar record low C = -5.0 |Apr record low C = -3.9 |May record low C = -0.6 |Jun record low C = 2.6 |Jul record low C = 5.6 |Aug record low C = 4.8 |Sep record low C = 2.0 |Oct record low C = 0.0 |Nov record low C = -2.6 |Dec record low C = -5.5 |year record low C = -6.7 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 117.4 |Feb precipitation mm = 84.8 |Mar precipitation mm = 85.9 |Apr precipitation mm = 63.1 |May precipitation mm = 56.9 |Jun precipitation mm = 69.1 |Jul precipitation mm = 76.8 |Aug precipitation mm = 93.2 |Sep precipitation mm = 91.8 |Oct precipitation mm = 118.4 |Nov precipitation mm = 104.5 |Dec precipitation mm = 114.2 |year precipitation mm = 1076.0 |time day = 15:00 LST |Jan humidity = 80.8 |Feb humidity = 77.0 |Mar humidity = 77.1 |Apr humidity = 75.7 |May humidity = 75.7 |Jun humidity = 78.7 |Jul humidity = 80.6 |Aug humidity = 79.8 |Sep humidity = 77.5 |Oct humidity = 77.6 |Nov humidity = 79.7 |Dec humidity = 81.3 |year humidity = 78.5 |unit precipitation days = 0.2 mm |Jan precipitation days = 22 |Feb precipitation days = 18 |Mar precipitation days = 20 |Apr precipitation days = 16 |May precipitation days = 16 |Jun precipitation days = 16 |Jul precipitation days = 18 |Aug precipitation days = 19 |Sep precipitation days = 19 |Oct precipitation days = 21 |Nov precipitation days = 21 |Dec precipitation days = 20 |year precipitation days = 226 |Jan snow days = 5.1 |Feb snow days = 5.2 |Mar snow days = 3.4 |Apr snow days = 1.6 |May snow days = 0.1 |Jun snow days = 0.0 |Jul snow days = 0.0 |Aug snow days = 0.0 |Sep snow days = 0.0 |Oct snow days = 0.0 |Nov snow days = 1.1 |Dec snow days = 3.8 |year snow days = 20.4 |Jan sun = 37.2 |Feb sun = 65.0 |Mar sun = 93.0 |Apr sun = 153.0 |May sun = 201.5 |Jun sun = 165.0 |Jul sun = 142.6 |Aug sun = 136.4 |Sep sun = 111.0 |Oct sun = 80.6 |Nov sun = 45.0 |Dec sun = 34.1 |year sun = |source 1 = Met Éireann[4][5][6] |source 2 = [7] |date= October 2014 }} Wartime useA military watchtower was built at Banba's Crown in 1805, during the Napoleonic Wars. Around 1902, a signal station was also built at Banba's Crown, quite close to the old Napoleonic watchtower. Both of these buildings still stand. During World War II, the Irish Government allowed the British Government to site two radio direction finders on Malin Head. This top-secret operation was mentioned in The Cranborne Report. The RDF equipment was used to monitor U-Boat and aerial activity in the North Atlantic. After the war, the site became a weather station for the Met Éireann and a Navtex transmitting station. Today, it is still used as a functioning weather station for the north west part of Ireland. On a section of land jutting out from the mainland at Banba's Crown, the word 'Éire' can be seen in large letters that were formed from placing stones together to form the letters. This was to signify to overflying planes that they were passing Ireland and that Ireland was neutral.{{CN|date=November 2018}} OrnithologyMalin Head is an ideal vantage point from which to view the autumnal movements of seabirds such as gannets, shearwaters, skuas, auks and others, on their southward migration flights. {{coord|55|23|N|7|22|W|region:IE_type:landmark|display=title}}GallerySee also
References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.wesleyjohnston.com/users/ireland/geography/extremities.html |title=Ireland Geographical Facts, Figures and Physical Extremities |work=Travel through the Ireland story... | accessdate=2007-09-15}} 2. ^http://www.romaneranames.uk/essays/ireland.pdf 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.brilliantireland.com/products/inc_productdetails.cfm/product_key/39 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327175433/http://www.brilliantireland.com/products/inc_productdetails.cfm/product_key/39 |archivedate=March 27, 2009 |title=See Ireland’s most northerly point at Malin Head |publisher=Brilliant Ireland}} 4. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.met.ie/climate-ireland/1981-2010/malin.html| title = Malin Head 1981–2010 averages | publisher = Met Éireann| accessdate = 27 May 2015}} 5. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.met.ie/climate-ireland/extreme_maxtemps.pdf| title = Absolute Maximum Air Temperatures for each Month at Selected Stations | publisher = Met Éireann| accessdate = 27 May 2015}} 6. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.met.ie/climate-ireland/extreme-mintemps.pdf| title = Absolute Minimum Air Temperatures for each Month at Selected Stations | publisher = Met Éireann| accessdate = 27 May 2015}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/news/environment/ireland-set-for-another-scorcher-as-heatwave-continues-1.3097330|title=Ireland set for another scorcher as heatwave continues|author=Sorcha Pollak, Tim O'Brien|publisher=Irish Times|date=26 May 2017|accessdate=2017-05-26}} 2 : Meteorological stations|Headlands of County Donegal |
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