“Malvern, Arkansas”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Named after Malvern Hill, Virginia,^[4] Malvern was founded in 1870 by the Cairo and Fulton Railroad as a city site {{convert|21|mi}} southeast of Hot Springs. On October 15, 1878, Malvern officially became the county seat of Hot Spring County. The original inhabitants of the county were Native Americans, trappers, hunters, and farmers.

The Hot Springs Railroad, often referred to as the Diamond Jo line, was established as a narrow-gauge railroad by Chicago businessman Joseph Reynolds in 1874.^[5]^[6] Reynolds began building the Hot Springs Railroad, which extends northwest from Malvern Junction, a station on the Cairo & Fulton, to Hot Springs, after he had endured unsatisfactory stagecoach rides to the latter city. Because Malvern was the closest railroad station to Hot Springs, it became an important junction point for passengers transferring from rail to stagecoach to complete their journey to the spas in Hot Springs. This was the only railroad into Hot Springs for 15 years. The opening of the Little Rock & Hot Springs Western Railroad in April 1900 provided a more direct access to Hot Springs from Little Rock and the north, and both the Choctaw, Oklahoma & Gulf and the Iron Mountain took advantage of this route, effectively cutting the volume of interchange traffic into Malvern. By 1902 passenger train shuttle service through Malvern had essentially ended.^[7]

The Malvern Police Department lost Carson Smith, the deputy, and three officers in the line of duty, all shot to death during the 1930s. They were Clyde Davis,^[8] Leslie Lee Potts,^[9] and Hiram Potts.^[10] Davis and Leslie Lee Potts were both shot during a domestic dispute on April 21, 1933, a shootout in which they killed the suspect. Hiram Potts, who was related to Leslie Lee Potts, was shot and killed during his March 4, 1935, attempt to arrest two men who were boarding a train illegally.{{Citation needed|reason=This claim needs references to reliable sources|date=October 2013}}

During World War II, hundreds of Malvernites moved to the Los Angeles area to take advantage of work in the shipyards--apparently spurred by a couple of residents who found work there and wrote home boasting of 88-cent/hour jobs, which was a decent wage for the time.^[11]

Geography

Malvern is in northeastern Hot Spring County, southeast of the Ouachita River where it exits the Ouachita Mountains. It is bordered to the north by Rockport and to the east by Perla.

Interstate 30 passes through the northwest part of Malvern, with access from Exits 97, 98, and 99. I-30 leads northeast {{Convert|44|mi}} to Little Rock, the state capital, and southwest {{convert|100|mi|-1}} to Texarkana. U.S. Route 67 (Page Avenue) runs through the center of Malvern, leading northeast {{convert|22|mi}} to Benton and southwest {{convert|25|mi}} to Arkadelphia. U.S. Route 270 passes northeast of Malvern on a bypass, leading east {{convert|

24|mi}} to Sheridan and northwest {{convert|20|mi}} to Hot Springs. Arkansas Highway 9 (Main Street) leads south from the center of Malvern {{convert|64|mi}} to Camden.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Malvern has a total area of {{convert|22.6|km2|order=flip}}, of which {{convert|22.4|km2|order=flip}} are land and {{convert|0.2|km2|order=flip|1}}, or 0.79%, are water.^[12]

Climate

The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Malvern has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.^[13]

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 9,021 people, 3,769 households, and 2,431 families residing in the city,^[16] and its population density was 1,227.1 people per square mile (473.9/km²). There were 4,193 housing units at an average density of 570.4 per square mile (220.3/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 68.16% White, 28.66% Black or African American, 0.35% Native American, 0.29% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 0.53% from other races, and 1.94% from two or more races. 1.26% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

The city had 3,769 households, out of which 29.0% contained children under the age of 18, 44.1% were married couples living together, 16.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.5% were non-families. 32.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.93. Additionally, 25.0% of the city's population were under the age of 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 24.2% from 25 to 44, 21.5% from 45 to 64, and 20.0% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years; for every 100 females there were 85.0 males and for every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $27,007, and the median income for a family was $34,563. Males had a median income of $27,232 versus $18,929 for females and the per capita income for the city was $14,848. About 15.7% of families and 20.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.6% of those under age 18, and 18.4% of those age 65 or over.

Economy

The city is home to three Acme Brick plants and several other manufacturing companies, including Weyerhaeuser, Borden Chemical, Adams Face Veneer Company, and Pactiv. It is also the home of Grapette International, the manufacturer of Grapette soda. Malvern is the location of the Ouachita River Unit, a medium security prison.

Arts and culture

Annual cultural events

Every year on the last weekend of June, Malvern City Park hosts Brickfest, an event that fills the city with music, food and activities that include a brick toss, brick car derby, and a best-dressed brick contest. Malvern also hosts the Hot Spring County Fair and Rodeo each fall.^[17]

Tourism

History in Malvern can be found throughout the central city, including ten National Register of Historic Places listings.^[18] Located at 210 Locust Street in downtown Malvern, the art deco Hot Spring County Courthouse has been the center of county government since its construction in 1936.^[19] Also located downtown is the Bank of Malvern building, historically notable both for its distinct variation of Richardsonian Romanesque architecture and its importance in transitioning Malvern from an agricultural-based economy to one based on industry. The Hot Spring County Museum is located in the Boyle House at 302 East Third Street in Malvern.^[20]

Malvern hosts one of two whitewater parks in the state of Arkansas, located on the Ouachita River. (The other park is in Siloam Springs.) Used for training Olympic kayakers and river rescue teams, the river-wide ledge runs year-round, and is dam-released. A zip line and nature hike are available along Ouachita Bend.

Education

Ełementary and secondary education

Public education for early childhood, elementary and secondary school students is provided by:

Postsecondary education

Media

The city's daily newspaper is the Malvern Daily Record, which was established in 1916. It publishes an afternoon edition Tuesday through Friday with a Saturday morning "Weekend Edition"^[22] The city also has two radio stations, namely KLBL (101.5), which plays classic country, and KBOK-AM (1310), which plays country music.

Infrastructure

Transportation

Malvern is connected on road by Interstate 30, U.S. Route 270, and U.S. Route 67. Amtrak's Texas Eagle provides daily passenger train service to Malvern on a route extending from Chicago to Dallas and Los Angeles, and railroad freight service to Malvern is provided by the Union Pacific Railroad and the Arkansas Midland Railroad, the latter operating over the route of the original Hot Springs Railroad. The Malvern Municipal Airport (FAA Identifier: M78) serves the Malvern area.

Notable people

See also

References

1. ^{{cite web|title=2017 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2017_Gazetteer/2017_gaz_place_05.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=Aug 22, 2018}}
2. ^{{ cite web |last= Schultz |first= Marvin |title= Malvern (Hot Spring County) |url= http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?search=1&entryID=896 |work= Encyclopedia of Arkansas History and Culture |publisher= Butler Center for Arkansas Studies at the Central Arkansas Library System |date= October 17, 2012 |accessdate= April 13, 2014 }}
3. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2015/SUB-EST2015.html|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015|accessdate=July 2, 2016|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20160602200744/http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2015/SUB-EST2015.html|archivedate=June 2, 2016|df=}}
4. ^{{cite book|last=Gannett|first=Henry|title=The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9V1IAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA197|year=1905|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|page=197}}
5. ^[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1888/08/26/100947332.pdf]
6. ^
7. ^
8. ^
9. ^
10. ^
11. ^Carl Abbott, The Metropolitan Frontier: Cities in the Modern American West (Tucson, University of Arizona Press, 1993), 17.
12. ^{{cite web| url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US0543610| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Malvern city, Arkansas| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau| work=American Factfinder| accessdate=April 20, 2017}}
13. ^Climate Summary for Malvern, Arkansas
14. ^¹{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2017.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|accessdate=March 24, 2018}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2015}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=American FactFinder}}
17. ^{{ cite web |last= Schultz |first= Marvin |title= Malvern Brickfest |url= http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=2122 |work= Encyclopedia of Arkansas History and Culture |publisher= Butler Center for Arkansas Studies at the Central Arkansas Library System |date= August 4, 2009 |accessdate= May 2, 2014 }}
18. ^{{NRISref|2010a}}
19. ^{{ cite web |author= Barry, Helen and Arkansas Historical Preservation Program |title= National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form: Hot Spring County Courthouse |url= http://www.arkansaspreservation.com/!userfiles/HS0008.nr.pdf |date= November 7, 1996 |accessdate= May 2, 2014 }}
20. ^{{ cite web |title= Hot Spring County Museum/The Boyle House |url= http://www.arkansas.com/attractions/detail.aspx?id=18799 |publisher= Arkansas Department of Parks and Tourism |accessdate= May 2, 2014 }}
21. ^
22. ^
23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GSob=c&GSlh=1&GRid=103351291&|title=Raymond Franklin "Frank" Page|publisher=findagrave.com|accessdate=August 29, 2013}}
24. ^Frederick Yates

History