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词条 Mama Ocllo
释义

  1. Origin

  2. References

{{about|the Inca deity|the mountain in Bolivia|Mama Uqllu (Bolivia){{!}}Mama Uqllu|the queen consort of the Inca empire|Mama Ocllo Coya}}{{Infobox deity
| name = Mama Ocllo
| deity_of = Motherhood and Fertility
| other_names = Mama Cora Ocllo[1], Mama Ogllo, Mama Oello[2], Mama Oella, Mama Oullo, Mama Occlo[3][4], Mama Okllo or Mama Uqllu[5].
| consort = Manco Cápac
| offspring = Sinchi Roca
| parents = Inti and Mama Killa or Viracocha and Mama Qucha
| siblings = Ayar Uchu, Ayar Cachi, Ayar Anca, Manco Cápac, Mama Huaco, Mama Ipacura, and Mama Raua
| image = Mama Ocllo, Peru, circa 1840, San Antonio Museum of Art.jpg
| caption = Mama Ocllo, anonymous oil on canvas painting from Peru, circa 1840, San Antonio Museum of Art.
}}

In Inca mythology, Mama Ocllo was deified as a mother and fertility goddess.[6] In one legend she was a daughter of Inti and Mama Killa, and in another the daughter of Viracocha (Wiraqucha) and Mama Qucha.[7] In all of them she was the sister and wife of Manco Cápac (Manqu Qhapaq),[8]{{rp|28–36}} whom she established the city of Cusco with.[9][10] In some variations, she also had a son, Sinchi Roca, with him, though all Incan rulers after Manco Cápac were believed to be their descendants.[11][12]

According to most stories, Mama Occlo and Manco Cápac were sent by Inti to help the Inca by expanding their knowledge after he saw how poorly they were living.[13] After their creation, most legends state they began journeying to find the perfect location to begin their task, and would know when they found it when the golden rod Inti had given both his children sunk into the ground.[11][14] Once the rod had sunk, they began educating the Inca people; together they taught the people to better construct homes; Mama Ocllo taught the Inca women the art of spinning thread, sewing, science, and household duties.[11][14][15]

Origin

There are multiple variations in Mama Ocllo's origination:

  1. One common version involves Mama Ocllo emerging with Manco Cápac from an island or cave in Lake Titicaca after Inti created them, though in some alternate versions, the rest of their siblings, as well as ten ayllus, rise from the lake, too, and they all journey together for a short time.&91;11&93;&91;12&93;
  2. Some myths depict Mama Ocllo and Manco Cápac's place of origin to be from the Rock of Origins, which is a location described as sacred.&91;16&93;
  3. Another variant tells how Mama Ocllo and her siblings were all brought into existence by Inti, though this time they emerged from the middle of three windows on a cave known as Pacariqtambo, and were given a sign when they approached the land they were supposed to settle on rather than a rod to prod the ground with.&91;12&93;
  4. Instead of Inti, one legend says that Mama Ocllo is the daughter of Viracocha and Mama Qucha.&91;7&93;

References

1. ^{{cite web|title=EL PRIMER NVEVA CORÓNICA|url=http://base.kb.dk/manus_pub/cv/manus/ManusPage.xsql?nnoc=manus_pub&p_ManusId=253&p_PageNo=124&p_Lang=main&p_Mode=ocr|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720030905/http://base.kb.dk/manus_pub/cv/manus/ManusPage.xsql?nnoc=manus_pub&p_ManusId=253&p_PageNo=124&p_Lang=main&p_Mode=ocr|archivedate=2011-07-20|df=}}
2. ^{{cite book|last=Bancroft|first=byHubert Howe|title=The works of Hubert Howe Bancroft the native races : vol. IV, antiquities.|year=1980|publisher=A.L. Bancroft|location=San Francisco|isbn=0665141556|page=296}}
3. ^{{cite book|last=Edwardes|first=Marian|title=A dictionary of non-classical mythology|year=1912|publisher=J.M. Dent & Sons|location=London|page=113}}
4. ^{{cite book|last=Bingham|first=Ann|title=South and Meso-American mythology A to Z|year=2004|publisher=Facts on file|location=New York|isbn=0816048894|page=79}}
5. ^{{cite book|last=Dean|first=Carolyn|title=A culture of stone : Inka perspectives on rock|year=2010|publisher=Duke University Press|location=Durham, NC|isbn=9780822347910|page=88}}
6. ^{{cite book|last=Siquijor|first=Rom|title=Inkari : the sacred prophecy of the inca kings.|publisher=Palibrio|location=[S.l.]|isbn=1617648736}}
7. ^1 {{cite book|last=Bingham|first=Ann|title=South and Meso-American mythology A to Z|year=2004|publisher=Facts on file|location=New York|isbn=0816048894|page=68}}
8. ^de Gamboa, P.S., 2015, History of the Incas, Lexington, {{ISBN|9781463688653}}
9. ^Julien, Catherine (2000). Reading Inca history. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press. p. 64. {{ISBN|9781587294112}}.
10. ^Coulter, Charles Russell; Turner, Patricia (2000). Encyclopedia of ancient deities. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland. p. 304. {{ISBN|9780786403172}}.
11. ^1 2 3 "The Life of Pachacuti Inca Yupangui." Bilingual Review, vol. 26, no. 2-3, 2001, p. 149+. Academic OneFile, http://link.galegroup.com.ccclibrary.idm.oclc.org/apps/doc/A141997158/AONE?u=clackamasccl&sid=AONE&xid=39b664cc.
12. ^1 2 "The Rise of the Incas." Early Civilizations in the Americas Reference Library, edited by Sonia G. Benson, et al., vol. 1: Almanac, Vol. 1, UXL, 2005, pp. 155-177. Student Resources In Context, http://link.galegroup.com.ccclibrary.idm.oclc.org/apps/doc/CX3424400019/SUIC?u=clackamasccl&sid=SUIC&xid=ab92a64f.
13. ^Feld, Evelyn Dana. "THE INCA CREATION MYTH." Calliope, Mar. 2000, p. 36. General OneFile, http://link.galegroup.com.ccclibrary.idm.oclc.org/apps/doc/A62346714/ITOF?u=clackamasccl&sid=ITOF&xid=734a2451.
14. ^1 Editors of Salem Press. Critical Survey of Mythology and Folklore : World Mythology. Salem Press, 2013. EBSCOhost, ccclibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=682164&site=ehost-live.
15. ^{{cite book|last=Stanton|first=editors: Janet Parker, Julie|title=Mythology : myths, legends & fantasies|year=2006|publisher=Struik|location=Cape Town, South Africa|isbn=1770074538|page=505}}
16. ^Busque, Jordi. "Lifeline of a lake: since Bolivia and Peru share a common border with Lake Titicaca, both are working together to preserve the beauty of this natural wonder and enhance the lives of its inhabitants." Americas, Nov.-Dec. 2008, p. 38+. Academic OneFile, http://link.galegroup.com.ccclibrary.idm.oclc.org/apps/doc/A188739056/AONE?u=clackamasccl&sid=AONE&xid=8b45b1d4.
{{SouthAm-myth-stub}}{{Pre-columbian-stub}}

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