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词条 Red Bull Stratos
释义

  1. History

  2. Preparation

  3. Mission

      Aborted launch    Launch    Jump and descent    Analysis    Timeline  

  4. Scientific benefits

  5. Controversy

  6. See also

  7. References

  8. External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2012}}{{Infobox news event
| title = Red Bull Stratos
| image =
| image_name =
| image_size = 220px
| caption = Project logo
| date = {{start date|2012|10|14|df=yes}}
| time =
| place = Launch site:
Roswell International Air Center, Roswell, New Mexico, United States
| coordinates = Launch site:
{{coord|33.3109|-104.5392|region:US-NM_type:event|display=inline,title}}
Landing site:
{{coord|33.3580|-103.7849}}
| also known as = Mission to the edge of space
| cause =
| first reporter =
| filmed by =
| participants = Felix Baumgartner
| outcome = Balloon altitude record and sound barrier broken
| awards =
| url =
| website = {{URL|redbullstratos.com}}
| notes =
}}Red Bull Stratos was a space diving project involving Austrian skydiver Felix Baumgartner. On 14 October 2012, Baumgartner flew approximately {{convert|39|km}}[1][2][3] into the stratosphere over New Mexico, United States, in a helium balloon before free falling in a pressure suit and then parachuting to Earth.[4] The total jump, from leaving the capsule to landing on the ground, lasted approximately ten minutes.[1] While the free fall was initially expected to last between five and six minutes,[5] Baumgartner deployed his parachute after 4 minutes and 19 seconds.[1]

Reaching {{convert|1357.64|km/h|mph|1|abbr=on}}—{{nowrap|Mach 1.25—}}Baumgartner broke the sound barrier on his descent,[6] becoming the first human to do so without any form of engine power.[4][7] Measurements show Baumgartner also broke two other world records. With a final altitude of {{convert|38969|m|ft+mi|0|abbr=on}},[8] Baumgartner broke the unofficial record for the highest manned balloon flight of {{convert|37640|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} previously set by Nick Piantanida.[9][10][11][12] He also broke the record for the highest altitude jump, set in 1960 by USAF Colonel Joseph Kittinger, who was Baumgartner's mentor and capsule communicator at mission control. These claims were verified by the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI).[13]

History

In January 2010, it was reported that Baumgartner was working with a team of scientists and sponsor Red Bull to attempt the highest sky-dive on record.[14] By wearing the Equivital LifeMonitor, researchers were able to monitor Felix Baumgartner’s physiological response within an extreme environment. Baumgartner was going to make the {{convert|36600|m|ft|-2|abbr=on}} jump from a capsule suspended from a balloon filled with helium, intending to become the first parachutist to break the sound barrier.[15][16][17]

This would be possible because while the normal terminal velocity of a skydiver freeflying is about 320 km/h (200 mph or 90 m/s), the high altitude with less dense atmosphere would decrease drag.[18] On 12 October 2010, Red Bull announced it was placing the project on hold after Daniel Hogan filed a lawsuit in California Superior Court in Los Angeles, California, USA in April, claiming he originated the idea of the parachute dive from the edge of space in 2004 and that Red Bull stole the idea from him.[19][20] The lawsuit was resolved out of court in June 2011[21] and on 5 February 2012, it was reported that the project would be resumed.[22]

Preparation

On 15 March 2012, Baumgartner completed the first of two test jumps, from {{convert|21818|m|ft}}. During the jump, he spent approximately three minutes and 43 seconds in free fall, claiming to have reached speeds of more than {{convert|580|kph|mph}}, before opening his parachute. In total, the jump lasted approximately eight minutes and eight seconds and Baumgartner became only the third person to parachute safely from a height of over {{convert|21.7|km}}.[23]

On 25 July 2012, Baumgartner completed the second of two planned test jumps, from {{convert|29460|m|ft}}. It took Baumgartner about 90 minutes to reach the target altitude and his free fall was estimated to have lasted three minutes and 48 seconds before his parachutes were deployed. Baumgartner landed safely near Roswell, New Mexico, USA. His top speed was an estimated {{convert|863|kph|mph}} according to Brian Utley, an official observer on site. The jump represented a personal best for Baumgartner.[24][25][26] Joseph Kittinger, who parachuted from 31,300 m (102,800 feet) in 1960, became involved with the mission to advise Baumgartner and to help gather scientific data on next-generation full pressure suits.[14][27]

Mission

Aborted launch

The project's original scheduled launch on the morning of 9 October 2012 was delayed five hours because of weather problems. Technicians at the launch site also found that one of the capsule's communication radios was faulty.[28] At 11:42 MDT,[29] the launch was aborted due to a {{convert|40|kph|adj=on}} gust of wind at the launch site.[30] The launch was rescheduled for the morning of 11 October,[31] though the project's meteorologist announced that the date would again be postponed.[32]

Launch

The capsule was launched from Roswell International Air Center[33] at 09:30 MDT (15:30 UTC) on 14 October 2012,[29] which was also the 65th anniversary of Chuck Yeager's Bell X-1 flight. The weather at launch was clear, with south-easterly winds blowing at {{convert|5.5|kph}}.[34] The ground temperature was {{convert|14|C|F}}.[34] Baumgartner's ascent took approximately 2{{1/2}} hours,[35] after which the capsule levelled at approximately {{convert|38|km}}.[35] A valve in the balloon was used to vent gas to control the ascent.[36]

Shortly after passing the Armstrong limit, Baumgartner expressed concerns that his visor heater was not functioning properly. Mission Control continued with the mission, and 40 minutes later announced that the jump would continue regardless of the reported problem.[36] An abort procedure—which would have seen helium vented from the balloon to allow the capsule to descend—was considered.[36]

After approximately 2½ hours of ascent, Baumgartner and mission control began the egress procedures. This involved depressurisation of the capsule, detachment of his umbilical air supplies, and adjusting the capsule interior ready for decamp.[36] As the final checks were being undertaken, Kittinger said to Baumgartner, "OK, we're getting serious now, Felix".[6]

Jump and descent

Fifteen minutes after the egress checks began, the pressure between the capsule and the outside stabilized and the door opened.[36] One of the last items was for Baumgartner to enable his suit cameras.

Baumgartner dove forward off the ledge at 12:08 MDT (18:08 UTC);[6] After 42 seconds of descent Baumgartner reached his maximum velocity—an unverified {{convert|1342|kph}}.[7] An uncontrolled spin started within the first minute of the jump which could have been fatal, but it ended at 01:23 when Baumgartner regained stability,[6][37] though in a later press conference he likened the fall in the suit to "swimming without feeling the water" as he could not feel the air to give him a sense of direction.[34] Baumgartner had an abort switch that would have allowed deployment of a drogue parachute, which would have arrested the spin but also would have prevented him from breaking any speed records.[6]

After 03:40 of free fall Baumgartner radioed to Mission Control that his visor was fogging up, echoing his earlier concerns about its heating.[38] After 04:16 minutes of free fall he deployed his parachute, which opened and arrested freefall at 4:20 minutes. At the deployment altitude Baumgartner could have continued to fall safely for another 20 seconds, but it was difficult for him to verify his exact altitude. At 12:17 MDT (18:17 UTC), approximately 9 minutes after jumping from the capsule, Baumgartner landed on his feet in eastern New Mexico.[39] Baumgartner dropped to his knees and punched the air before being met by ground crews.[6][34] A helicopter was dispatched to return Baumgartner to the Roswell base.[7]

According to YouTube the jump was viewed live by over 9.5 million users, setting a record for the "live stream with the most concurrent views ever on YouTube".[40][41][42][43]

The capsule returned to the ground via its own parachute, and landed approximately {{convert|70.5|km}} east of Baumgartner's landing site.[44] While the capsule could theoretically be reused, the balloon was only made for a single use.[45]

Analysis

On 22 February 2013, FAI announced that Baumgartner had broken three of the four planned records.[13]

The jump records Baumgartner attained:[13]

  • Exit altitude of {{convert|38.9694|km}}
  • Maximum vertical speed (without drogue) of {{convert|1357.6|kph}}
  • Vertical distance of freefall (without drogue) of {{convert|36402.6|m}}

Timeline

The timeline for the mission was split into eight stages.[46] Stages 1 and 2 covered the balloon's ascent, stages 3–7 covered the descent and landing, and stage 8 covered the return of the balloon and capsule:

  1. Launch of balloon with Baumgartner in capsule suspended below canopy
    • Completed at approximately 09:30 MDT (15:30 UTC)
  2. Balloon reaches maximum altitude&91;46&93;—{{convert|38969|m}}—after a 2.5-hour ascent
    • Completed ({{convert|38.969|km}} reached&91;1&93;)
  3. Baumgartner de-pressurises the capsule, opens the door and jumps
    • Completed (jumped from capsule at approximately 12:07 MDT (18:07 UTC))
  4. At approximately {{convert|30000|m}}, Baumgartner reaches the speed of sound
    • Achieved Mach 1.25—{{convert|1357.64|kph}}&91;47&93;—after approximately 00:40 of freefall
  5. After approximately 3:30 of freefall, air resistance slows Baumgartner as the atmosphere becomes denser
    • Parachute deployed at 4:16 and fully opened by 4:19, earlier than scheduled, preventing the duration milestone from being reached
  6. Baumgartner deploys his parachute at approximately {{convert|2500|m}} above sea level, and 1500 m above ground level.
    • Completed
  7. Approximately 5:00 of controlled parachute descent until landing
    • Completed at approximately 12:17 MDT (18:17 UTC)
  8. Mission control remotely detach the balloon from the capsule; both descend to Earth to be recovered
    • Completed

  • ;The following table shows the ascent of the capsule from ground to top altitude in altitude (ft) and velocity (ft/min) versus time (min).

Scientific benefits

There were many unknowns about what would happen with Baumgartner when he jumped, the biggest of which was what breaking the sound barrier would do to his body.[48] Gathered information on the feasibility of high-altitude bailouts will be useful to the budding commercial space-flight industry.[48] Dr. Jonathan Clark, medical director of the project, said: {{quotation|We'll be setting new standards for aviation. Never before has anyone reached the speed of sound without being in an aircraft. Red Bull Stratos is testing new equipment and developing the procedures for inhabiting such high altitudes as well as enduring such extreme acceleration. The aim is to improve the safety for space professionals as well as potential space tourists.[49]}}

The project provided data for the development of high-performance, high-altitude parachute systems. It has been stated these will inform the development of new ideas for emergency evacuation from vehicles, such as spacecraft, passing through the stratosphere.[50]

Controversy

While the jump altitude was generally described as the "edge of space" in the media,[51] critics questioned that label, pointing that the more scientifically accepted definition for the "edge of space" is the Kármán line at {{convert|100|km}}, or nearly three times the height of the project's jump altitude.[52] The 100 km altitude is also used as a defining line by the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, which administers aeronautics records worldwide.[53]

See also

  • Project Excelsior
  • Alan Eustace
  • Speed skydiving

References

1. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|last=Michelson|first=Megan|title=Baumgartner makes record freefall|url=http://espn.go.com/action/story/_/id/8504226/felix-baumgartner-sets-new-records-24-mile-high-freefall|accessdate=14 October 2012|newspaper=ESPN|date=14 October 2012}}
2. ^{{cite news|title=Felix Baumgartner to make space jump attempt on Sunday|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/space/9600661/Felix-Baumgartner-to-make-space-jump-attempt-on-Sunday.html|accessdate=11 October 2012|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=11 October 2012|location=London}}
3. ^{{cite news |last=Paur |first=Jason |title=Red Bull Releases Incredible POV Video of 128,000-Foot Stratos Jump |url=https://www.wired.com/autopia/2013/10/pov-red-bull-stratos-jump/ |date=15 October 2013|work=Wired |accessdate=15 October 2013 }}
4. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Henderson|first1=Barney|last2=Irvine|first2=Chris|title=Skydiver Felix Baumgartner attempts to break sound barrier: latest|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/space/9595760/Skydiver-Felix-Baumgartner-attempts-to-break-sound-barrier-live.html|accessdate=9 October 2012|newspaper=Telegraph|date=9 October 2012|location=London}}
5. ^{{cite news|last=Smith|first=Chris|title=Red Bull Stratos Live Blog: Watch Felix Baumgartner Break Speed Of Sound|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/chrissmith/2012/10/09/red-bull-stratos-live-blog-watch-felix-baumgartner-break-speed-of-sound/|accessdate=9 October 2012|newspaper=Forbes|quote=This post is from Tuesday’s failed launch attempt.|date=9 October 2012}}
6. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite news|last=Irvine|first=Chris|title=Felix Baumgartner: Daredevil in record-breaking free fall attempt: live|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/space/9607604/Skydiver-Felix-Baumgartner-attempts-to-break-sound-barrier-live.html|accessdate=14 October 2012|newspaper=Telegraph|date=14 October 2012|location=London}}
7. ^1 2 {{cite news|last=Amos|first=Jonathan|title=Skydiver Felix Baumgartner lands highest ever jump|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-19943590|accessdate=14 October 2012|newspaper=BBC|date=14 October 2012}}
8. ^{{cite news|title=Fearless Felix makes successful freefall jump|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=10840566|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20121015073004/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=10840566|dead-url=yes|archive-date=15 October 2012|accessdate=15 October 2012|newspaper=New Zealand Herald|date=15 October 2012}}
9. ^{{cite book|last=Ryan|first=Craig|title=The Pre-Astronauts: Manned Ballooning on the Threshold of Space|year=2003|publisher=Naval Institute Press|isbn=978-1591147480|pages=258–269|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1QS38bu9iTwC&pg=PA267&lpg=PA267}}
10. ^{{cite book|last=Ryan|first=Craig|title=Magnificent Failure: Free Fall from the Edge of Space|year=2003|publisher=Smithsonian Books|isbn=978-1588341419|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1QS38bu9iTwC&pg=PA267}}
11. ^{{cite journal|last=Betancourt|first=Mark|journal=Air & Space Magazine|date=July 2012|url=http://www.airspacemag.com/flight-today/Bullet-Man.html?c=y&page=1|title=The 120,000-Foot Leap}}
12. ^{{cite news|title=Chutist Changes Mind 123,500 Feet in Sky|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1966/02/03/archives/chutist-changes-mind-123500-feet-in-sky.html|accessdate=13 October 2012|newspaper=New York Times|date=2 February 1966}}
13. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Baumgartner's Records Ratified By FAI|url=http://www.fai.org/news-of-records/37017-baumgartners-records-ratified-by-fai|accessdate=27 March 2013}}
14. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn18427-space-diver-to-attempt-first-supersonic-freefall.html |title='Space diver' to attempt first supersonic freefall |first=Charles Q. |last=Choi |date=22 January 2010 |work=New Scientist |accessdate=29 January 2010 }}
15. ^{{cite web|last=Diaz|first=Jesus|url=https://gizmodo.com/5454895/man-to-break-sound-barrier-jumping-from-edge-of-space |title=Man to Break Sound Barrier Jumping from Edge of Space |publisher=Gizmodo.com |date=22 January 2010|accessdate=18 May 2010}}
16. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/news/faster-than-the-speed-of-sound-the-man-who-falls-to-earth-1877875.html |title=Faster than the speed of sound: the man who falls to earth |first=Tony |last=Paterson |date=25 January 2010 |work=The Independent |accessdate=29 January 2010 | location=London}}
17. ^{{Cite news|last=Quain |first=John R. |url=http://www.foxnews.com/scitech/2010/04/09/felix-baumgartner-red-bull-supersonic-suit/ |title=Daredevil to Plunge From Outer Space in Supersonic Suit |publisher=Fox News |date= 11 April 2010|accessdate=18 May 2010}}
18. ^{{cite web|title=Red Bull Stratos: Mission Accomplished|url=https://www.redbullcontentpool.com/content/stratos/products/red_bull_stratos_mission_accomplished|work=Red Bull Stratos Mission Press Releases|publisher=Red Bull Stratos Mission|accessdate=14 October 2012}}
19. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704164004575548514271289990 | work=The Wall Street Journal | first=Andy | last=Pasztor | title=Lawsuit Grounds Red Bull | date=12 October 2010}}
20. ^{{cite press release |url=http://redbullstratos.digitalnewsagency.com/story/view/4992-statement-regarding-red-bull-stratos/all |title=Statement regarding Red Bull Stratos |accessdate=5 December 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101213191127/http://redbullstratos.digitalnewsagency.com/story/view/4992-statement-regarding-red-bull-stratos/all |archivedate=13 December 2010 |df=dmy-all }}
21. ^{{cite press release | url=http://www.redbullstratos.com/JumpOnHold.aspx | title=Official statement on closing of legal case | publisher=Red Bull Stratos | date=30 June 2011 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111227014738/http://www.redbullstratos.com/JumpOnHold.aspx | archivedate=27 December 2011 | df=dmy-all }}
22. ^{{cite news | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/space/9061387/Sky-diver-to-break-sound-barrier-with-jump-from-edge-of-space.html |work=The Daily Telegraph | title=Sky diver to break sound barrier with jump from edge of space | date=5 February 2012 | first=Richard | last=Gray | location=London}}
23. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Latest-News-Wires/2012/0315/Skydiver-jumps-13.6-miles-on-path-to-world-s-highest-jump |title=Skydiver jumps 13.6 miles on path to world's highest jump |first=Marcia |last=Dunn |work=The Christian Science Monitor |date=15 March 2012 |accessdate=15 March 2012}}
24. ^{{cite web |first = Marcia | last = Dunn | url=http://phys.org/news/2012-07-parachutist-stratospheric.html |title=Skydiver Fearless Felix jumps from 18 miles up | publisher=Phys.Org | date= 25 July 2012 | accessdate=9 October 2012}}
25. ^{{cite news | first = Chuck | last = Squatriglia | title = 'Fearless Felix' Hits 536 MPH Skydiving From 18 Miles Up | date = 25 July 2012 |work = Wired | url = https://www.wired.com/playbook/2012/07/felix-baumgartner-redbull-stratos/ | accessdate =9 October 2012}}
26. ^{{cite news | first = Marcia | last = Dunn | title = Skydiver Fearless Felix jumps from 18 miles up | date = 25 July 2012 | agency = The Associated Press | url = https://news.yahoo.com/skydiver-fearless-felix-jumps-18-miles-161900738.html | work = Yahoo! News | accessdate =9 October 2012}}
27. ^{{Cite news|last=Tierney |first=John |title=A Supersonic Jump, From 23 Miles in the Air |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/16/science/16tier.html?src=me&ref=general |work=New York Times |date=15 March 2010 |accessdate=17 March 2010 |authorlink= John Tierney (journalist) }}
28. ^{{cite news|last=Stanglin|first=Doug|title=Supersonic skydive attempt scrubbed by gusty winds|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/ondeadline/2012/10/09/skydiver-new-mexico-austrian-baumgartner-sound-barrier/1622139/|accessdate=13 October 2012|newspaper=USA Today|date=9 October 2012}}
29. ^1 {{cite web|title=Launch Progress|url=http://www.redbullstratos.com/the-mission/launch-progress/|publisher=Red Bull Stratos|accessdate=10 October 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120608223402/http://www.redbullstratos.com/the-mission/launch-progress/|archivedate=8 June 2012|df=dmy-all}}
30. ^{{cite news|title=Skydiver Cancels Try at Supersonic Jump|url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2012/10/09/us/ap-us-supersonic-skydiver.html?partner=rss&emc=rss&smid=tw-nytimes|work=The New York Times|agency=Associated Press|date=9 October 2012|accessdate=9 October 2012}}
31. ^{{cite news|last=Tierney|first=John|title=New Mexico: Skydiver Delays 22-Mile Jump|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/10/us/new-mexico-jump-is-delayed.html?_r=0|work=The New York Times|accessdate=10 October 2012|date=9 October 2012}}
32. ^{{cite web|title=Red Bull Stratos Felix Baumgartner space jump postponed|url=http://abclocal.go.com/wls/story?section=news/national_world&id=8841978|publisher=ABC News|accessdate=10 October 2012}}
33. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.popsci.com/technology/article/2012-10/watch-felix-baumgartners-record-setting-jump-32000-feet-live |title=Watch Felix Baumgartner's Record-Setting Jump From 120,000 Feet Live |publisher=Popular Science |date=14 October 2012 |accessdate=15 October 2012}}
34. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|publisher=Red Bull Stratos|title=Mission to the Edge of Space: Live|url=http://www.redbullstratos.com/live/|date=14 October 2012|accessdate=14 October 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6CtdNRQFc?url=http://www.redbullstratos.com/live/|archivedate=14 December 2012|df=dmy-all}}
35. ^1 {{cite news|title=Felix Baumgartner lands safely after 24 mile skydive|url=http://www.itv.com/news/2012-10-14/felix-baumgartner-skydive-red-bull-stratos/|accessdate=14 October 2012|newspaper=ITN|date=14 October 2012}}
36. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news|last=Kolawole|first=Emi|title=Felix Baumgartner lands after flying faster than the speed of sound (LIVE BLOG)|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/innovations/post/felix-baumgartner-tries-record-breaking-jump-again-live-blog/2012/10/14/b7ddfc18-159d-11e2-be82-c3411b7680a9_blog.html|accessdate=14 October 2012|newspaper=Washington Post|date=14 October 2012}}
37. ^{{cite news|last=Smith|first=Chris|title=Red Bull Stratos LIVE: Watch Felix Baumgartner Break The Speed Of Sound|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/chrissmith/2012/10/14/red-bull-stratos-live-watch-as-felix-baumgarter-goes-supersonic/|accessdate=14 October 2012|newspaper=Forbes|date=14 October 2012}}
38. ^{{cite news|last=Rushe|first=Dominic|title=Felix Baumgartner lands safely after record-breaking jump – as it happened|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2012/oct/14/felix-baumgartner-sound-barrier-live|accessdate=14 October 2012|newspaper=The Guardian|date=14 October 2012|location=London}}
39. ^{{cite news|title=Skydiver Baumgartner breaks record for highest ever parachute jump|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/skydiver-baumgartner-breaks-record-for-highest-ever-parachute-jump-8206637.html|accessdate=14 October 2012|newspaper=The Independent|date=14 October 2012|location=London}}
40. ^{{cite web |url=http://youtube-global.blogspot.ca/2012/10/mission-complete-red-bull-stratos-lands.html |title=YouTube Blog, Mission complete: Red Bull Stratos lands safely back on Earth |accessdate=14 October 2012 }}
41. ^{{cite web |last=Li |first=Anita |url=http://mashable.com/2012/10/15/space-jump-youtube-record/ |title=Final Numbers Are In: Space Jump Breaks YouTube Record |publisher=Mashable |date=15 October 2012 |accessdate=15 October 2012 }}
42. ^{{cite news|last=Caulfield |first=Philip |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/felix-baumgartner-feel-broke-sound-barrier-article-1.1183735 |title=Felix Baumgartner on breaking the sound barrier: 'I didn't feel it;' helmet-cam video shows what Austrian daredevil saw during awe-inspiring leap (Video) |work=NY Daily News |date=15 October 2012 |accessdate=15 October 2012 |location=New York}}
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44. ^{{cite web|title=Red Bull Stratos: The Facts Speak For Themselves|url=http://www.redbull.com/cs/Satellite/en_INT/Article/Red-Bull-Stratos-The-Facts-Speak-For-Themselves-021243272064887|accessdate=22 October 2012|publisher=Red Bull Stratos|date=22 October 2012}}
45. ^{{cite news|last=Hickman|first=Leo|title=Felix Baumgartner skydive: the key questions answered|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/shortcuts/2012/oct/15/felix-baumgartner-skydive-key-questions-answered|accessdate=17 October 2012|newspaper=The Guardian|date=15 October 2012|location=London}}
46. ^1 {{cite web|title=Mission Red Bull Stratos lifts off in Roswell, New Mexico|url=https://www.redbullcontentpool.com/content/stratos/products/mission_red_bull_stratos_lifts_off_in_roswell_new_mexico|work=Red Bull Stratos Newsroom|publisher=Red Bull Media House|accessdate=9 October 2012}}
47. ^{{cite news|last=Kolawole|first=Emi|title=Felix Baumgartner lands after flying faster than the speed of sound|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/innovations/post/felix-baumgartner-tries-record-breaking-jump-again-live-blog/2012/10/14/b7ddfc18-159d-11e2-be82-c3411b7680a9_blog.html?tid=sm_twitter_washingtonpost|work=The Washington Post|accessdate=14 October 2012|date=16 October 2012}}
48. ^1 {{cite journal|last=Holden|first=Constance|title=Stratospheric Jump|journal=Science|date=5 February 2010|volume=327|pages=627|doi=10.1126/science.327.5966.627-c}}
49. ^{{cite web|title=Charting new possibilities in human flight, aerospace medicine, and high altitude escape systems|url=http://www.redbullstratos.com/science/|accessdate=20 October 2012}}
50. ^{{cite news|last=Amos|first=Jonathan|title=Skydiver Felix Baumgartner breaks sound barrier|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-19943590|publisher=www.bbc.co.uk|accessdate=20 October 2012|date=14 October 2012}}
51. ^{{cite book|last=van den Hur|first=Ann Marie|title=Social Media Crisis Communications: Preparing for, Preventing, and Surviving a Public Relations #FAIL|year=2013|publisher=Que Publishing|isbn=9780133353891}}
52. ^{{cite news|last=Platt|first=Phill|title=Space Leap of Faith|url=http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/tag/felix-baumgartner/#.UYcFFqvwI98|newspaper=Discover Magazine|date=16 October 2012}}
53. ^{{cite news|last=Rice|first=Tony|title=Jump from space? Not quite|url=http://www.wral.com/jump-from-space-not-quite/11666095/|newspaper=WRAL-TV|date=16 October 2012}}

External links

  • Equivital Hidalgo
  • {{Commons category-inline|Red Bull Stratos}}
  • Red Bull Stratos
  • Space Dive, Sunday, 11 November at 7 p.m. E/P on the National Geographic Channel. (2012)
  • [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=raiFrxbHxV0 Video (09:25) - Felix Jump - POV from Stratosphere (127,851 ft) - 14 October 2012.]
{{Red Bull}}

7 : Balloons (aircraft)|Parachuting|Red Bull|Roswell, New Mexico|Space diving|2012 in New Mexico|2012 in aviation
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