“Manchester-by-the-Sea, Massachusetts”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Manchester was first settled by Europeans in 1629 and was officially incorporated in 1645. It was formed out of territory taken from Salem (that portion since given to Beverly) and Gloucester.

The community thrived primarily as a fishing community for over 200 years. Its economy shifted to that of a Boston area summer colony starting in 1845, when Richard Dana, a Boston-based poet, built a house in the town. Over the next fifty years, development of summer houses along the coastline established the community as Boston society's community of choice for summer residency. The trend continued with designs by other notable architects, such as "Sunny Waters", designed by John Hubbard Sturgis for his older brother, Russell, in 1862.

The most famous of these "summer cottages" was Kragsyde, built on Smith's Point in 1883 and demolished in 1929. Commissioned by George Nixon Black, the Peabody and Stearns-designed residence has been hailed as the zenith of the Shingle style substyle of the Queen Anne style of architecture.

Name

To prevent confusion with the nearby and much larger city of Manchester, New Hampshire, the name of the town was officially changed in 1989 following a close town meeting vote that year and an act of the state legislature passed on September 25, 1989.^[2]

The name change was driven by Edward Corley, a longtime resident of Manchester.^[3] All town documents, and the town seal, now use the name "Manchester-by-the-Sea", and as a result of some minor resident activism, so do the majority of public and private lists of Massachusetts cities and towns, including that of the state government.{{citation needed|date=August 2015}}

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of {{convert|47.3|km2|order=flip}}, of which {{convert|23.9|km2|order=flip}} is land and {{convert|23.4|km2|order=flip}}, or 49.47%, is water. The town lies along the North Shore of Massachusetts Bay, which in turn leads to the Atlantic Ocean. There are seven beaches lining the coast, and several small islands dot the coast, the largest being Kettle Island and House Island.

Several small coves edge the coast, the largest being Manchester Harbor, which is fed by Sawmill Brook and other small bodies of water. There are several protected areas within town, including Cedar Swamp Conservation Area, Cheever Commons Conservation Area, Coolidge Reservation, Dexter Pond, Owl's Nest Nature Preservation Land, Powder House Hill Reservation, and Wyman Hill Conservation Area.

Manchester-by-the-Sea is bordered by Beverly and Wenham to the west, Hamilton to the northwest, Essex to the north, and Gloucester to the east. The town is located {{convert|9|mi|km}} northeast of Salem and {{convert|24|mi|km}} northeast of Boston.

Transportation

Manchester-by-the-Sea lies along Massachusetts Route 128, which has two exits within town as it passes from Beverly to Gloucester, with a small portion crossing through the corner of Essex. Route 127 also passes from west to east through town, traveling through the center of town. There is no bus service directly into town, with service passing east via the Cape Ann Transportation Authority in Gloucester and MBTA Bus, which provides service to Beverly.

The town is served by a stop along the Newburyport/Rockport Line of the MBTA Commuter Rail, providing service from Rockport along the North Shore to Boston's North Station. The nearest airport is the Beverly Municipal Airport, with the nearest national and international service at Boston's Logan International Airport.

Demographics

As of the census of 2010,^[4] there were 5,136 people, 2,147 households, and 1,444 families residing in the town. The population density was 562.7 people per square mile (217.3/km²). There were 2,276 housing units at an average density of 250.5 per square mile (96.7/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 97.6% White, .1% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.9% Asian, 0.1% from other races, and 1.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.5% of the population.

There were 2,147 households out of which 29.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.6% were married couples living together, 8.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.7% were non-families. 28.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.96.^[4]

In the town, the population was spread out with 25.1% under the age of 19, 3.0% from 20 to 24, 17.2% from 25 to 44, 34.9% from 45 to 64, and 16.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 47.6 years.^[4]

The median income for a household in the town was $95,243, and the median income for a family was $109,760. Males had a median income of $89,125 versus $56,579 for females. The per capita income for the town was $68,228. About 4.5% of families and 5.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.9% of those under age 18 and 3.7% of those age 65 or over.^[4]

Newspaper

The local newspaper, The Manchester Cricket, is published weekly. The town is also served by a regional newspaper, the Gloucester Daily Times.

Points of interest

Singing Beach

One mile from the town center is Singing Beach, so named because the sand comprising the beach squeaks when walked upon (see Singing sand). The sand is also an iridescent color when the sun sets.^[5] This beach is quite popular during summer months in particular because it is easily accessible from Boston by a half-mile walk from the MBTA train station. Also located on this historic beach is the famous tourist attraction "Eaglehead", a rock composite that is the focal point of rock climbing and other recreation activities.

Other points of interest

Film references

It was also featured in a season of the TV series This Old House, and was featured in a "Main Streets and Back Roads" episode of Chronicle.

Notable people

References

1. ^{{Cite web| url=http://factfinder2.census.gov| title=Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): Manchester-by-the-Sea town, Essex County, Massachusetts| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder| accessdate=September 4, 2012}}
2. ^Manchester-by-the-Sea official website; accessed August 10, 2015.
3. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20150924200239/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-7643094.html "Edward F. Corley, 68 Leader in Manchester-by-the-Sea"]. The Boston Globe, January 13, 1991. Archived by HighBeam Research. Retrieved February 28, 2017.
4. ^¹²³{{cite web|title=American FactFinder |url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/community_facts.xhtml |work=United States Census Bureau Website |accessdate=14 January 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210041242/http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/community_facts.xhtml |archivedate=10 December 2014 |df= }}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.manchester.ma.us/Facilities/Facility/Details/Singing-Beach-11|title=Singing Beach|website=Manchester-by-the-Sea, MA}}
6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.mect.org/kiosk-completed-at-wilderness-conservation-area-gateway/|title=Kiosk Completed at Wilderness Conservation Area Gateway|website=www.mect.org|access-date=2016-04-28|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425072230/http://www.mect.org/kiosk-completed-at-wilderness-conservation-area-gateway/|archivedate=2016-04-25|df=}}

History