1. Additional application

2. See also

3. References

4. Further reading

5. External links

Dalmar Fisher, an associate professor at Boston College, developed a model for Reflective Listening that includes the following elements:^[3]

• Focusing upon the conversation by reducing or eliminating any kind of distraction.{{citation needed|date=May 2012}}
• Genuinely embracing the speaker's perspective without necessarily agreeing with it. By engaging in a non-judgmental and empathetic approach, listeners encourage the others to speak freely. {{citation needed|date=May 2012}}
• Mirroring the mood of the speaker, reflecting the emotional state with words and nonverbal communication. This requires the listener to quiet his mind and focus fully upon the mood of the speaker. This mood will become apparent not just in the words used but in the tone of voice, posture and other nonverbal cues given by the speaker. The listener will look for congruence between words and mood.{{citation needed|date=May 2012}}
• Summarizing what the speaker said, using the speaker's own words rather than merely paraphrasing words and phrases, thereby mirroring the essential concept of the speaker. {{citation needed|date=May 2012}}
• Responding to the speaker's specific point, without digressing to other subjects.{{citation needed|date=May 2012}}
• Repeating the procedure for each subject, and switching the roles of speaker and listener, if necessary.{{citation needed|date=May 2012}}
• During the reflective listening approach, both client and therapist embrace the technique of thoughtful silence, rather than to engage in idle chatter.^[4]

Additional application

Reflective listening has been found to be effective in a therapeutic setting. Subjects receiving reflective listening from a counselor have reported better therapeutic relationship and more disclosure of feelings.^[5]

Cognitive content is one of the two main options that a counselor has for reflecting the client's previous communication in the counseling session.{{citation needed|date=May 2012}} This form deals with people, places, problems, situations, and things.{{citation needed|date=May 2012}} Cognitive content can play a role in help with problem solving.{{citation needed|date=May 2012}} Incorporating cognitive content in problem solving makes it easier for clients to identify and work through issues. If neither the counselor nor the client can identify a problem that the client has, there is no need to problem solve and there is no need for counseling. Similar to problem solving where one initially identifies the quandary, counseling calls for identification of the fundamental issue in order to successfully change the client's behaviors or thought patterns.^[6]

See also

• Focusing (psychotherapy)
• Motivational interviewing

References

Further reading

• {{cite journal | last1 = Arnold | first1 = Kyle | year = 2014 | title = Behind the Mirror: Reflective Listening and its Tain in the Work of Carl Rogers | url = https://www.academia.edu/8874100/Behind_the_Mirror_Reflective_Listening_and_its_Tain_in_the_Work_of_Carl_Rogers | journal = The Humanistic Psychologist | volume = 42 | issue = 4| pages = 354–369 | doi=10.1080/08873267.2014.913247}}
• {{cite journal |doi=10.1177/1046878197281002 |title=In Conversation: Transforming Experience into Learning |year=1997 |last1=Baker |first1=A. C. |last2=Jensen |first2=P. J. |last3=Kolb |first3=D. A. |journal=Simulation & Gaming |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=6–12}}
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20080907231344/http://www2.bc.edu/~fisher Fisher, Dalmar] (1981). Communication in organizations. St. Paul, Minnesota: West Publishing Company.
• {{cite journal |id={{INIST|3863920}} |doi=10.2466/pr0.1993.73.3f.1147 |title=Nondirective Counseling Interventions with Schizophrenics |year=1993 |last1=Gerwood |first1=Joseph B. |journal=Psychological Reports |volume=73 |issue=3f |pages=1147–51 |pmid=8115566}}
• Katz, Neil H. and John W. Lawyer (1985). Communication and conflict resolution skills. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall Hunt.
• Kotzman, Anne (1984). Reflective listening. Kew, Victoria: Institute of Early Childhood Development.
• Rogers, Carl (1951). Client-Centered Therapy: its current practice, implications, and theory. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
• {{cite journal |doi=10.1002/1520-6696(197701)13:1<78::AID-JHBS2300130109>3.0.CO;2-9 |title=William S. Sahakian. History and systems of psychology. New York: Wiley, 1975. Xviii + 494 pp. $19.50; paper, $8.95. (Paul T. Mountjoy) |year=1977 |last1=Sahakian |first1=William S. |journal=Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=78–81}}

External links

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20110724224503/http://www.nhchc.org/Curriculum/module3/H5ReflectiveListening.pdf Reflective Listening] — One-page summary used by National Health Care for the Homeless Council (currently under construction as of January 12, 2013)

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