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词条 Registration Convention
释义

  1. Current status

  2. List of states parties

      Signatories that are not parties    Organizations accepting the rights and obligations  

  3. Proposals

  4. Background

  5. Notes

  6. References

  7. External links

{{Infobox treaty
| name = Registration Convention
| long_name = Convention on Registration of Objects Launched into Outer Space
| image =
| caption =
| type =
| date_drafted =
| date_signed = 12 November 1974
| location_signed =New York City, New York, United States
| date_sealed =
| date_effective = 15 September 1976
| condition_effective = 5 ratifications
| signatories = 25
| parties = 69
| ratifiers =
| depositor = Secretary-General of the United Nations
| language =
| languages = Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish
| wikisource =
| image_width =
| date_expiration =
}}

The Convention on Registration of Objects Launched into Outer Space (commonly known as the Registration Convention) was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1974[1][2] and went into force in 1976. As of December 2018, it has been ratified by 69 states.[3]

The convention requires states to furnish to the United Nations with details about the orbit of each space object. A registry of launchings was already being maintained by the United Nations as a result of a General Assembly Resolution in 1962.[3][4]

The Registration Convention and four other space law treaties are administered by the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space.{{inconsistent}}

The European Space Agency and European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites have submitted declarations of acceptance of rights and obligations according to the convention.[5]

Current status

The register is kept by the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) and includes[6]

  • Name of launching State
  • An appropriate designator of the space object or its registration number
  • Date and territory or location of launch
  • Basic orbital parameters (Nodal period, Inclination, Apogee and Perigee)
  • General function of the space object

Information on registered objects is available at the UNOOSA site

List of states parties

There are currently 69 states parties to the Convention.[7]

State party Signed Deposited Entered into force
Algeria}} —2007|March|9|format=dmy}}2007|March|9|format=dmy}}
Antigua and Barbuda}} —1988|December|13|format=dmy}}1988|December|13|format=dmy}}
Argentina}}1975|March|26|format=dmy}}1993|May|5|format=dmy}}1993|May|5|format=dmy}}
Armenia}} —2018|January|19|format=dmy}}2018|January|19|format=dmy}}
Australia}} —1986|March|11|format=dmy}}1986|March|11|format=dmy}}
Austria}}1975|October|14|format=dmy}}1980|March|6|format=dmy}}1980|March|6|format=dmy}}
Belarus}}{{Efn|group=upper-alpha|Belarus signed and ratified the Convention as the {{Flag|Byelorussian SSR}}, which was a republic within the Soviet Union. The current Belarusian state did not begin to exist until after the dissolution of the Soviet Union on 26 December 1991.}}1975|June|30|format=dmy}}1978|January|26|format=dmy}}1978|January|26|format=dmy}}
Belgium}}1975|June|30|format=dmy}}1977|February|24|format=dmy}}1977|February|24format=dmy}
Brazil}} —2006|March|17|format=dmy}}2006|March|17|format=dmy}}
Bulgaria}}1976|February|4|format=dmy}}1976|May|11|format=dmy}}1976|September|15|format=dmy}}
Canada}}1975|February|14|format=dmy}}1976|August|4|format=dmy}}1976|September|15|format=dmy}}
Chile}} —1981|September|17|format=dmy}}1981|September|17|format=dmy}}
China}}{{Efn|group=upper-alpha|name=Hong Kong|On 30 March 1978, the United Kingdom declared that the Convention applied to all its territories, including Hong Kong, whose sovereignty was transferred to China on 1 July 1997. China filed a declaration that upon the transfer, the Convention would continue to apply to Hong Kong.}} —1981|September|17|format=dmy}}1981|September|17|format=dmy}}
Colombia}} —2014|January|10|format=dmy}}2014|January|10|format=dmy}}
Costa Rica}} —2010|October|14|format=dmy}}2010|October|14|format=dmy}}
Cuba}} —1978|April|10|format=dmy}}1978|April|10|format=dmy}}
Cyprus}}{{Efn|group=upper-alpha|name=Cyprus and Turkey|Turkey filed a statement when it acceded to the Convention which implicitly stated that it did not intend for the Convention to be in force with Cyprus. Cyprus objected to the declaration on 21 June 2007 and stated that it would recognize the Convention as being in force with Turkey.}} —1978|July|6|format=dmy}}1978|July|6|format=dmy}}
Czech Republic}}{{Efn|group=upper-alpha|name=Czechoslovakia|{{Flag|Czechoslovakia}} signed the Convention on 5 April 1976 and ratified it on 26 July 1977, which was also the date it entered into force for Czechoslovakia. Czechoslovakia dissolved into the Czech Republic and Slovakia on 31 December 1992.}} —1993|February|22|format=dmy}}1993|February|22|format=dmy}}
Denmark}}1975|December|12|format=dmy}}1977|April|1|format=dmy}}1977|April|1|format=dmy}}
Finland}} —2018|January|15|format=dmy}}2018|January|15|format=dmy}}
France}}1975|January|14|format=dmy}}1975|December|17|format=dmy}}1976|September|15|format=dmy}}
Germany}}{{Efn|group=upper-alpha|{{Flag|East Germany}} signed the Convention on 27 August 1975 and ratified it on 12 May 1977, which was also the date it entered into force for East Germany. East Germany was absorbed by West Germany (the current German state) on 3 October 1990.}}1976|March|2|format=dmy}}1979|October|16|format=dmy}}1979|October|16|format=dmy}}
Greece}} —2003|May|27|format=dmy}}2003|May|27|format=dmy}}
Hungary}}1975|October|13|format=dmy}}1977|October|26|format=dmy}}1977|October|26|format=dmy}}
India}} —1982|January|18|format=dmy}}1982|January|18|format=dmy}}
Indonesia}} —1997|July|16|format=dmy}}1997|July|16|format=dmy}}
Italy}} —2005|December|8|format=dmy}}2005|December|8|format=dmy}}
Japan}} —1983|June|20|format=dmy}}1983|June|20|format=dmy}}
Kazakhstan}} —2001|January|11|format=dmy}}2001|January|11|format=dmy}}
Korea, North}} —2009|March|10|format=dmy}}2009|March|10|format=dmy}}
Korea, South}} —1981|October|14|format=dmy}}1981|October|14|format=dmy}}
Kuwait}} —2014|April|28|format=dmy}}2014|April|28|format=dmy}}
Lebanon}} —2004|April|28|format=dmy}}2004|April|28|format=dmy}}
Libya}} —2010|January|8|format=dmy}}2010|January|8|format=dmy}}
Liechtenstein}} —1999|February|26|format=dmy}}1999|February|26|format=dmy}}
Lithuania}} —2013|March|8|format=dmy}}2013|March|8|format=dmy}}
Mexico}}1975|December|19|format=dmy}}1977|March|1|format=dmy}}1977|March|1|format=dmy}}
Mongolia}}1975|October|30|format=dmy}}1985|April|10|format=dmy}}1985|April|10|format=dmy}}
Montenegro}}{{Efn|group=upper-alpha|name=Yugoslavia|{{Flag|Yugoslavia}} acceded to the Convention on 24 February 1978, which was also the date it entered into force for Yugoslavia. Yugoslavia has since dissolved.}} —2006|October|23|format=dmy}}2006|October|23|format=dmy}}
Morocco}} —2012|September|19|format=dmy}}2012|September|19|format=dmy}}
Kingdom of the Netherlands|name=Netherlands}} —1981|January|26|format=dmy}}1981|January|26|format=dmy}}
New Zealand}}{{Efn|group=upper-alpha|The Convention is not in force for Tokelau.}} —2018|January|23|format=dmy}}2018|January|23|format=dmy}}
Nicaragua}}1975|May|13|format=dmy}}2017|July|11|format=dmy}}2017|July|11|format=dmy}}
Niger}}1976|August|5|format=dmy}}1976|December|22|format=dmy}}1976|December|22|format=dmy}}
Nigeria}} —2009|July|6|format=dmy}}2009|July|6|format=dmy}}
Norway}} —1995|June|28|format=dmy}}1995|June|28|format=dmy}}
Pakistan}}1975|December|1|format=dmy}}1986|February|27|format=dmy}}1986|February|27|format=dmy}}
Peru}} —1979|March|21|format=dmy}}1979|March|21|format=dmy}}
Poland}}1975|December|4|format=dmy}}1978|November|22|format=dmy}}1978|November|22|format=dmy}}
Portugal}} —2018|November|2|format=dmy}}2018|November|2|format=dmy}}
Qatar}} —2012|March|14|format=dmy}}2012|March|14|format=dmy}}
Russia}}{{Efn|group=upper-alpha|Russia is the successor state to the {{Flag|Soviet Union}}}}1975|June|17|format=dmy}}1978|January|13|format=dmy}}1978|January|13|format=dmy}}
Saudi Arabia}} —2012|July|18|format=dmy}}2012|July|18|format=dmy}}
Serbia}}{{Efn|group=upper-alpha|name=Yugoslavia}}{{Efn|group=upper-alpha|Serbia is the successor state to {{Flag|Serbia and Montenegro}}.}} —2001|March|12|format=dmy}}2001|March|12|format=dmy}}
Seychelles}} —1977|December|28|format=dmy}}1977|December|28|format=dmy}}
Slovakia}}{{Efn|group=upper-alpha|name=Czechoslovakia}} —1993|May|28|format=dmy}}1993|May|28|format=dmy}}
Slovenia}} —2019|February|20|format=dmy}}2019|February|20|format=dmy}}
South Africa}} —2012|January|27|format=dmy}}2012|January|27|format=dmy}}
Spain}} —1978|December|20|format=dmy}}1978|December|20|format=dmy}}
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}} —1999|April|27|format=dmy}}1999|April|27|format=dmy}}
Sweden}}1976|June|9|format=dmy}}1976|June|9|format=dmy}}1976|September|15|format=dmy}}
Switzerland}}1975|April|14|format=dmy}}1978|February|15|format=dmy}}1978|February|15|format=dmy}}
Turkey}}{{Efn|group=upper-alpha|name=Cyprus and Turkey}} —2006|June|21|format=dmy}}2006|June|21|format=dmy}}
Ukraine}}{{Efn|group=upper-alpha|Ukraine signed and ratified the Convention as the {{Flag|Ukrainian SSR}}, which was a republic within the Soviet Union. The current Ukrainian state did not begin to exist until after the dissolution of the Soviet Union on 26 December 1991.}}1975|July|11|format=dmy}}1977|September|14|format=dmy}}1977|September|14|format=dmy}}
United Arab Emirates}} —2000|November|7|format=dmy}}2000|November|7|format=dmy}}
United Kingdom}}{{Efn|group=upper-alpha|name=Hong Kong}}{{Efn|group=upper-alpha|On 30 March 1978, the United Kingdom declared that the Convention applied to all its territories, including Antigua and Barbuda, Brunei, Dominica, Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and the Solomon Islands, which, except for Anguilla, have all since become sovereign states.}}1975|May|6|format=dmy}}1978|March|30|format=dmy}}1978|March|30|format=dmy}}
United States}}1975|January|24|format=dmy}}1976|September|15|format=dmy}}1976|September|15|format=dmy}}
Uruguay}} —1977|August|18|format=dmy}}1977|August|18|format=dmy}}
Venezuela}} —2016|November|3|format=dmy}}2016|November|3|format=dmy}}

Signatories that are not parties

There are three states which have signed, but not ratified, the Convention.[7]

State Signed
Burundi}}1975|November|13|format=dmy}}
Iran}}1975|May|27|format=dmy}}
Singapore}}1976|August|31|format=dmy}}

Organizations accepting the rights and obligations

Several intergovernmental organizations, which cannot be party to the Convention, have nonetheless notified the Secretary-General of the United Nations that they have accepted the rights and obligations of the Convention.[7]

Organization Notified
European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites1997|July|10|format=dmy}}
European Space Agency1979|January|2|format=dmy}}
European Telecommunications Satellite Organization2014|June|10|format=dmy}}
Intersputnik International Organization of Space Communications2018|July|10|format=dmy}}

Proposals

A General Assembly resolution from December 2007 that was accepted by consensus recommended that the data should be extended to include:[8]

  • Coordinated Universal Time as the time reference for the date of launch;
  • Kilometres, minutes and degrees as the standard units for basic orbital parameters;
  • Any useful information relating to the function of the space object in addition to the general function requested by the Registration Convention
  • The geostationary orbit location, if appropriate
  • Any change of status in operations (e.g., when a space object is no longer functional)
  • The approximate date of decay or re-entry
  • The date and physical conditions of moving a space object to a disposal orbit
  • Web links to official information on space objects

Background

{{asof|2008}}, more than 200 dead satellites littered the part of space near geostationary orbit. Within 10 years, that number could increase fivefold, warns a report by the UN. The resulting chaos could lead to serious damage or loss of a spacecraft.[9]

Notes

{{Notelist|group=upper-alpha|close}}

References

1. ^{{UN document |docid=A-RES-3235(XXIX) |type=Resolution |body=General Assembly |session=29 |resolution_number=3235 |accessdate=2008-03-13|title=Convention on Registration of Objects Launched Into Outer Space|date=12 November 1974}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/SpaceLaw/gares/html/gares_29_3235.html|title=Resolution 3235 (XXIX) - Convention on Registration of Objects Launched Into Outer Space|publisher=UNOOSA|date=12 November 1974|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080328222817/http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/SpaceLaw/gares/html/gares_29_3235.html|archivedate=28 March 2008|df=}}
3. ^{{UN document |docid=A-RES-1721(XVI) |type=Resolution |body=General Assembly |session=16 |resolution_number=1721 |accessdate=2008-03-13|title=International co-operation in the peaceful uses of outer space|date=20 December 1962}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/SpaceLaw/gares/html/gares_16_1721.html|title=1721 (XVI) - International Cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space|date=20 December 1962|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080212014710/http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/SpaceLaw/gares/html/gares_16_1721.html|archivedate=12 February 2008|df=}}
5. ^Status of International Agreements relating to activities in outer space as at 1 January 2012
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/SORegister/regist.html|title=Convention on Registration of Objects Launched into Outer Space|publisher=UNOOSA|accessdate=2009-04-06}}
7. ^1 2 3 {{Cite web |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetailsIII.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXIV-1&chapter=24&Temp=mtdsg3&clang=_en |title=Convention on registration of objects launched into outer space |publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection |date=2019-02-22 |accessdate=2019-02-22}}
8. ^{{UN document |docid=A-RES-62-101 |type=Resolution |body=General Assembly |session=62 |resolution_number=101 |date =17 December 2007 |highlight=rect_183,148_840,655 |page=3 |accessdate=2008-03-13}}
9. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2008/feb/24/spaceexplorationspacejunk|title=Warning of catastrophe from mass of 'space junk' - 'Failure to act would be folly,' says report to UN|publisher=The Observer|date=24 February 2008 | location=London | first=Robin | last=McKie | accessdate=22 May 2010}}

External links

  • UNOOSA webpage for the Convention
  • [https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetailsIII.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXIV-1&chapter=24&Temp=mtdsg3&clang=_en] at depositary

99 : Space treaties|Treaties concluded in 1974|Treaties entered into force in 1976|Treaties adopted by United Nations General Assembly resolutions|United Nations treaties|Treaties of Algeria|Treaties of Argentina|Treaties of Antigua and Barbuda|Treaties of Armenia|Treaties of Australia|Treaties of Austria|Treaties of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic|Treaties of Belgium|Treaties of the Brazilian military government|Treaties of the People's Republic of Bulgaria|Treaties of Canada|Treaties of Chile|Treaties of the People's Republic of China|Treaties of Colombia|Treaties of Costa Rica|Treaties of Cuba|Treaties of Cyprus|Treaties of the Czech Republic|Treaties of Czechoslovakia|Treaties of North Korea|Treaties of Denmark|Treaties of Finland|Treaties of France|Treaties of West Germany|Treaties of East Germany|Treaties of Greece|Treaties of the Hungarian People's Republic|Treaties of India|Treaties of Indonesia|Treaties of Italy|Treaties of Japan|Treaties of Kazakhstan|Treaties of Kuwait|Treaties of Lebanon|Treaties of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|Treaties of Liechtenstein|Treaties of Lithuania|Treaties of Mexico|Treaties of the Mongolian People's Republic|Treaties of Montenegro|Treaties of Morocco|Treaties of the Netherlands|Treaties of New Zealand|Treaties of Niger|Treaties of Nigeria|Treaties of Norway|Treaties of Pakistan|Treaties of Peru|Treaties of the Polish People's Republic|Treaties of Portugal|Treaties of Qatar|Treaties of South Korea|Treaties of the Soviet Union|Treaties of Saudi Arabia|Treaties of Serbia and Montenegro|Treaties of Seychelles|Treaties of Slovakia|Treaties of Slovenia|Treaties of South Africa|Treaties of Spain|Treaties of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines|Treaties of Sweden|Treaties of Switzerland|Treaties of Turkey|Treaties of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic|Treaties of the United Arab Emirates|Treaties of the United Kingdom|Treaties of the United States|Treaties of Uruguay|Treaties of Venezuela|Treaties of Yugoslavia|1974 in New York (state)|Treaties extended to the Netherlands Antilles|Treaties extended to Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla|Treaties extended to the Faroe Islands|Treaties extended to Greenland|Treaties extended to British Antigua and Barbuda|Treaties extended to Brunei (protectorate)|Treaties extended to British Dominica|Treaties extended to the British Solomon Islands|Treaties extended to British Saint Vincent and the Grenadines|Treaties extended to Aruba|Treaties extended to Bermuda|Treaties extended to the British Virgin Islands|Treaties extended to British Hong Kong|Treaties extended to the Cayman Islands|Treaties extended to the Falkland Islands|Treaties extended to Gibraltar|Treaties extended to Montserrat|Treaties extended to the Pitcairn Islands|Treaties extended to Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha|Treaties extended to South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands|Treaties extended to the Turks and Caicos Islands|Treaties extended to West Berlin
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