词条 | Republican Action Against Drugs |
释义 |
In July 2012, it was announced that RAAD was merging with the Real Irish Republican Army and other independent republican paramilitary groups to form what is referred to by journalists as the New IRA.[3][4] HistoryThe group formed in late 2008. Shortly afterward, it offered an "amnesty" to all drug dealers, asking them to make themselves known to the group before giving an assurance that they had stopped dealing.[2] In an interview with the Derry Journal in August 2009, the group's leadership explained: "We would monitor the actions of those who have come forward and, given an adequate period of time, interest in those drug dealers would cease and they could start to lead normal lives".[2] The group claims to have an intelligence network within the Derry area and stated, "We would never act unless we hold undeniable evidence that the person punished has been dealing in drugs. We regularly compile information on certain individuals – including CCTV footage and statements from those who have received drugs from these people". As its name suggests, it comes from an Irish republican background.[2] In the 1990s, a group calling itself Direct Action Against Drugs (DAAD) operated in Northern Ireland and used similar methods. Many believe DAAD was linked to the Provisional Irish Republican Army.[5] On the topic of politics, RAAD's leadership said: "There is absolutely no political agenda within our organisation. Our only aim is to eliminate drug dealers from our society and put an end to them destroying our community". The RAAD leadership claimed that some of its members had been involved with the Provisional IRA in the past, and added that Sinn Féin members and officials "have approached us privately, claiming that they support what we are attempting to achieve".[2] In an October 2010 interview with the Strabane Chronicle, a RAAD spokesman claimed all of its members are former republican volunteers who support the peace process.[6] During an investigation into RAAD in June 2012, the home of the Sinn Féin Mayor of Derry, Kevin Campbell, was raided and searched by the Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI).[7][8] The group was the focus of a 2010 BBC Northern Ireland Spotlight documentary.[9] In April 2010, RAAD announced its amnesty for drug dealers would end on 1 June 2010 and that anyone continuing to sell drugs afterwards could be killed.[10] In early June, the Derry Journal reported that RAAD had ordered ten drug dealers to leave Derry immediately.[15] The following month, it claimed that it had given another Derry man 48 hours to leave the country.[11] Around the same time, a Derry teenager publicly apologised for having sold drugs after he was threatened by the group.[12] In July 2010, Kieran McCool, a 42-year-old Derry man was arrested after police found a "scanning device, paramilitary clothing and balaclavas" in his car and a makeshift stun gun in his home. He was described in court as a "key member" of RAAD, but he denied the charge and claimed the stun gun was for his own protection. A detective said that attacks by RAAD had lessened since the McCool's arrest. He was electronically tagged and put under curfew.[13] RAAD claimed its first killing in February 2012 when it shot dead Andrew Allen, a father of two, at his home in Buncrana, County Donegal. Although this was strongly denied by his family, the group claimed Allen had been warned to stop drug dealing but had not done so. They added that Allen was one of six people who would be executed.[14] Later that month, it was reported that RAAD had begun operating in North Belfast, although it is not known if the Belfast group was linked to the one in Derry.[15] In June 2012, RAAD members attacked a PSNI vehicle in Derry with a blast bomb. This was the first time it had attacked security forces, claiming the attack was "a direct response to increased and ever more brutal attacks on republicans and their families" and warned that such attacks would continue "as long as the security forces continue to victimise republican areas". By the time of the attack, many republicans were claiming that RAAD had become a political, dissident republican group.[16] On 26 July, an announcement was made that RAAD was merging with the Real IRA and other dissident republican paramilitaries, but not including the Continuity IRA.[3][4] Timeline{{Cleanup|section|date=July 2010}}The following is a timeline of actions that have been claimed by, or blamed on, Republican Action Against Drugs. 2009
2010January–June
July–December
2011
2012-2014
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.independentmonitoringcommission.org/publications.cfm?id=73|title=PremiumSale.com Premium Domains|publisher=Independentmonitoringcommission.org|accessdate=12 July 2012}} {{RIRA/32CSM}}{{IRAs}}{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2010}}2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|url=http://www.derryjournal.com/news/only-way-to-eradicate-drugs-scourge-is-to-remove-the-dealers-1-2139827 |title='Only way to eradicate drugs scourge is to remove the dealers' - Exclusive interview with Republican Action Against Drugs (RAAD)|date=18 August 2009|accessdate=24 December 2016}} 3. ^1 {{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jul/26/ira-northern-ireland-dissident-republican-groups|title=Republican dissidents join forces to form a new IRA|last=McDonald|first=Henry|publisher=The Guardian|date=26 July 2012|accessdate=26 July 2012|location=London}} 4. ^1 {{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jul/26/ira-northern-ireland-dissident-republican-groups1|title=New IRA: full statement by the dissident 'Army Council'|publisher=The Guardian|date=26 July 2012|accessdate=26 July 2012|location=London}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/othelem/organ/dorgan.htm#daad|title=CAIN: Abstracts of Organisations-'D'|publisher=Cain.ulst.ac.uk|accessdate=12 July 2012}} 6. ^"Face to Face with RAAD" by Conor Sharkey, 7 October 2010, Strabane Chronicle 7. ^[https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-foyle-west-19325822 BBC Northern Ireland report on raid of Derry Mayor Kevin Campbell's home]; accessed 10 April 2014. 8. ^PSNI officers raid Derry' Mayor's home, thejournal.ie (July 2012); accessed 10 April 2014. 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01jv22g|title=Spotlight|publisher=BBC|date=26 June 2012|accessdate=18 July 2012}} 10. ^{{cite web|author=Staff|url=http://www.derryjournal.com/journal/Next-knock-could-be-your.6233036.jp|title='Next knock could be your last'|publisher=Derry Journal|date=16 April 2010|accessdate=12 July 2012}} 11. ^{{cite web|author=Staff|url=http://www.derryjournal.com/journal/RAAD-order-man-out.6429121.jp|title=RAAD order man out|publisher=Derry Journal|date=20 July 2010|accessdate=12 July 2012}} 12. ^{{cite web|author=Published on Friday 16 July 2010|url=http://www.derryjournal.com/journal/Derry-teen-apologises-for-dealing.6424452.jp|title=Derry teen 'apologises' for dealing drugs|publisher=Derry Journal|date=16 July 2010|accessdate=12 July 2012}} 13. ^{{cite news|last=BBC|first=BBC|title=Accused is 'key member of RAAD'|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-11812120|publisher=BBC|accessdate=22 November 2010|date=22 November 2010}} 14. ^1 "RAAD issues chilling warning", Inishowen Independent (23 February 2012); retrieved 1 March 2012. 15. ^"‘RAAD’ now operating in north Belfast - reports", Derry Journal (26 February 2012); retrieved 1 March 2012. 16. ^1 {{cite web|author=Staff|url=http://www.derryjournal.com/news/local/raad-targets-psni-1-3918180|title=RAAD targets PSNI|publisher=Derry Journal|date=5 June 2012|accessdate=12 July 2012}} 17. ^{{cite web|author=Staff|url=http://www.derryjournal.com/journal/RAAD-claim-pipe-bomb-attack.5180774.jp|title=RAAD claim pipe bomb attack at Balmoral Avenue|publisher=Derry Journal|date=17 April 2009|accessdate=12 July 2012}} 18. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/local-national/irish-republican-vigilantes-in-donegal-pipe-bomb-attack-14331387.html|title=Irish republican vigilantes in Donegal pipe bomb attack}} 19. ^{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/foyle_and_west/8296235.stm|work=BBC News|title=Gun attack victim was abducted|date=8 October 2009|accessdate=22 May 2010}} 20. ^{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/foyle_and_west/8302578.stm|work=BBC News|title=Dissidents were behind shooting|date=12 October 2009|accessdate=22 May 2010}} 21. ^{{cite web|author=Staff|url=http://www.derryjournal.com/journal/RAAD-claim-Waterside-gun-attack.5746589.jp|title=RAAD claim 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2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306063735/http://independentmonitoringcommission.org/documents/uploads/hc%20565%20pdf.pdf|archivedate=6 March 2016|df=dmy-all}} 31. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/8619184.stm|work=BBC News|title=Gang enters bedroom to shoot man|date=14 April 2010}} 32. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/sunday-life/news/court-told-that-provisional-ira-behind-dissident-attack-in-Derry-35256820.html |publisher=Belfast Telegraph |title=Court told that Provisional IRA behind dissident attack in Derry}} 33. ^{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/8629000.stm|work=BBC News|title='Criminal gang' claim Derry bombs|date=19 April 2010|accessdate=22 May 2010}} 34. ^{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/8630979.stm|work=BBC News|title=Pipe bomb found in Derry|date=19 April 2010|accessdate=22 May 2010}} 35. ^{{Cite 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^{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/foyle_and_west/10226250.stm|work=BBC News|title=Shot man's house damaged by fire|date=3 June 2010}} 41. ^1 {{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-10676321|work=BBC News|title=Strabane taxi driver shot in both legs|date=18 July 2010}} 42. ^1 2 {{cite web|author=Staff|url=http://www.derryjournal.com/news/raad-order-ten-men-out-1-2146287 |title=RAAD order ten men out|publisher=Derry Journal|date=3 June 2010|accessdate=24 December 2016}} 43. ^{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/foyle_and_west/10180751.stm |work=BBC News |title=Arrests over Strabane explosion |date=28 May 2010}} 44. ^{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/foyle_and_west/10180138.stm |work=BBC News |title=Pub alert device 'was pipe bomb' |date=28 May 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120711145001/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10180138 |archivedate=11 July 2012 |accessdate=24 December 2016 |df=dmy-all }} 45. ^{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/foyle_and_west/10223364.stm|work=BBC News|title=Strabane pipe bomb destroys car|date=3 June 2010}} 46. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.highlandradio.com/2010/06/03/strabane-pipe-bomb-being-linked-to-raad|title=Strabane pipe bomb linked to RAAD|publisher=Highlandradio.com|accessdate=12 July 2012}} 47. ^{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/foyle_and_west/10235726.stm|work=BBC News|title=Car damaged in pipe bomb attack|date=4 June 2010}} 48. ^1 2 {{cite web|author=Staff|url=http://www.derryjournal.com/journal/RAAD-39fired-80-shots39-in.6357006.jp|title=RAAD 'fired 80 shots' in Creggan show of strength|publisher=Derry Journal|date=11 June 2010|accessdate=12 July 2012}} 49. ^{{Cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/foyle_and_west/10262354.stm|work=BBC News|title=Pipe bomb attack on family's home|date=8 June 2010}} 50. ^{{cite web|author=Staff|url=http://www.derryjournal.com/journal/RAAD-39seize-E-tabs-from.6361048.jp|title=RAAD 'seize E tabs from gang'|publisher=Derry Journal|date=14 June 2010|accessdate=12 July 2012}} 51. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/local-national/vigilantes-to-blame-for-attack-say-couple-14856212.html|title=Vigilantes to blame for attack say couple}} 52. ^{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/10412247.stm|work=BBC News|title=Pipe bomb attack on Derry home|date=25 June 2010}} 53. ^{{cite web|author=Staff|url=http://www.derryjournal.com/journal/-Gun-attack-was-39terrifying39.6449197.jp|title=Gun attack was 'terrifying'|publisher=Derry Journal|date=30 July 2010|accessdate=12 July 2012}} 54. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-politics-10772253|work=BBC News|title=PSNI explore RAAD link to Derry shooting|date=27 July 2010}} 55. ^{{cite web|author=Published on Friday 3 September 2010 13:07 |url=http://www.derryjournal.com/journal/RAAD-warn-over-support-for.6511901.jp|title=RAAD warn over support for 'hard men'|publisher=Derry Journal|date=3 September 2010|accessdate=2012-07-12}} 56. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-foyle-west-11372338|work=BBC News|title=Councillor claims 'shots fired at crowd' in Londonderry|date=20 September 2010}} 57. ^{{cite web|author=Staff|url=http://www.derryjournal.com/journal/RAAD-gunman-wasnt-drunk.6549368.jp|title=RAAD gunman 'wasn't drunk'|publisher=Derry Journal|date=24 September 2010|accessdate=12 July 2012}} 58. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-11572393|work=BBC News|title=Fear that Derry shooting victim 'could lose use of leg'|date=19 October 2010}} 59. ^{{cite web|author=Staff|url=http://www.derryjournal.com/journal/Vigilante-group-admits-Creggan-Heights.6598077.jp|title=Vigilante group admits Creggan Heights shooting|publisher=Derry Journal|date=25 October 2010|accessdate=12 July 2012}} 60. ^{{cite web|author=Staff|url=http://www.derryjournal.com/journal/Shooting-victim-admits-being-a.6614924.jp|title=Shooting victim admits being a drug dealer|publisher=Derry Journal|date=5 November 2010|accessdate=12 July 2012}} 61. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/local-national/northern-ireland/why-target-us-ask-the-victims-of-two-pipebomb-blasts-15011136.html|title=Why target us ask the victims of two pipebomb blasts}} 62. ^{{cite web|author=Staff|url=http://www.derryjournal.com/news/local/raad_admit_muff_attack_1_2493733|title=RAAD admit Muff attack|publisher=Derry Journal|date=11 March 2011|accessdate=12 July 2012}} 63. ^{{cite web|author=Staff|url=http://www.derryjournal.com/news/local/raad_warn_estate_agents_1_2709102 |title=RAAD warn estate agents|publisher=Derry Journal|date=24 May 2011|accessdate=12 July 2012}} 64. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-12730190|work=BBC News|title=Children moved away from site of Strabane shooting|date=14 March 2011}} 65. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-13641194|work=BBC News|title=Police say children had a lucky escape in Derry blast|date=3 June 2011}} 66. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.derryjournal.com/news/local/raad_apology_ridiculed_1_2750116|work=Derry Journal|title=RAAD 'apology' ridiculed|date=7 June 2011}} 67. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.derryjournal.com/news/local/we_will_defend_our_community_raad_1_2856060|work=Derry Journal|title=We will defend our community: RAAD|date=13 July 2011}} 68. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/local-national/northern-ireland/two-held-over-derry-shooting-are-released-16082436.html|work=Belfast Telegraph|title=Two held over Derry shooting are released|date=25 November 2011}} 69. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/local-national/northern-ireland/martin-mcguinnesss-nephew-is-victim-in-double-shooting-16090735.html|work=Belfast Telegraph|title=Martin McGuinness's nephew is victim in double shooting|date=14 December 2011}} 70. ^"RAAD claimed responsibility for Strabane shooting". Belfast Telegraph, 5 April 2012. Retrieved 30 April 2012. 71. ^"Mother's anguish after she was ordered to bring son to be shot". Belfast Telegraph, 30 April 2012. Retrieved 30 April 2012. 72. ^"‘I hope he listens now’ - Mum ordered to bring son to be shot", Derry Journal, 30 April 2012; retrieved 30 April 2012. 73. ^[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-foyle-west-17877436 "Protest rally against RAAD is held in Londonderry"]. BBC News, 28 April 2012; retrieved 30 April 2012. 74. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-foyle-west-17938453|title=BBC News - Andrew Allen 'threatened' before murder|publisher=Bbc.co.uk|date=3 May 2012|accessdate=12 July 2012}} 75. ^[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-26762617 "Derry explosion: Bomb in car in Creggan forces people from their homes"]. BBC News. 27 March 2014. 7 : 2008 establishments in Northern Ireland|2012 disestablishments in Northern Ireland|Illegal drug trade in the United Kingdom|Irish republican militant groups|Organizations disestablished in 2008|Organizations established in 2008|Vigilantes |
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