“Resupination”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

with the face upward" or "on the back".^[1] "Resupination" is the noun form of the adjective "resupine" which means "being upside-down, supine or facing upward".^[2]

The word "resupinate" is generally only used in a botanical context - in everyday language, "supine" has a similar meaning.^[3]^[4] In botany, resupination refers to the "twisting" of flowers or leaves through about 180° as they open. Resupinate leaves have the petiole or "stalk" twisted - respuinate flowers twist as they open.^[5]

Examples

Alstroemeriaceae

Orchidaceae

The flower of a typical plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae has three sepals and three petals. One petal, called the labellum, "lip" or "tongue", is typically quite different from the other two. It usually functions to attract an insect pollinator. As an orchid flower bud develops, the attachment of the lip to the axis of the flower is above (or adaxial to) that of the other two petals. In many orchid genera, as the flower opens, it twists so that the attachment of the "lip" is below that of the other two petals, the three sepals and the sexual parts of the flower known as the column. Orchid flowers that undergo this twist are called "resupinate" - those that do not are "non-resupinate".^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]

Although Charles Darwin did not use the term "resupination", he suggested that having the labellum on the lower part of the flower aids pollination by providing a landing place for visiting insects. However, the South American bee Euglossa cordata pollinates both resupinate and non-resupinate orchid flowers. It has also been suggested that resupination exposes the labellum to sunlight, emphasizing patterns and nectar guides and increases the temperature and thus the vaporisation of floral scents.^[11]

Three Australian genera with non-resupinate flowers are Prasophyllum, Cryptostylis and Caleana.^[9]

Fungi

In fungi, the term "resupinate" describes a fruiting body consisting of a fertile surface adnate to the substrate.^[12] Certain genera such as Peniophora^[13] are notable for many of their species being resupinate.

References

1. ^{{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=Roland Wilbur|title=The Composition of Scientific Words|date=1956|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|location=Washington, D.C.|page=478}}
2. ^Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language, College Edition 1964, The World Publishing Company, Cleveland and New York
3. ^{{cite web|title=supine|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/supine|publisher=Merriam-Webster dictionary|accessdate=27 April 2018}}
4. ^{{cite book|last1=Moore|first1=Bruce (ed.)|title=The Australian Oxford Dictionary|date=2002|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=South Melbourne, Vic|isbn=0195507932|page=1348|edition=1999}}
5. ^{{cite journal|last1=Hill|first1=Arthur W.|title=Resupination Studies of Flowers and Leaves|journal=Annals of Botany|date=1939|volume=3|issue=4|pages=871–887|doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a085096}}
6. ^{{cite web|title=Resupination|url=http://www.burwur.net/sinns/3resupe.htm|publisher=Sinningia and Friends|accessdate=28 April 2018}}
7. ^{{cite journal|last1=Ames|first1=Oakes|title=Resupination as a diagnostic character in the Orchidaceae with special reference to Malaxis monophyllos|journal=Botanical Museum leaflets, Harvard University|date=1938|volume=6|issue=8|pages=145–183|jstor=41762701}}
8. ^{{cite web|last1=St George|first1=Ian|title=Resupination|url=https://www.nativeorchids.co.nz/Journals/102/page4.htm|publisher=New Zealand Native Orchid Group|accessdate=27 April 2018}}
9. ^¹{{cite web|last1=Milligan|first1=Brian|title=Resupination|url=http://www.oscov.asn.au/articles2/respun.htm|publisher=Orchid Societies Council of Victoria Inc.|accessdate=27 April 2018}}
10. ^{{cite web|title=Flower resupination|url=http://keys.trin.org.au/key-server/data/08090a09-0d0e-410b-860c-020705070e0e/media/Html/characters/Flower_resupination.htm|publisher=Australian Tropical Rainforest Orchids|accessdate=27 April 2018}}
11. ^{{cite journal|last1=Arditti|first1=Joseph|title=Resupination|journal=Lankesteriana|date=2003|volume=3|issue=2|pages=95–96|doi=10.15517/lank.v3i2.23025}}
12. ^{{cite web|title=cap|url=http://www.mushroomthejournal.com/greatlakesdata/Terms/resup248.html#resup248|publisher=Mushroom, the Journal of Wild Mushrooming.|accessdate=27 April 2018}}
13. ^C. Michael Hogan. 2008. Witch's Butter: Tremella mesenterica, GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. N. Stromberg {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120921064833/http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=50127 |date=2012-09-21 }}