“1902 in literature”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Events

January 5

The political drama Danton's Death (Dantons Tod, completed and published in 1835) by Georg Büchner (d. 1837), receives its première, at the Belle-Alliance-Theater in Berlin in a production by the Vereins Neue Freie Volksbühne.
First performance of George Bernard Shaw's controversial 1893 play Mrs. Warren's Profession at a private club in London.^[1]

January 23 – First published example of the Sherlockian game, a study of inconsistencies of dates in The Hound of the Baskervilles^[2] (the serialisation of which in The Strand Magazine concludes in April).

April – Mark Twain purchases a home in Tarrytown, New York.

June 4 – Mark Twain receives an honorary doctorate of literature degree from the University of Missouri.

June 16 – Bertrand Russell writes to Gottlob Frege informing him of the mathematical problem that will become known as Russell's paradox.^[3]

July 1 – The Romanian language literary review Luceafărul begins publication in Budapest.

September 9 – P. G. Wodehouse leaves his job at the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Company in London to become a freelance writer. On September 18, his first published novel, the St. Austin's school story The Pothunters, is published in London by A & C Black, a truncated serialization having run in their Public School Magazine from January to March.

Early October – Beatrix Potter's self-illustrated children's book The Tale of Peter Rabbit (originally published privately a year earlier) is first published in a trade edition by Frederick Warne & Co in London. By the end of the year it sells 28,000 copies.^[4]

October 5 – Thousands attend the funeral of French novelist Émile Zola at the Cimetière de Montmartre, Paris; they include Alfred Dreyfus, given special permission by Mme Zola to attend.^[5]

November 4 – J. M. Barrie's comedy The Admirable Crichton is premièred at the Duke of York's Theatre in London, starring H. B. Irving, Henry Kemble and Irene Vanbrugh and running for an extremely successful 828 performances.

December 5 – Leo Tolstoy's drama The Power of Darkness (Власть тьмы, Vlast' t'my, written in 1886) is premièred at the Moscow Art Theatre by Konstantin Stanislavski with some success, although he is self-critical.^[6]

December 18 – Maxim Gorky's drama The Lower Depths – Scenes from Russian Life (На дне, Na dne) is premièred at the Moscow Art Theatre with Stanislavski directing and starring, his first major success.

The Irish Literary Theatre project ends.^[7]

Poet Ștefan Petică publishes the cycle Fecioara în alb, which marks a maturing of Romanian Symbolism.^[8]

New books

Fiction

Azorín – La voluntad (Volition)

Jane Barlow – The Founding of Fortunes

Pío Baroja – Camino de perfección (pasión mística) (Road to Perfection)

Edward Harold Begbie (as Caroline Lewis) – Clara in Blunderland

Arnold Bennett

Anna of the Five Towns^[1]
The Grand Babylon Hotel

Rhoda Broughton – Lavinia

Joseph Conrad

Typhoon (serialized in The Pall Mall Magazine January–March and US book publication)
Youth: a Narrative, and Two Other Stories, incorporating Youth: a Narrative (1898) and Heart of Darkness (first 1899)^[1]
The End of the Tether

Marie Corelli – Temporal Power: A Study in Supremacy

Miguel de Unamuno – Amor y pedagogía

Ramón del Valle-Inclán – Sonatas: Memorias del Marqués de Bradomín – Sonata de otoño (Sonatas: The Pleasant Memories of the Marquis of Bradomín – Autumn Sonata)

Arthur Conan Doyle – The Hound of the Baskervilles^[1]

Paul Laurence Dunbar – The Sport of the Gods

Hamlin Garland – The Captain of the Gray-Horse Troop

André Gide – The Immoralist

Ellen Glasgow – The Battle-Ground

Annie French Hector – Kitty Costello

Theodor Herzl – The Old New Land

Violet Jacob – The Sheepstealers

W. W. Jacobs – The Lady of the Barge (short stories, including "The Monkey's Paw")

Henry James – The Wings of the Dove^[1]

Alfred Jarry – Supermale (Le Surmâle: roman moderne)

Mary Johnston – Audrey

Olha Kobylianska – Zemlya (Land)

Jack London – A Daughter of the Snows

George Barr McCutcheon – Brewster's Millions

Charles Major – Dorothy Vernon of Haddon Hall

A. E. W. Mason – The Four Feathers

W. Somerset Maugham – Mrs Craddock

Dmitri Merejkowski – The Romance of Leonardo da Vinci

Arthur Morrison – The Hole in the Wall

Frank Norris – The Pit (serialization)

Luigi Pirandello – Il Turno

W. Heath Robinson – The Adventures of Uncle Lubin

Saki – The Westminster Alice

Percy Sykes – Ten Thousand Miles in Persia^[9]

Jules Verne – The Kip Brothers (Les Frères Kip)

Eduard Vilde – Mahtra sõda (The war in Mahtra)

Edith Wharton – The Valley of Decision

Owen Wister – The Virginian

Children and young people

L. Frank Baum – The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus

J. M. Barrie – The Little White Bird (includes the story "Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens")

Edith Ogden Harrison – Prince Silverwings and other fairy tales

William Dean Howells – The Flight of Pony Baker

Rudyard Kipling – Just So Stories for Little Children^[1]

Bessie Marchant – Fleckie: A Story of the Desert, etc.

E. Nesbit – Five Children and It

Beatrix Potter – The Tale of Peter Rabbit^[1]

Edward Stratemeyer – The Young Volcano Explorers

Mrs George de Horne Vaizey – A Houseful of Girls

C. N. and A. M. Williamson – The Lightning Conductor: the Strange Adventures of a Motor-car

P. G. Wodehouse – The Pothunters

Drama

J. M. Barrie – The Admirable Crichton
Gaston Arman de Caillavet and Robert de Flers – Le Cœur a ses raisons
Clyde Fitch – The Girl with the Green Eyes
Maxim Gorky – The Lower Depths
Haralamb Lecca – Septima. Câiniĭ
Maurice Maeterlinck – Monna Vanna
Frank Wedekind – King Nicolo
W. B. Yeats – Cathleen Ní Houlihan

Poetry

Edwin James Brady – The Earthen Floor
Walter de la Mare (as Walter Ramal) – Songs of Childhood^[10]^[11]
Ștefan Petică – Fecioara în alb

Non-fiction

Jane Addams – Democracy and Social Ethics
James Allen – As a Man Thinketh
Hilaire Belloc – The Path to Rome
Arthur Conan Doyle – The War in South Africa: Its Cause and Conduct
Michael Fairless (pseudonym) – The Roadmender
John A. Hobson – Imperialism: a study^[1]
William James – The Varieties of Religious Experience
Bertrand Russell – A Free Man's Worship
William Wynn Westcott – Collectanea Hermetica finishes publication

Births

January 5 – Stella Gibbons, English novelist (died 1989)
January 20 – Nazim Hikmet, Turkish lyricist and dramatist (died 1963)
January 30 – Nikolaus Pevsner, German-born architectural historian (died 1983)
February 1 – Langston Hughes, African-American poet and novelist (died 1967)
February 16 – Ion Călugăru, Romanian novelist, short story writer and journalist (died 1956)
February 19 – Kay Boyle, American writer, educator and political activist (died 1992)
February 27 – John Steinbeck, American novelist and journalist (died 1968)
March 10 – Stefan Inglot, Polish historian (died 1994)
March 29 – Marcel Aymé, French novelist and short-story writer (died 1967)
April 2 – Jan Tschichold, German-born typographer (died 1974)
April 6 – Julien Torma, French poet and dramatist (died 1933)
April 9 – Lord David Cecil, English literary critic and biographer (died 1986)
April 23 – Halldór Laxness, Icelandic novelist (died 1998)
June 5 – Hugo Huppert, Austrian poet, writer and translator (died 1982)
July 10 – Nicolás Guillén, Afro-Cuban poet (died 1989)
July 8 – Gwendolyn B. Bennett, African American writer and artist (died 1981)
July 27 - Yaroslav Halan, Ukrainian playwright, translator, and publicist (died 1949)
August 15 – Katharine Brush, American short story writer (died 1952)
August 16 – Georgette Heyer, English novelist (died 1974)
August 19 – Ogden Nash, American poet and humorist (died 1971)
August 24
- Felipe Alfau, Spanish-American fiction writer, poet and translator (died 1999)
- Fernand Braudel, French historian (died 1985)
October 13 – Arna Bontemps, African American poet (died 1973)
October 23 – Dadie Rylands (George Rylands), English Shakespeare scholar (died 1999)
October 26 – Beryl Markham (Beryl Clutterbuck), English-born Kenyan adventurer and memoirist (died 1986)
October 31 – Carlos Drummond de Andrade, Brazilian poet (died 1987)
November 1 – Nordahl Grieg, Norwegian poet and author (killed in action 1943)
November 2
- Hu Feng (胡风), Chinese novelist (died 1985)
- Gyula Illyés, Hungarian author (died 1983)
November 29 – Carlo Levi, Italian writer (died 1975)
December 7 – N. Crevedia, Romanian poet, novelist and journalist (died 1978).
December 20 – Jolán Földes, Hungarian novelist and playwright (died 1963)

Deaths

January 7 – Wilhelm Hertz, German poet and translator (born 1835)
April 6 – Gleb Uspensky, Russian writer (born 1843)
April 20 – Frank R. Stockton, American writer and humorist (born 1834)
May 6 – Bret Harte, American author and poet (born 1836)
June 10 – Jacint Verdaguer, Catalan poet (born 1845)
June 18 – Samuel Butler, English novelist (born 1835)
July 10 – Annie French Hector (pseudonym Mrs Alexander), Irish-born novelist (born 1825)
August 31 – Mathilde Wesendonck, German poet (born 1828)
September 11 – Ernst Dümmler, German historian (born 1830)
September 19 – Masaoka Shiki (正岡子規), Japanese haiku poet (Pott's disease, born 1867)
September 29
- William McGonagall, Scottish doggerel poet (born 1825)
- Émile Zola, French novelist (carbon monoxide poisoning, born 1840)
October 7 – George Rawlinson, English historian (born 1812)
October 13 – John George Bourinot, Canadian historian (born 1836)
October 25 – Frank Norris, American novelist (peritonitis, born 1870)
November 16 – G. A. Henty, English historical novelist (born 1832)

Awards

Nobel Prize for Literature: Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen

References

1. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷{{cite book |last=Williams |first=Hywel |title=Cassell's Chronology of World History |location=London |publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson |year=2005 |isbn=0-304-35730-8 |pages=460–461}}
2. ^{{cite journal |first=Frank |last=Sidgwick |title=An Open Letter to Dr Watson |journal=Cambridge Review |url=http://www.bsiarchivalhistory.org/BSI_Archival_History/Sidgwick_essay.html |accessdate=2017-06-18}}
3. ^{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/?id=4ktC0UrG4V8C&pg=PA253 |page=253 |year=1997 |title=The Frege Reader |isbn=978-0-631-19445-3 |first=Gottlob |last=Frege |editor=Beaney, Michael|location=Oxford|publisher=Blackwell}}
4. ^{{cite book |last=Lear |first=Linda |year=2007 |title=Beatrix Potter: A Life in Nature |location=New York |publisher=St. Martin's Press |isbn=978-0-312-36934-7}}
5. ^{{cite news |title=Thousands March At Funeral of Emile Zola: Municipal Guards Line the Route to Preserve Order. Dreyfus Attends After All, Is Unnoticed by the Crowd – Mme. Zola Gave Him Back His Promise to Stay Away – Very Little Disorder|newspaper=The New York Times |date=1902-10-06}}
6. ^My Life in Art (1924).{{incomplete citation|date=September 2018}}
7. ^{{cite book |editor1=Moody, T. W. |editor2=Martin, F. X. |year=1967 |title=The Course of Irish History |publisher=Mercier Press |location=Cork |page=380}}
8. ^{{cite book |last=Cernat |first=Paul |authorlink=Paul Cernat |title=Avangarda românească și complexul periferiei: primul val |publisher=Cartea Românească |location=Bucharest |year=2007 |page=15}}
9. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/7307/|title=A History of Persia |website=World Digital Library |date=1921 |accessdate=2013-10-01}}
10. ^{{cite book |editor=Cox, Michael |title=The Concise Oxford Chronology of English Literature |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2004 |isbn=0-19-860634-6}}
11. ^{{cite web |url=http://rpo.library.utoronto.ca/timeline/#heading9 |title=A Time-Line of Poetry in English |work=Representative Poetry Online |publisher=University of Toronto |accessdate=2008-12-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081228024145/http://rpo.library.utoronto.ca/timeline/ |archivedate=28 December 2008 |deadurl=no}}

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