| 词条 | Manolis Glezos |
| 释义 |
| name = Manolis Glezos | native_name = Μανώλης Γλέζος | native_name_lang = el | image = Manolis Glezos with LAE 2.jpg | image_size = 250px | smallimage = | alt = | caption = Manolis Glezos giving a speech in Omonoia Square, Athens in 2015. | order = | parliament = European | constituency_MP = Greece | term_start = 1 July 2014 | term_end = 8 July 2015 (resigned) | successor = Nikolaos Chountis | term_start2 = 24 July 1984 | term_end2 = 25 January 1985 (resigned) | successor2 = Spiridon Kolokotronis | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1922|9|9|df=y}} | birth_place = Apiranthos (Aperathu), Naxos | death_date = | death_place = | nationality = Greek | party = PASOK {{small|(1981-1989)}} Syriza {{small|(since 2004)}} }} Manolis Glezos ({{lang-el|Μανώλης Γλέζος}}; born 9 September 1922) is a Greek left-wing politician and guerilla, best known for his participation in the World War II resistance. Early life and World War IIBorn in the village of Apiranthos (Aperathu), Naxos, Glezos moved to Athens in 1935 together with his family, where he finished high school. During his high school years in Athens he also worked as a pharmacy employee. He was admitted to the Higher School of Economic and Commercial Studies (known today as the Athens University of Economics and Business) in 1940. In 1939, still a high school student, Glezos participated in the creation of an anti-fascist youth group against the Italian occupation of the Dodecanese and the dictatorship of Ioannis Metaxas. At the onset of World War II he asked to join the Greek army in the Albanian front against Italy, but was rejected because he was underage. Instead, he worked as a volunteer for the Hellenic Ministry of Economics. During the Axis occupation of Greece, he worked for the Hellenic Red Cross and the municipality of Athens, while actively involved in the resistance. According to popular tradition, on 27 April, 1941 Konstantinos Koukidis was ordered to lower the Greek flag, and raise the Nazi swastika flag. Koukidis allegedly lowered the flag, and jumped from the Acropolis holding it, rather than raise the Nazi flag. On 30 May 1941 Glezos and Apostolos Santas climbed on the Acropolis and tore down the swastika, which had been there since 27 April 1941, when the Nazi forces had entered Athens. It inspired not only the Greeks, but all subjected people, to resist the occupation, and established them both as two international anti-Nazi heroes. The Nazi regime responded by sentencing the perpetrators to death in absentia, but they did not learn who they were until much later. Glezos was arrested by the German occupation forces on 24 March 1942 and was subjected to imprisonment and torture. As a result of his treatment, he was affected by tuberculosis. He was arrested on 21 April 1943 by the Italian occupation forces and spent three months in jail. Career and political activismPost-war periodThe end of World War II was not the end of Glezos' plight. On 3 March 1948, in the midst of the Greek Civil War, he was put to trial for his political convictions and sentenced to death multiple times by the national government. His death penalties were reduced to a life sentence in 1950. Even though he was still imprisoned, Manolis Glezos was elected member of the Hellenic Parliament in 1951, under the flag of the United Democratic Left, also known as EDA ({{lang|el|Ενιαία Δημοκρατική Αριστερά, ΕΔΑ}}). Upon his election, he went on a hunger strike demanding the release of his fellow EDA MPs that were imprisoned or exiled in the Greek islands. He ended his hunger strike upon the release of 7 MPs from their exile. He was released from prison on 16 July 1954. On 5 December 1958 he was arrested again and convicted for espionage, which was common pretext for the persecution of the supporters of the left during the Cold War. The Soviet Union reacted circulating a postage stamp with Glezos, while the Greek government responded with a postage stamp depicting Imre Nagy. His release on 15 December 1962 was a result of the public outcry in Greece and abroad, including winning the Lenin Peace Prize. During his second term of post-war political imprisonment, Glezos was reelected MP with EDA in 1961. At the coup d'état of 21 April 1967, Glezos was arrested at 2 am, together with the rest of the political leaders. During the Regime of the Colonels, the military dictatorship led by George Papadopoulos, he was imprisoned of imprisonment and exile until his release in 1971. Manolis Glezos' sentences, from the Second World War to the Greek Civil War and the Regime of the Colonels totals to 11 years and 4 months of imprisonment, and 4 years and 6 months of exile. Since 1974After the restoration of democracy in Greece in 1974, Glezos participated in the reviving of EDA. In the elections of October 1981 and June 1985, he was elected Member of the Greek Parliament, on a Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK) ticket. In 1984 he was elected Member of the European Parliament, again on a PASOK ticket. He was the President of EDA from 1985 until 1989. In the meantime, in 1986, he withdrew from the Parliament, in order to try to implement a grassroots democracy experiment. He did so in the community of Aperathu, where he was elected as the President of the Community Council in 1986 elections. He then essentially abolished the privileges of the council, introducing a "constitution" and establishing a local assembly that had total control over the community administration. This model worked for several years, but in the long term the interest of the rest of his community wore off and the assembly was abandoned. Glezos remained the President until 1989.{{citation needed|date=September 2016}} In the 2000 Greek legislative election he led the list of Synaspismos (in English Coalition) party of the radical left. In 2002, he formed the political group Active Citizens (which is part of Coalition of the Radical Left, an alliance with Synaspismos and other minor parties of the Greek left) and he ran as a candidate prefect for Attica. {{Quote box|quote= Why do I go on? Why I am doing this when I am 92 years and two months old? I could, after all, be sitting on a sofa in slippers with my feet up. So why do I do this? You think the man sitting opposite you is Manolis but you are wrong. I am not him. And I am not him because I have not forgotten that every time someone was about to be executed [during WWII], they said: 'Don't forget me. When you say good morning, think of me. When you raise a glass, say my name.' And that is what I am doing talking to you, or doing any of this. The man you see before you is all those people. And all this is about not forgetting them.[1] |quoted= yes |align= right |source= —Manolis Glezos, 2014 |salign= right |width= 40% |bgcolor= aliceblue }} In March 2010, Glezos was participating in a protest demonstration in Athens, when he was hit in the face by a police tear gas canister. He was carried away injured.[2] In February 2012, Glezos was arrested by riot police while protesting in Athens.[3] He was sprayed with teargas by one of the police officers in that area. In the June 2012 parliamentary election, he was elected as MP of the Coalition of Radical Left (SYRIZA) party. He was a SYRIZA candidate for the European Parliament in the elections of 25 May 2014. He was elected to the European Parliament with over 430,000 votes, more than any other candidate in Greece. At age 91, he was also the oldest person elected to the European Parliament in the 2014 election.[4][5] He resigned in July 2015, being succeeded by Nikolaos Chountis. Non-political careerApart from his political work, Glezos has invented a system to prevent floods, combat erosion and preserve underground water, that works by the constructions of a series of very small dams that redirect water to aquifers. For his contributions to democracy, to geological sciences, and to linguistics he was pronounced honorary Doctor of Philosophy of the University of Patras (Department of Geology) in 1996, of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Department of Civil Engineering) in 2001, of the National Technical University of Athens (School of Mining & Metallurgical Engineering) in 2003, and of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (School of Philosophy) in 2008. Today, Glezos still calls himself a communist.[6] PublicationsGlezos has been writing articles in Greek newspapers since 1942 and was the editor of the newspapers Rizospastis and I Avgi in the 1950s. He was awarded the International Award of Journalism in 1958, the Golden Medal Joliot-Curie of the World Peace Council in 1959, and the Lenin Peace Prize in 1963. He has also published six books in Greek:
References1. ^{{Cite web |last1= Vulliamy |first1= Ed |last2= Smith |first2= Helena |date= 30 November 2014 |title= Athens 1944: Britain’s dirty secret |url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/nov/30/athens-1944-britains-dirty-secret |website= theguardian.com |access-date= 9 December 2017 }} 2. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/8551227.stm|title= Greece does not need financial aid, says Angela Merkel|date=2010-03-05|publisher=BBC News Online|accessdate=6 March 2010}} 3. ^{{cite news|url=https://twitter.com/VeriasA/status/168855869260443648/photo/1|title= Man who ripped down swastika in Athens arrested|date=2010-03-05|publisher=BBC News Online|accessdate=6 March 2010}} 4. ^[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/26/meet-the-new-faces-in-the-european-parliament "Meet the new faces ready to sweep into the European parliament"], The Guardian, 26 May 2014. 5. ^"Ευρωεκλογές: Πρώτος σε σταυρούς ο Γλέζος", Eleftherotypia, 1 June 2014. 6. ^[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/nov/30/athens-1944-britains-dirty-secret Athens 1944: Britain’s dirty secret] External links
20 : 1922 births|Living people|Athens University of Economics and Business alumni|Greek journalists|Greek prisoners and detainees|Greek Resistance members|Greek MPs 1958–61|Greek MPs 1961–63|Greek MPs 1981–85|Greek MPs 1985–89|Greek MPs 2012 (May)|Greek MPs 2012–14|Greek non-fiction writers|Lenin Peace Prize recipients|MEPs for Greece 1984–89|MEPs for Greece 2014–19|PASOK MEPs|People from Naxos|Syriza MEPs|United Democratic Left politicians |
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