| 词条 | Manresa |
| 释义 |
| name = Manresa | native_name = | settlement_type = Municipality | image_skyline =Seu Manresa vista general.JPG | imagesize = | image_alt = | image_caption =Seu of Manresa | image_flag = Bandera de Manresa fosca.svg | flag_size = | image_shield = Escut de Manresa.svg | shield_alt = | nickname = | motto = | pushpin_map = Catalonia#Spain | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Catalonia | coordinates = {{coord|41|43|46|N|1|49|38|E|region:ES_type:city|display=inline}} | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Spain}} | subdivision_type1 = Community | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Catalonia}} | subdivision_type2 = Province | subdivision_name2 = Barcelona | subdivision_type3 = Comarca | subdivision_name3 = Bages | established_title = | established_date = | leader_party =CiU | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Valentí Junyent Torres (2015)[1] | area_footnotes =[2] | area_total_km2 = 41.6 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 238 | population_footnotes =[1] | population_total = 75297 | population_as_of = 2014 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = Manresà | population_note = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = 08241-08243 | area_code_type = | area_code = | blank_name = Climate | blank_info = Cfa | website = {{URL|manresa.cat}} | footnotes = }} Manresa ({{IPA-ca|mənˈrɛzə}}) is the capital of the Comarca of Bages, located in the geographic centre of Catalonia, Spain, and crossed by the river Cardener. It is an industrial area with textile, metallurgical, and glass industries. The houses of Manresa are arranged around the basilica of Santa Maria de la Seu.[3] Saint Ignatius of Loyola stopped to pray in the town on his way back from Montserrat in 1522. He also read in solitude in a cave near the town for a year,[4] which contributed to the formulation of his Spiritual Exercises. As such, the town is a place of pilgrimage for Catholics. It is believed the comarcal name "Bages" comes from a corruption of the Latin "Bacchus" due to the extensive production of wine in the area. The wine was grown mainly in terraced vineyards, and many of these old terraces can be seen today. Wine ceased to be the main product of the area as a consequence of phylloxera, but is still a very important part of the Manresa/Bages economy. During the Napoleonic invasion, the volunteer troops of Manresa (sometent in Catalan language) defeated the French troops in the Bruch Pass (June 1808), but the retreating French burned and demolished much of the town. After the expulsion of Napoleon's troops, Manresans rebuilt the town using the rubble. History{{expand section|date=August 2016}}Influential documents
Jewish historyIn the 12th century Manresa was said to have contained 500 Jewish families, most of whom lived in a narrow lane called "Grau dels Jueus," near the town hall; their cemetery, still called "Fossana dels Jueus," was outside the city. In the 13th and 14th centuries the Jews there were engaged in manufacturing, trading, money-lending, and in the cultivation of their vineyards and estates. The hostility of the Christians towards the Jews, which prevailed throughout Catalonia, was also manifested in Manresa. In 1325 the Christian inhabitants of the town tried to prevent the Jews from baking their Passover bread, so that the latter were obliged to appeal to the King for protection. The Jews in Manresa did not escape the general persecution of 1391, and many of them professed to accept Christianity. After 1414 comparatively few Jews remained in the town, and in 1492 they sold their property for whatever they could get, and left the country. At the beginning of the 15th century Manresa had 30,000 inhabitants; three centuries later it contained barely one-fifth of that number. Several members of the Zabarra (Sabara) family {{Who|date=August 2011}} lived in Manresa. The town is not mentioned in the "Shebeṭ Yehudah." {{Clarify|date=August 2011}} ClimateManresa has a humid subtropical (Köppen Cfa), with cold winters and hot, moderately dry summers, while the rainiest seasons are spring and autumn. {{Weather box|location = Manresa (1971-2000) |metric first = Y |single line = Y |Jan record high C = 20.0 |Feb record high C = 23.5 |Mar record high C = 28.9 |Apr record high C = 28.5 |May record high C = 35.6 |Jun record high C = 40.0 |Jul record high C = 43.0 |Aug record high C = 42.5 |Sep record high C = 38.0 |Oct record high C = 31.9 |Nov record high C = 26.4 |Dec record high C = 20.6 |year record high C= 43.0 |Jan high C = 10.0 |Feb high C = 13.1 |Mar high C = 16.7 |Apr high C = 19.0 |May high C = 23.0 |Jun high C = 27.3 |Jul high C = 31.3 |Aug high C = 30.6 |Sep high C = 26.5 |Oct high C = 20.8 |Nov high C = 14.3 |Dec high C = 10.5 |year high C = 20.3 |Jan mean C= 4.9 |Feb mean C= 7.0 |Mar mean C= 9.8 |Apr mean C= 12.2 |May mean C= 16.3 |Jun mean C= 20.5 |Jul mean C= 23.9 |Aug mean C= 23.7 |Sep mean C= 20.1 |Oct mean C= 14.9 |Nov mean C= 9.2 |Dec mean C= 5.9 |year mean C= 14.0 |Jan low C = -0.2 |Feb low C = 0.9 |Mar low C = 2.9 |Apr low C = 5.3 |May low C = 9.5 |Jun low C = 13.6 |Jul low C = 16.4 |Aug low C = 16.7 |Sep low C = 13.7 |Oct low C = 9.0 |Nov low C = 4.0 |Dec low C = 1.3 |year low C = 7.7 |Jan record low C = -19.0 |Feb record low C = -11.5 |Mar record low C = -9.0 |Apr record low C = -5.0 |May record low C = 1.4 |Jun record low C = 5.0 |Jul record low C = 9.0 |Aug record low C = 8.0 |Sep record low C = -3.0 |Oct record low C = -8.0 |Nov record low C = -10.0 |Dec record low C = -10.4 |year record low C= -19.0 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 39.2 |Feb precipitation mm = 21.1 |Mar precipitation mm = 31.9 |Apr precipitation mm = 48.6 |May precipitation mm = 68.2 |Jun precipitation mm = 53.2 |Jul precipitation mm = 22.9 |Aug precipitation mm = 46.7 |Sep precipitation mm = 65.3 |Oct precipitation mm = 59.1 |Nov precipitation mm = 47.9 |Dec precipitation mm = 42.9 |year precipitation mm = 546.9 |Jan rain days = 5.8 |Feb rain days = 4.4 |Mar rain days = 4.9 |Apr rain days = 7.6 |May rain days = 8.4 |Jun rain days = 6.4 |Jul rain days = 4.0 |Aug rain days = 5.4 |Sep rain days = 6.4 |Oct rain days = 6.6 |Nov rain days = 5.6 |Dec rain days = 5.8 |year rain days= 71.1 |Jan snow days = |Feb snow days = |Mar snow days = |Apr snow days = |May snow days = |Jun snow days = |Jul snow days = |Aug snow days = |Sep snow days = |Oct snow days = |Nov snow days = |Dec snow days = |year snow days= |source 1 = Servei Meteorològic de Catalunya[6] }} Main sightsThree bridges cross the Cardener River. The 14th-century basilica of Santa Maria de la Seu stands on a rock above the oldest bridge. La Seu is the principal monument of Manresa. The church we can see today was designed by Berenguer de Montagut who also designed Santa Maria del Mar, Barcelona .The architectural style is characteristic of Catalan Gothic. The work began in 1325, but the church was not finished until the end of the 15th century.[7] The municipal museum is housed in the cloisters of the 17th-century church of Sant Ignasi. This church is part of the Sanctuary Cave of Saint Ignatius (in Catalan Cova de Sant Ignasi), built over a cave in which Saint Ignatius of Loyola is said to have prayed and meditated.[8] EconomyIndustry in the town covers textile-making, metallurgy, and glass manufacture. Major eventsThe Fira Mediterrania in Manresa is held the first complete weekend in November every year. It is the main meeting point and trade fair of the mediterranean world, folk and roots artists with distributors, organisers, agencies, labels, export offices, instrument makers and dealers, journalists and other professionals. Manresa Town Hall{{prose|date=August 2016}}The original building dates back to the 19th century. Remodeling was agreed to be needed due to the old building's impractical use in Modern times. At the end of 2004, a competition was held to remodel the building with the aim of easing its disabled circulation. The Barcelona-based Add + Arquitectura was selected and the project was completed in 2008. Add partners Manuel Bailo and Rosa Rull were responsible for the design. Bailo and Rull's key move was to partly demolish and extend the rear south-west wall of the town hall in order to implant a new circulation core The front of the building maintained its traditional structure but at the rear of the building, the elevator and staircase are encased in a "cubist cacoon".[9] Places borrowing the name
External relationsTwin towns
European cooperation
Famous people
References1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://aplicacions.municat.gencat.cat/index.php?page=consulta&mostraEns=0811360009|title=Ajuntament de Manresa|publisher=Generalitat of Catalonia|accessdate=2015-11-13}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.idescat.cat/emex/?lang=en&id=081136|title=El municipi en xifres: Manresa|publisher=Statistical Institute of Catalonia|accessdate=2015-11-23}} 3. ^{{cite web|last=Ven|title=Tourism in Manresa|url=http://www.spain.info/en/ven/otros-destinos/manresa.html|publisher=Turespaña|accessdate=20 April 2011}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=The Cave. Place of pilgrimage and worship|url=http://www.covamanresa.cat/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=52&Itemid=87&lang=en|website=Cova de Sant Ignasi|accessdate=5 August 2014}} 5. ^{{cite journal|last=Fynn-Paul|first=Jeffrey|title=Tartars in Spain: renaissance slavery in the Catalan city of Manresa, c. 1408.|journal=Journal of Medieval History|date=December 2008|volume=34|issue=4|pages=347–359|doi=10.1016/j.jmedhist.2008.09.006}} 6. ^{{cite web | publisher = Meteorological Service of Catalonia| url = http://static-m.meteo.cat/wordpressweb/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/30083307/Bages.pdf| title = Climatologia. El Bages. 1971-2000| work = | accessdate = 8 June 2016}} 7. ^{{cite web|last=Manresa Ciutat mil- lenária|title=Monuments and Places of Interest|url=http://manresaturisme.cat/eng/la-ciutat/monuments-i-indrets/basilica-de-santa-maria-de-la-seu|publisher=Adjuntament de Manresa|accessdate=20 April 2011}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=The Cave. Place of pilgrimage and worship|url=http://www.covamanresa.cat/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=45&Itemid=65&lang=en|website=Cova de Sant Ignasi|accessdate=5 August 2014}} 9. ^{{cite magazine|last=Slessor|first=Catherine|title=030|magazine=Architectural Review|date=April 2009|volume=225|issue=1346|pages=060–067}} 10. ^{{cite web |url= http://eurotowns.org |title=Eurotowns}} Bibliography
External links{{Commons category}}
|Centre = Manresa |N = Sant Joan de Vilatorrada |NE = Sant Fruitós de Bages |E = El Pont de Vilomara i Rocafort |SE = Sant Vicenç de Castellet |S = Castellgalí |SW = Sant Salvador de Guardiola |W = Rajadell |NW = Fonollosa }}{{Bages}}{{Municipalities in Barcelona}}{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2011}} 2 : Manresa|Municipalities in Bages |
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