词条 | RFU Championship | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
|logo = |current_season = 2018–19 RFU Championship |pixels = |country = {{ENG}} |other countries = {{flag|Jersey}} |founded = {{Start date and age|1987}} |teams = 12 |promotion = Premiership |relegation = National League 1 |levels = 2 |domest_cup = Championship Cup |league_cup = |confed_cup = |champions = Bristol Bears |runners-up = Ealing Trailfinders |current winners in 2017-18 season = Bristol |most_champs = Bristol Bears (4 titles) |tv = Sky Sports |season = 2017-18 |website = championshiprugby.co.uk }} The RFU Championship, known for sponsorship reasons as the Greene King IPA Championship from 2013–14,[1] is the second tier of the English rugby union league system and was founded in September 1987. The twelve-side league was known as National Division One and in 2009 changed from semi-professional clubs to fully professional. The 2018 champions were Bristol Bears as they won the league. They won automatic promotion to Premiership Rugby. Originally the league required an end-of-season round of two-legged play-offs in which the top eight, from 2012-13 until 2016-17 revised to top four, clubs at the end of the main phase of the season played each other. History{{see|History of the English rugby union system}}On 10 November 2008 it was proposed by the Rugby Football Union that the second tier of the English rugby union system should be a fully professional twelve club Championship. The proposal was criticised by the then National League One chairman Geoff Irvine, representing the clubs, who described it as "financial suicide", although, six League One clubs subsequently supported the proposal. The proposals required five clubs to be relegated to National Division Two, with only one club being promoted from that division and one club joining the league from the Premiership.[2] On 15 November 2008 the RFU Council voted overwhelmingly in favour of the new proposal, which began in September 2009.[3] Under the proposal the RFU paid £2.3 million a year to help fund the change, with future rises due through television rights.[2] Since 2009–10 season the team that wins the Championship league is not automatically promoted to the Premiership, instead a play-off competition takes place to determine which team is promoted. For the first three seasons the top eight clubs had to enter the play-offs. Since 2012–13 they have been between the top four clubs. If the play-offs winner and/or runner-up fall short of minimum standards criteria (in grounds etc.) for entry to the Premiership no promotion or relegation takes place between the two divisions as to such a club. The RFU have clarified that they will not consider promoting lower-placed sides in the play-offs even if they finished top of the league phase (league table). The play-offs format has been criticised by the media, players and fans alike, resulting in its shortening to the top four clubs after the main part of the season and its abolition for the 2017-2018 season onwards.[4][5] Until 2013 a relegation play-off round took place between the four lowest placed clubs in the Championship. 2009–10 seasonThe 2009–10 RFU Championship season was the first in which the league was fully professional. Silversmiths Thomas Lyte created a new trophy for the launch.[6] Beginning with the 2009-10 season, the winner of the Championship league isn't automatically promoted to the Premiership. Instead, a play-off competition between the top eight clubs was held to determine the promoted club. The first, fourth, fifth and eighth placed clubs entered Group A; the second, third, sixth and seventh placed clubs entered Group B. Each side played the other sides in their division home-and-away. The two highest-placed sides in each division went through to a single-leg semi-final, and the semi-final winners played a two-legged final. The two legs of the final were played at the two competing clubs' home grounds, rather than at Twickenham. In the event that the winner of the play-off competition did not meet the minimum standards criteria for entry to the Premiership, there was to be no promotion or relegation between the Championship and Premiership for that season. That did not apply in 2009–10, as the RFU announced before the second leg of the Championship final that both participants, Bristol and Exeter, met the criteria for promotion. There was also a play-off between the four lowest placed clubs in the Championship to determine who was relegated to National League 1. Criticism and changes for 2010–11The formats of both the promotion and relegation play-offs were criticised after that first season. In both phases, all teams began equal, regardless of their performance during the home-and-away season. Moseley, who had been in serious relegation danger after a poor start to the play-offs, were particularly angry about the format because they started the relegation phase equal to the other three teams involved; despite having won ten matches during the season to Birmingham's none. It was also felt that starting all teams equal in the promotion phase gave teams little incentive to win the regular season because there was no reward for a high finish within the top eight.[7] As a result, the following changes were made to the promotion and relegation phases:[7]
Further changes for 2012–13The play-off format had been developed to increase club revenues, as each club had been assured of at least two home fixtures after the home-and-away season. However, criticism remained, especially from the best performing clubs, as they had to navigate ten additional fixtures in order to earn promotion. Bristol had particular reason to feel aggrieved; in two seasons under the revamped format, they finished first in the table, but lost in the 2010 play-off final to Exeter and in the 2012 semi-finals to Cornish Pirates (in 2011, the final was contested between Worcester Warriors, who had won the league, and Cornish Pirates).[8] As a result, the RFU eliminated pool play for both promotion and relegation. Starting with the 2012–13 season and continuing through to 2016–17, the top four clubs at the end of the regular season enter promotion play-offs. The format is the same as the 2011 and 2012 knockout stages, with two-legged semi-finals followed by a two-legged final. This system is identical to that of the Premiership, except that it uses two-legged matches instead of the Premiership's one-off matches. Relegation play-offs were eliminated; the bottom side is now automatically relegated (also mirroring the Premiership). Bristol's chairman Chris Booy welcomed the changes, telling the BBC,[8] "We had a mad 10 minutes in Penzance and our whole (2011–12) season fell apart. We've got the system changed and I was one of the main lobbyists for that. I think it will prepare us better because we can manage our squad to be in peak condition for the semis' and the final. A number of teams will be fighting to get into the top four, whereas before they were resting (sic) to get into the top eight." From 2017–18 forward, the RFU will eliminate the promotion play-offs for a minimum of three seasons. The club finishing atop the regular-season table will be automatically promoted to the Premiership, provided said club meets minimum entry criteria.[9] Competition fundingThe RFU Championship clubs were in dispute with the RFU over funding for the competition and claimed that each club was owed £77,000 for the past three seasons, and will be owed a further £120,000 over the next four seasons. The clubs believed they should have receive £295,000 in 2009–10, rising to £400,000 by 2015–16 and further believe there was a breach of contract on the part of the RFU. The RFU stated that the original funding was an estimate and by 2015–16 the figure will be £359,400.[10] When the RFU announced the end of promotion play-offs, it also announced funding increases from both itself and the Premiership, including a new system which ties some of the new funding to each Championship side's performance in the league season.[9] On 26 June 2013, the RFU and Greene King Brewery announced the Championship's first-ever name sponsorship deal. The competition will officially be known as the Greene King IPA Championship until the end of the 2019–20 season.[1] 2018–19 season{{Main article|2018–19 RFU Championship|l1=2018–19 RFU Championship}}{{location map+ |England |float=left |width=400 |caption= Locations of the 2018–19 RFU Championship teams |places={{location map~ |England |lat=52.1337 |long=-0.4577 |background=#FFFFFF|label=Bedford|position=right}}{{location map~ |England |lat=50.119 |long=-5.537 |background=#FFFFFF |label=Cornish Pirates|position=right}}{{location map~ |England |lat=52.406111 |long=-1.525833 |background=#FFFFFF|label=Coventry|position=right}}{{location map~ |England |lat=53.5157 |long=-1.1327 |background=#FFFFFF |label=Doncaster|position=right}}{{location map~ |England |lat=51.909751 |long=-2.308242 |background=#FFFFFF |label=Hartpury College|position=up}}{{Location map~ |England |lat=49.925002 |long=-2.298672 |mark=Arrows 12x12 s.svg |marksize=18 |background=#FFFFFF|label=Jersey Reds}}{{location map~ |England |lat=51.531908 |long=0.039406 |background=#FFFFFF |label=London|position=bottom}}{{Location map~|England|lat_deg=51|lat_min=23 |lat_dir=N |lon_deg=0|lon_min=59|lon_dir=W|background=#FFFFFF|label=London Irish|position=left}}{{location map~ |England |lat=52.95 |long=-1.133333 |background=#FFFFFF |label=Nottingham|position=right}}{{Location map~|England|lat_deg=53|lat_min=49 |lat_dir=N |lon_deg=1|lon_min=34|lon_dir=W |background=#FFFFFF |label=Yorkshire Carnegie|position=top}}{{Location map~ |England |mark=TransparentPlaceholder.png |marksize=1 |lat=50.7 |long=-0.5 |background=#FFFFFF |label=London teamsEaling Trailfinders London Scottish Richmond |position=right}} }}{{Location map+|Greater London |caption=Greater London RFU Championship teams |alt=Greater London RFU Championship teams |float=right |width=350 |places = {{Location map~|Greater London|lat=51.524491 |long=-0.326302 |background=#FFFFFF |label='''Ealing'''|label_size=75|marksize=|position=right}} {{Location map~|Greater London|lat=51.46647 |long=-0.30334 |background=#FFFFFF |label='''London Scottish'''|label_size=75|marksize=|position=left}} {{Location map~|Greater London|lat=51.46647 |long=-0.30334 |background=#FFFFFF |label='''Richmond'''|label_size=75|marksize=|position=right}} }}
Current standings{{2018–19 RFU Championship Table}}List of championsNational One
RFU Championship
Summary of winners and runners-up
Original teamsThese are the twelve teams which made up the original league when league rugby began in 1987:
League results
RecordsNote that most records are from 1996-97 season onwards (aside from league champions, promotion and relegation data) as this is widely held as the dawn of professionalism across the English club game except in a few areas. It also offers a better comparison between seasons as the division team numbers are roughly equal (for example when league rugby union first started in 1987-88 the Courage League National Division Two had 12 teams playing 11 games each, compared to 12 teams in 1996-97 playing 24 games (home & away), going up to 16 teams in 2009-10 playing 30 games, back to 12 teams playing 24 games with additional playoff games). Attendance records are from 2000 onwards unless otherwise specified. All records are up to date up till the end of the 2017-18 season.League records
Bristol (1998-99, 2004-05, 2015-16, 2017-18)
Bristol (1998-99, 2004-05, 2015-16, 2017-18)
Rugby Lions (1993-94, 1996-97, 1999-00, 2002-03)
Northampton Saints (2007-08)
Pertemps Bees (2009-10){{#tag:ref|This figure is taken from the regular 2009-10 RFU Championship season and does not include the relegation group games. The minus figure came about because Pertemps Bees were deducted 15 points by the RFU for going into voluntary liquidation but were allowed to continue playing as they were granted a temporary licence. Without the points deduction the Bees would have got 6 points during the first stage of the season.[16]|group=a}}
Northampton Saints (2007-08)
West Hartlepool (1999-00)
Otley (2008-09)
Newcastle Falcons (2012-13){{#tag:ref|Figure is for regular season only and does not include playoffs.|group=a}}
Northampton Saints (2007-08)
West Hartlepool (1999-00)
Northampton Saints (2007-08)
Manchester (2008-09)
Birmingham & Solihull (2000-01)
Rotherham Titans (2001-02, 2006-07), Northampton Saints (2007-08) Match records
Newcastle Falcons at home to Rugby Lions on 5 October 1996 (1996-97)
Leeds Carnegie away to Manchester on 8 April 2009 (2008-09)
Newcastle Falcons at home to Rugby Lions on 5 October 1996 (1996-97)
Newcastle Falcons at home to Rugby Lions on 5 October 1996 (1996-97)
Newcastle Falcons at home to Rugby Lions on 5 October 1996 (1996-97)
Manchester at home to Wakefield on 15 December 2001 (2001-02) Coventry at home to Otley on 13 November 2004 (2004-05)
Exeter Chiefs away to Rotherham on 10 November 2001 (2001-02) Exeter Chiefs away to Plymouth Albion on 8 September 2007 (2007-08) Cornish Pirates at home to Plymouth Albion on 12 April 2009 (2008-09) Worcester Warriors away to Bedford Blues on 16 October 2010 (2010-11) Leeds Carnegie at home to Rotherham Titans on 25 November 2011 (2011-12) Attendance records
Bristol at home to Doncaster Knights on 25 May 2016 (2015-16)
Bracknell at home to Exeter Chiefs on 2 March 2002 (2001-02) Moseley at home to Rugby Lions on 23 March 2002 (2001-02)
Northampton Saints (2007-08)
Birmingham & Solihull (2000-01){{#tag:ref|Note that there is very little attendance data prior to the 2000-01 season so it is possible there could have been lower average club attendances than the one listed. Also, Birmingham & Solihull were missing 2 attendance figures from this season which means their average is not 100% accurate and could be slightly lower or higher with these games accounted for.|group=a}}
Player recordsChampionship top point scorers{{Updated||the end of the games of May 25, 2016. Stats taken from 1996-97 season onwards and includes both regular league/playoff games the RFU Championship only (no cup games). Points scored includes tries, drop kicks, penalties and conversions.[17]}}
(Bold denotes players still playing in the RFU Championship.) Championship top try scorers{{Updated||the end of the games of May 25, 2016. Stats taken from 1996-97 season onwards and includes both regular league/playoff games the RFU Championship only (no cup games).[18]}}
(Bold denotes players still playing in the RFU Championship.) Other player records
{{flagicon|ENG}} Leigh Hinton for Orrell (2004-05, 2006-07) {{flagicon|IRE|rugby union}} Gareth Steenson for Cornish Pirates (2007-08) and Exeter Chiefs (2009-10)
{{flagicon|ENG}} Dean Lax for Rotherham (1998-99, 1999-00)
{{flagicon|TON}} Sateki Tuipulotu for Worcester (2000-01)
{{flagicon|ENG}} Chris Ashton for Northampton Saints (2007-08)
{{flagicon|ENG}} Jez Harris for Coventry at home to Nottingham on 5 October 1996 (1996-97)
{{flagicon|ENG}} Chris Ashton for Northampton Saints at home to Launceston on 26 April 2008 (2007-08)
{{flagicon|ENG}} Rob Andrew for Newcastle Falcons at home to Rugby Lions on 5 October 1996 (1996-97)
{{flagicon|ENG}} Marcus Barrow for Manchester at home to Wakefield on 15 December 2001 (2001-02) {{flagicon|ENG}} Matthew Leek for Coventry at home to Otley on 13 November 2004 (2004-05)
{{flagicon|AUS}} Chris Malone for Exeter Chiefs away to Rotherham on 10 November 2001 (2001-02) {{flagicon|ENG}} Danny Gray for Exeter Chiefs away to Plymouth Albion on 8 September 2007 (2007-08) {{flagicon|WAL}} Rhys Jones for Cornish Pirates at home to Plymouth Albion on 12 April 2009 (2008-09) {{flagicon|ENG}} Andy Goode for Exeter Chiefs away to Bristol on 26 May 2010 (2010-11) {{flagicon|ENG}} Joe Ford for Leeds Carnegie at home to Rotherham Titans on 25 November 2011 (2011-12) See also
Notes1. ^1 {{cite press release |url=http://www.rfu.com/news/2013/june/news-articles/260613_greene_king_championship |title=Greene King IPA to sponsor RFU Championship |publisher=Rugby Football Union |date=26 June 2013 |accessdate=27 June 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701022502/http://www.rfu.com/news/2013/june/news-articles/260613_greene_king_championship |archivedate=1 July 2013 |df=dmy-all }} 2. ^1 {{cite news |title=Championship plan gains support |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/rugby_union/english/7720024.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC |date=2008-11-14 |accessdate=2009-05-21}} 3. ^{{cite news |title=RFU Council approves major changes to shape of club game |url=http://www.rfu.com/index.cfm/fuseaction/RFUHome.News_Detail/StoryID/21277 |author=Simon Mills |publisher=Rugby Football Union |date=2008-11-15 |accessdate=2009-05-21}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sundaymercury.net/midlands-sport/midlands-rugby/moseley-rfc/2010/02/28/moseley-star-nathan-williams-questions-fairness-of-play-offs-system-66331-25928675/| date=2010-02-28| title=Moseley star Nathan Williams questions fairness of play–offs system| author=Brian Dick| publisher=Sunday Mercury| accessdate=2010-03-03}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.birminghampost.net/midlands-birmingham-sport/west-midlands-sports/rfu-news/2010/02/25/taxing-times-for-clubs-struggling-in-rugby-s-championship-65233-25916539/| date=2010-02-25| title=Taxing times for clubs struggling in rugby's Championship| author=Brian Dick| publisher=Birmingham Post| accessdate=2010-03-03}} 6. ^RFU Championship building to gripping finale 7. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.scrum.com/england/rugby/story/121519.html |title=What close season? |first=John |last=Taylor |publisher=ESPNScrum |date=2010-08-18 |accessdate=2010-08-18}} 8. ^1 {{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/rugby-union/18102034 |title=Championship: RFU to abolish play–off pool stages |publisher=BBC Sport |date=2012-05-17 |accessdate=2012-05-17}} 9. ^1 {{cite press release|url=http://www.premiershiprugby.com/news/play-off-system-removed-from-greene-king-ipa-championship-from-next-season/ |title=Play-off system removed from Greene King IPA Championship from next season |publisher=Premiership Rugby Limited |date=3 March 2017 |accessdate=4 March 2017}} 10. ^{{cite news|last=Straughan|first=Dick|title=Falcons relegated as Welsh win RFU promotion appleal|newspaper=The Cornishman|date=5 July 2012|page=80}} 11. ^{{cite book|title=Courage Official Rugby Union Club Directory 1990–91|year=1990|publisher=Burlington Publishing Co Ltd|location=Windsor|editor=Tony Williams and Bill Mitchell}} 12. ^{{cite book|title=Rothmans Rugby Union Yearbook 1996–97|year=1996|publisher=Headline Book Publishing|location=London|isbn=978-0-7472-7771-2|editor=Mick Cleary and John Griffiths}} 13. ^1 {{cite web|title=Leagues 1997/98|url=http://www.moseleyrugby.co.uk/report_display12.php?menitem=104|publisher=Moseley Rugby Club|accessdate=9 August 2012}} 14. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://en.espn.co.uk/scrum/rugby/story/63053.html |title=RFU council approves expansion of National League One |publisher=ESPN |date=17 March 2006 }} 15. ^1 {{cite web|title=London Welsh: RFU refuses permission for Exiles to stay in Championship|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/rugby-union/38736486|website=BBC Sport|date=24 January 2017}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rolling-maul.com/birmingham-solihull-wednesday_topic2469_page20.html |title=Birmingham & Solihull - Wednesday |publisher=rolling-maul.com|date=28 October 2009}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://rugby.statbunker.com/alltimestats/AllTimeLeadingTopScorers?comp_code=5730117 |title=RFU Championship All time leading top scorers |publisher=Rugby Statbunker |date=26 February 2016 }} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://rugby.statbunker.com/alltimestats/AllTimeTryScorers?comp_code=5730117 |title=RFU Championship All time try scorers |publisher=Rugby Statbunker |date=26 February 2016 }} References{{reflist|30em}}External links
7 : RFU Championship|Rugby union leagues in England|Professional sports leagues in England|Recurring sporting events established in 1987|Sports leagues established in 1987|1987 establishments in England|Second level rugby union leagues in Europe |
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