| 词条 | Manufacturing Consent |
| 释义 |
| name = Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media | image = Image:Manugactorinconsent2.jpg | caption = Cover of the first edition | authors = {{Plainlist|
| illustrator = | cover_artist = | country = United States | language = English | series = | subject = Media of the United States | publisher = Pantheon Books | pub_date = 1988 | media_type = Print (Hardcover, Paperback) | pages = | isbn = 0-375-71449-9 | dewey = 381/.4530223 21 | congress = P96.E25 H47 2002 | oclc = 47971712 | preceded_by = The United States, Israel, and the Palestinians | followed_by = Necessary Illusions }}Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media is a 1988 book by Edward S. Herman (1925-2017) and Noam Chomsky, in which the authors propose that the mass communication media of the U.S. "are effective and powerful ideological institutions that carry out a system-supportive propaganda function, by reliance on market forces, internalized assumptions, and self-censorship, and without overt coercion", by means of the propaganda model of communication.[1] The title derives from the phrase "the manufacture of consent," employed in the book Public Opinion (1922), by Walter Lippmann (1889–1974).[2] The book was revised 20 years after its first publication to take account of developments such as the fall of the Soviet Union. There has been debate about how the Internet has changed the public’s access to information since 1988. Origins of the bookChomsky credits the origin of the book to the impetus of Alex Carey, the Australian social psychologist, to whom he and co-author E. S. Herman dedicated the book.[3] Propaganda model of communication{{main|Propaganda model}}Five filters of editorial biasThe propaganda model for the manufacture of public consent describes five editorially distorting filters, which are applied to the reporting of news in mass communications media:
AuthorshipAccording to Chomsky, "most of the book" was Herman's work.[7] Herman describes a rough division of labor in preparing the book whereby he was responsible for the preface and chapters 1-4 while Chomsky was responsible for chapters 5-7.[8] According to Herman, the propaganda model described in the book was originally his idea, tracing it back to his 1981 book Corporate Control, Corporate Power.[9] The main elements of the propaganda model (though not so called at the time) were discussed briefly in volume 1 chapter 2 of Herman and Chomksy's 1979 book The Political Economy of Human Rights, where they argued, "Especially where the issues involve substantial U.S. economic and political interests and relationships with friendly or hostile states, the mass media usually function much in the manner of state propaganda agencies."[10] Further developments
Film adaptationFour years after publication, Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media was adapted to the cinema as Noam Chomsky and the Media (1992), a documentary presentation of the propaganda-model of communication, the politics of the mass-communications business, and a biography of Chomsky. See also
References1. ^{{cite book|last1=Herman|first1=Edward S.|last2=Chomsky|first2=Noam|title=Manufacturing Consent|publisher=Pantheon Books|location=New York|page=306}} 2. ^p. xi, Manufacturing Consent. Also, p. 13, Noam Chomsky, Letters from Lexington: Reflections on Propaganda, Paradigm Publishers 2004. 3. ^Noam Chomsky, Class Warfare, Pluto Press 1996, p. 29: "Ed Herman and I dedicated our book, Manufacturing Consent, to him. He had just died. It was not intended as just a symbolic gesture. He got both of us started in a lot of this work." 4. ^James Curran and Jean Seaton, the press and broadcasting in Britain (First edition 1981, with many subsequent editions). 5. ^1 Herman and Chomsky, Manufacturing Consent. 6. ^Noam Chomsky, Media Control, the Spectacular Achievements of Propaganda (1997). 7. ^p. 8, Peter Wintonick and Mark Achbar, Noam Chomsky and the Media, Montreal: Black Rose Books, 1995. 8. ^p. 204, Peter Wintonick and Mark Achbar. 9. ^p. 205, Peter Wintonick and Mark Achbar. 10. ^p. 75, Herman and Chomsky 1979, The Political Economy of Human Rights, Volume I: The Washington Connection and Third World Fascism, Cambridge: South End Press. 11. ^{{cite web|last=Butler|first=Daren|date=2006-07-04|url=http://www.kurdishaspect.com/doc75101.html|title=Turkish publisher faces prosecution over Chomsky book|publisher=Reuters|accessdate=2006-07-12}} 12. ^{{cite web|date=2006-12-20|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/europe/6198021.stm|title=Turks acquitted over Chomsky book|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=2006-12-20 | location=London}} 13. ^Paul D. Boin (2007) Herman & Chomsky Media Conference notice from University of Windsor 14. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rnLWSC5p1XE#t=27m38s|title=Authors@Google: Noam Chomsky|date=2008-05-02}} External links
10 : 1988 non-fiction books|Books about media bias|Books about propaganda|Books about public opinion|Books about politics of the United States|Books by Edward S. Herman|Books by Noam Chomsky|English-language books|Pantheon Books books|Works about the information economy |
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