| 词条 | Richard Blanton |
| 释义 |
|name = Richard E. Blanton |image = Richard E. Blanton.jpg |image_size = |caption = |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1943|11|16}} |birth_place = |death_date = |death_place = |residence = United States |citizenship = American |nationality = |fields = anthropology, archaeology |workplaces = Purdue University, Indiana USA |alma_mater = University of Michigan (PhD 1970) |doctoral_advisor = |academic_advisors = Kent V. Flannery[1] |doctoral_students = |notable_students = Gary M. Feinman,[2] Field Museum Laura Finsten, McMaster University Peter N. Peregrine, Lawrence University |known_for = • Mesoamerican early state formation • excavations at Monte Albán • economic anthropology • cross-cultural research |influences = |influenced = |awards = Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science |signature = |footnotes = }} Richard E. Blanton (born November 16, 1943)[3] is an American anthropologist, archaeologist, and academic. He is most renowned for his archaeological field and theoretical research into the development of civilizations in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica, particularly those from the central Mexican plateau and Valley of Oaxaca regions. Blanton taught at Rice University and Hunter College of the City University of New York before joining the faculty at Purdue University in 1976. He is currently ({{as of|2017|lc=yes}}) Professor Emeritus of Anthropology at Purdue's College of Liberal Arts. Blanton helped to develop full coverage survey methods, which he and colleagues applied to the Valley of Oaxaca to help understand the evolution of the Monte Alban state.[4] The particular method developed by Blanton and his students influenced a generation of archaeologists and are still widely used today.[5] Due to his interest in regional survey, Blanton helped to introduce methods of spatial analysis into archaeology. In particular he took an application of graph theory used by architects evaluate movement through buildings and developed it into a method for analyzing prehistoric houses and communities.[6] He was able to demonstrate that variation in the layout of houses and communities was associated with wealth differences. In addition, Blanton's method was used to develop a measure of prehistoric warfare frequency that has proven useful in a number of settings.[7] Blanton was an early proponent of world-systems theory, and actively applied it to the evolution of Mesoamerican polities.[8] Although this work was criticized at the time,[9] it was further developed an employed by many scholars [10] Blanton also helped to develop dual processual theory,[11] Dual-processual theory posits that political leaders employ one of two basic processes to build and maintain power. Using the first, called a “network” strategy, political leaders use ties to other polities, supernatural powers, or sources of esoteric knowledge and goods to build power, and maintain it by excluding others from access to those sources of power. Using the second, called a “corporate” strategy, political leaders use the bonds of kinship and social groups to build power, sharing access to those groups broadly, but positioning him or herself as the “first among equals.” These are not intended to be seen as exclusive categories, but rather as ends of a continuum of political strategy. Dual-processual theory has had significant impact on archaeological thought.[12] Notes1. ^Marcus & Flannery (2000, p.404) 2. ^Marcus & Flannery (2000, p.404) 3. ^{{cite LAF|id=n77-5667}} 4. ^Richard Blanton et al., Monte Alban’s Hinterland (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Museum, 1982) {{ISBN|978-0-932206-91-6}} 5. ^Suzanne Fish, The Archaeology of Regions: The Case for Full Coverage Survey (New York: Percheron Press, 2009) {{ISBN|978-0-9797731-0-5}} 6. ^Richard Blanton, Houses and Households: A Comparative Study, (New York: Plenum, 1994) {{ISBN|0-306-44444-5}} 7. ^Peter N. Peregrine, "An Archaeological Correlate of War," North American Archaeologist, Volume 14, Issue 2, pages 139-151, 1993 8. ^Richard Blanton and Gary Feinman, “The Mesoamerican World-System,” American Anthropologist 86:673-682, 1984 9. ^Philip Kohl, “The Use and Abuse of World-Systems Theory,” Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory 11: 1-35, 1987 10. ^Peter N. Peregrine and Gary Feinman, eds., Pre-Columbian World-Systems (Madison: Prehistory Press, 1996) {{ISBN|978-1-881094-16-6}} 11. ^Blanton et al., “A Dual-Processual Theory for the Evolution of Mesoamerican Civilization,” Current Anthropology 37(1):1-14, 1996 12. ^Barbara Mills, ed. Alternative Leadership Strategies in the Prehispanic Southwest (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2000) {{ISBN|978-0-8165-2028-2}} References{{refbegin|indent=yes}}{{cite book |author=Marcus, Joyce |authorlink=Joyce Marcus |author2=Kent V. Flannery |author2-link=Kent V. Flannery |year=2000 |chapter=Cultural Evolution in Oaxaca: The Origins of the Zapotec and Mixtec Civilizations |editor=Richard E.W. Adams |editor2=Murdo J. Macleod |title=The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas, Vol. II: Mesoamerica, part 1 |location=Cambridge, UK |publisher=Cambridge University Press |pages=358–406|isbn=0-521-35165-0 |oclc=33359444}}{{refend}} External links
11 : American Mesoamericanists|Mesoamerican anthropologists|Mesoamerican archaeologists|Zapotec scholars|Aztec scholars|20th-century Mesoamericanists|21st-century Mesoamericanists|University of Michigan alumni|Purdue University faculty|1943 births|Living people |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。