“Richard Herbert, 2nd Baron Herbert of Chirbury”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Richard Herbert, 2nd Baron Herbert of Chirbury (c. 1604 – 13 May 1655) was an Anglo-Welsh Member of Parliament, a Royalist who fought with the rank of Colonel in the English Civil War, and a peer whose membership of the House of Lords was curtailed by its abolition in 1649.

Life

Herbert, born about 1604, was the elder son of the poet Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury, of Montgomery Castle, and of Mary, the daughter and heiress of Sir William Herbert (d. 1593), both members of a collateral branch of the family of the Earls of Pembroke. He was born while his father was under the age of twenty-one.^[1]

On 19 November 1627 at Bridgwater House, Barbican, City of London, Herbert married Lady Mary Egerton (c. 1604–1659), one of the five daughters of John Egerton, 1st Earl of Bridgwater. Their children were two sons, Edward and Henry, and two daughters, Frances and Florence.^[2]

As the result of his marriage, Herbert was the brother-in-law of David Cecil, 3rd Earl of Exeter (c. 1600–1643), Sir John Hobart (1593–1647), Richard Vaughan, 2nd Earl of Carbery (c. 1600–1686), Oliver St John, 5th Baron St John of Bletso (d. 1642), and John Egerton, 2nd Earl of Bridgewater (1623–1686).^[2]

A Royalist, in March 1640 Herbert was elected to the Commons in the Short Parliament representing Montgomeryshire. In October of the same year, at the outset of the Long Parliament, he was elected from Montgomery. He was appointed Royal Governor of Bridgnorth in 1642, as the English Civil War was breaking out. At his own expense, in the king's cause he raised both a foot regiment and a troop of horse, and the king gave him the rank of Colonel. On 12 October 1642 he was disabled from sitting in parliament, on account of having executed the Commission of Array in Shropshire and of joining the king at Oxford. In 1643, he graduated Master of Arts of the University of Oxford and became Governor of Ludlow.^[3]

In July 1643, Colonel Richard Herbert, in command of his regiment, was with Prince Rupert of the Rhine at the capture of Bristol.^[4]

On 5 September 1644 Herbert's father Lord Herbert surrendered the family seat of Montgomery Castle, by negotiation, to parliamentary forces led by Sir Thomas Myddelton. The older Herbert returned to London, submitted to parliament, and received a pension of £20 a week, while the Castle was subsequently slighted.^[5]

Herbert was Governor of Aberystwyth in 1644 and of Newport in 1645, but he took the Negative Oath and on 6 March 1647 "petitioned to compound", with the result that he was fined £1,000 as the price of making his peace with parliament.^[3]

When Herbert's father died on 5 August 1648, he inherited his father's titles, Baron Herbert of Castle Island in the peerage of Ireland and Baron Herbert of Chirbury in the peerage of England, but little else. His younger brother, Edward, received the manor of Llyssin for life, while his own son, another Edward, received his grandfather's books and most of his personal property. Herbert himself, the elder son, got only his father's horses and was instructed to "make much of the white horse", while his wife, the new Lady Herbert, was bequeathed her father-in-law's viols and lutes.^[1]

He was briefly a member of the House of Lords, until on 19 March 1649 it was abolished by an Act of Parliament that declared that "The Commons of England find by too long experience that the House of Lords is useless and dangerous to the people of England". The Lords did not meet again until the Convention Parliament of 1660.^[6]

Herbert succeeded his father as Chief Forester of Snowdon.^[3] He died on 13 May 1655 and was buried at Montgomery.^[2]^[3]

Descendants

Herbert's sons, Edward and Henry, both in turn succeeded him but left no male heirs. His daughter Frances was unmarried. His daughter, Florence, married a cousin, Richard Herbert (died 1676), of Oakley Park, Montgomeryshire. Their son Francis Herbert (died 1719) was the father of Henry Herbert, 1st Earl of Powis, and of Urania Herbert (died 1776), who married the Member of Parliament Coulson Fellowes. She left two sons and a daughter, Urania Fellowes, who married John Wallop, 2nd Earl of Portsmouth (1742–1797).^[7]

See also

Notes

1. ^¹Sidney Lee, 'Herbert, Edward (1583–1648)', in Dictionary of National Biography (1885-1900), vol. 26, wikisource
2. ^¹²G. E. Cokayne et al., eds., The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant (1910-1959, reprint in 6 volumes, 2000), vol. VI, p. 442
3. ^¹²³William Retlaw Williams, The parliamentary history of the principality of Wales, from the earliest times to the present day, 1541-1895 (1895), [https://books.google.com/books?id=rbYlAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Richard+Herbert%22+%22Mary+Egerton%22&dq=%22Richard+Herbert%22+%22Mary+Egerton%22&hl=en&ei=XsPxTLWvLNC2hAfQ7Oj6Cw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCYQ6AEwAA p. 143 (snippet 1)], [https://books.google.com/books?id=rbYlAAAAMAAJ&q=%22and+Newport+1645+but+took+the%22&dq=%22and+Newport+1645+but+took+the%22&hl=en&ei=_OTxTOyBG4SYhQfI9O2NDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCYQ6AEwAA (snippet 2)]: "Richard Herbert of Montgomery. Eldest son of the member 1601, whom he succ. as 2nd Lord Herbert of Chirbury 6 Aug. 1648, b. about 1600, m. Lady Mary Egerton dau. of John Earl of Bridgwater, sat for co. Montgomery March to May 1640, and for Montgomery Oct. 1640 until disabled 12 Sept. 1642 for putting the Commission of Array in execution in Salop, and joining the King at Oxford, was cr. MA Oxford 1643, raised at his own charges a regiment of foot and a troop of horse, and bore the rank of Col. was Gov. of Bridgnorth 1642, Ludlow 1643, Aberystwith 1644, and Newport 1645 but took the Negative Oath, petitioned to compound 6 March 1647, and fined £1,000. d. 13 May 1655 and was bur. at Montgomery. He was Chief Forester of Snowdon... like his father."
4. ^Eliot Warburton, Memoirs of Prince Rupert, and the cavaliers: Including their private correspondence, now first published from the original manuscripts (1849), [https://books.google.com/books?id=2JoLAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA237#v=onepage&q&f=false p. 237]
5. ^Journal of the House of Lords: volume 6: 1643 at british-history.ac.uk
6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.constitution.org/eng/conpur089.htm |title=An Act abolishing the House of Lords |accessdate=28 November 2010 |date=19 March 1649}}
7. ^Hon. Florence Herbert at thepeerage.com