词条 | Manès Sperber |
释义 |
Manès Sperber (12 December 1905 – 5 February 1984) was an Austrian-French novelist, essayist and psychologist. He also wrote under the pseudonyms Jan Heger and N.A. Menlos. Early lifeSperber was born on 12 December 1905 in Zabłotów near Kolomea, in the Austrian Galicia (today Zabolotiv, Ukraine). Sperber grew up in the shtetl of Zabłotów in a Hasidic family. He was the son of David Mechel Sperber[1] and the older brother of Milo Sperber born 1911, who was to become an actor in Britain. In the summer of 1916 the family fled from war to Vienna, where Sperber who, having lost faith, at 13 had refused to do his bar mitzvah, joined the Jewish Hashomer Hatzair youth movement. There he met Alfred Adler, the founder of individual psychology, and became a student and co-worker. Adler broke with him in 1932 because of differences in opinion about the connection of individual psychology and Marxism. In 1927 Sperber had moved to Berlin and joined the Communist Party. He lectured at the Berliner Gesellschaft für Individualpsychologie, an institute for individual psychology in Berlin. After Hitler had taken power Sperber was taken to jail, but was released after a few weeks on the grounds that he was an Austrian citizen. He emigrated first to Yugoslavia and then in 1934 to Paris where he worked for the Communist International with Willi Münzenberg. In 1938 he left the party because of the Stalinist purges within the party. In his writing he started to deal with totalitarianism and the role of the individual within society (Zur Analyse der Tyrannis). In 1939 Sperber volunteered for the French Army. After the defeat, he took refuge in Cagnes, in the so-called "zone libre" (free zone) of France, and had to flee with his family to Switzerland in 1942, when the deportation of Jews started in that zone too. CareerAfter the end of the war, in 1945, he returned to Paris, and worked as a writer and as a senior editor at the Calmann-Lévy publishing house. Manès Sperber is the author of a novel trilogy: A Trilogy, (1949–1955); of an autobiographical trilogy: All our Yesterdays (1974–1997), and numerous essays on philosophy, politics, literature, and psychology. Sperber was widely published and read in Germany, receiving the high-profile Peace Prize of the German Book Trade in 1983. In awarding the prize, the association described Sperber as a "writer, who tracked the path of the ideological aberrations of the century, and freed himself from them entirely. Throughout his life he retained the independence of his own judgement, and incapable of indifference, summoned the courage, to get himself onto that non-existing bridge that only opens up in front of those who step out over the abyss."[2] The German writer Siegfried Lenz held the speech highlighting Sperber's lifetime achievement.[3] One of his closest friends was the novelist Constantine Fitzgibbon who translated much of his work into English. Personal lifeManès Sperber is the father of Italian historian it:Vladimir Sperber and French anthropologist and cognitive scientist Dan Sperber. His first wife, Miriam Sperber, eventually emigrated to Champaign, Illinois, and became a counselor at the Psychological and Counseling Center there. His younger brother Milo was an English actor. Milo spent the last years of his life travelling around Britain reading from his brother's works. DeathManès Sperber died on 5 February 1984 in Paris. He was buried in the Montparnasse cemetery in Paris. Prizes
Works
Notes1. ^R' David Mechel Sperber and his patrilinear ancestors mentioned under the name Shfarber in Zabłotów's Yizkor Book . 2. ^{{cite web |last1=Friedenspreis des Deutschen Buchhandels |title=Manès Sperber: Der Preisträger 1983 |url=http://www.friedenspreis-des-deutschen-buchhandels.de/445722/?aid=537266 |accessdate=14 January 2019}} 3. ^{{cite web |last1=Lenz |first1=Siegfried |title=Von der Gegenwart des Vergangenen |url=https://www.friedenspreis-des-deutschen-buchhandels.de/sixcms/media.php/1290/1983_%20sperber.pdf |website=Friedenspreis des Deutschen Buchhandels |accessdate=14 January 2019}} 4. ^The Encyclopœdia of Sexual Knowledge External links
15 : 1905 births|1984 deaths|Austrian emigrants to France|Austrian Jews|Austrian psychologists|Austrian male writers|Burials at Montparnasse Cemetery|French Jews|French psychologists|Georg Büchner Prize winners|Jewish writers|People from Sniatyn Raion|Recipients of the Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art, 1st class|Recipients of the Grand Austrian State Prize|Ukrainian Jews |
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