| 词条 | Richard Smith (East India Company officer) |
| 释义 |
| name =Richard Smith | image = | caption = | birth_date =baptised 1734 | death_date =3 July 1803 | placeofburial_label = | placeofburial = | birth_place = | death_place = | placeofburial_coordinates = | nickname = | allegiance ={{flag|Kingdom of Great Britain}} | branch =British Army | serviceyears = | rank =Brigadier-General | unit = | commands =Indian Army | battles = | awards = | relations = | laterwork = }} Brigadier-General Richard Smith (baptised 1734 – 3 July 1803) was Commander-in-Chief, India of the East India Company (Bengal). Early lifeHe was the eldest son of John Smith, cheesemonger, of Jermyn Street, St. James’s, in what is now central London. Military careerHe served in India as an ensign in the Madras Army in 1752, rising to the rank of captain.[1] In 1761 returned to London and became a prominent shareholder in the East India Company.[1] When he went out to India again in 1764 it was as Colonel of one of the East India Company's three brigades.[1] In 1767 he was promoted to Commander-in-Chief, India.[2] He was made Brigadier-General in 1768 before retiring in 1770. Political careerIn 1774 he went into politics as Member of Parliament for Hindon, later serving as MP for Wendover in 1780 and as MP for Wareham in 1790.[1] He was appointed High Sheriff of Berkshire for 1779–80.[3] He became notorious as a nabob, one of the Englishmen returned from India with considerable wealth, and may have served as a "type" for Samuel Foote's 1772 play of that title. He was satirically attacked by a Captain Joseph Price and a portrait of him appeared opposite that of Elizabeth Armistead (one of the favourite courtesans, and eventually the wife, of Charles James Fox) in Town and Country Magazine. He gambled huge amounts, on horses and at cards, and is said to have lost heavily to Fox.[4] Family and descendantsHe lived at Chiltern Lodge near Hungerford in Berkshire.[1] In 1756 he married Amelia Hopkins, the daughter of master mariner Captain Charles Hopkins. His Oxford Dictionary of National Biography entry says only that the couple had a son and a daughter, without naming them.[1] The History of Parliament contains a biography both for him, stating that in 1780 he purchased a seat at Wendover for an unnamed son,[5] and for a John Mansell Smith, which says he was the only son of Richard Smith.[6] References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 Richard Smith at Oxford Dictionary of National Biography {{s-start}}{{s-mil}}{{succession box | title=Commander-in-Chief, India | before=Lord Clive | after=Sir Robert Barker | years=1767–1770}}2. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=P_cNAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PR20&dq=%22General+Charles+Morgan%22&lr=&cd=24#v=onepage&q=%22General%20Charles%20Morgan%22&f=false The Bengal almanac, for 1827, compiled by S. Smith and Co., Page XX] 3. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1790-1820/member/smith-richard-1734-1803|title= SMITH, Richard (1734-1803), of Harley Street, Mdx. and Chilton Lodge, Hungerford, Berks.|publisher= History of Parliament Online|accessdate = 29 June 2013}} 4. ^G. J. Bryant, ‘Smith, Richard (bap. 1734, d. 1803)’,Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 20 Oct 2016 5. ^{{cite web|title=SMITH, Richard (1734-1803), of Chilton Foliat, Wilts.|url=http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1754-1790/member/smith-richard-1734-1803|website=History of Parliament|accessdate=20 October 2016}} 6. ^{{cite web|last1=Cannon|first1=J.A.|title=SMITH, John Mansell (b. ?1758), of Chilton Foliat, Wilts.|url=http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1754-1790/member/smith-john-mansell-1758|website=History of Parliament|accessdate=20 October 2016}} |-{{s-par|gb}}{{succession box | title = Member of Parliament for Wendover | with=John Mansell Smith | years = 1780–1784 | before = Thomas Dummer | after = Robert Burton }} |-{{succession box | title = Member of Parliament for Wareham | with=Lord Robert Spencer | years = 1790–1796 | before = John Calcraft | after = Charles Ellis }}{{end}}{{Commander-in-Chief, India}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Smith, Richard}} 12 : 1734 births|1803 deaths|People from Middlesex|People from Hungerford|Madras Staff Corps officers|Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies|British Commanders-in-Chief of India|British MPs 1774–80|British MPs 1780–84|British MPs 1790–96|British East India Company Army generals|High Sheriffs of Berkshire |
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