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词条 1902 United States House of Representatives elections
释义

  1. Election summaries

  2. Early election dates

  3. California

  4. Florida

  5. South Carolina

  6. See also

  7. Notes

  8. References

  9. Bibliography

  10. External links

{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1902 United States House of Representatives elections
| country = United States
| flag_year = 1896
| type = legislative
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1900 United States House of Representatives elections
| previous_year = 1900
| next_election = 1904 United States House of Representatives elections
| next_year = 1904
| seats_for_election = All 386 seats to the United States House of Representatives
194 seats were needed for a majority
| election_date = November 4, 1902[1]
| image1 =
| leader1 = Joseph Cannon
| leader_since1 = March 4, 1903
| party1 = Republican Party (United States)
| leaders_seat1 = Illinois-18th
| last_election1 = 201 seats[2]
| seats_before1 =
| seats1 = 210[4][5][6]
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 9
| popular_vote1 =
| percentage1 =
| swing1 =
| image2 =
| leader2 = John Sharp Williams
| leader_since2 = March 4, 1903
| party2 = Democratic Party (United States)
| leaders_seat2 = Mississippi-8th
| last_election2 = 151 seats
| seats_before2 =
| seats2 = 176[4][5]
| seat_change2 = {{increase}} 25
| popular_vote2 =
| percentage2 =
| swing2 =
| title = Speaker
| before_election = David Henderson
| before_party = Republican Party (United States)
| after_election = Joseph Cannon
| after_party= Republican Party (United States)
}}

Elections to the United States House of Representatives held in 1902 occurred in the middle of President Theodore Roosevelt's first term, about a year after the assassination of President William McKinley in September 1901.

Due to the increased size of the House and the reapportionment that resulted from the 1900 U.S. Census, the Republican Party and the Democratic Party both gained seats simultaneously, which has not occurred in any elections since. The Democrats increased their share of the House, but not by enough to regain control.

With a stable economy and no cornerstone issue, Democratic gains can mostly be linked to the effects of redistricting. Many of the new seats were in areas with high numbers of immigrants (mostly Eastern and Southern European industrial workers, and Northern European farmers), with new immigrants tending to vote Democrat. The Populist Party disappeared from the House, with its supporters almost unanimously switching to the Democratic Party.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} Notable freshmen included future Vice President and Speaker John Nance Garner (D-Texas).

This election marked the third and most recent time in American history where the incumbent President's party gained House seats in a midterm election while still losing seats in the Senate, the first two being in 1814 and 1822.

Election summaries

29 new seats were added in reapportionment following the 1900 Census.[8] No states lost seats, 16 had no change in apportionment, 14 gained 1 seat, 3 gained 2 seats, and 3 gained 3 seats. Two of the states that gained representation elected the new seat at-large.

↓
2073176
Republican IR Democratic
StateTypeTotal seatsRepublicanDemocratic
Seats ChangeSeatsChangeSeatsChange
Alabama District9{{steady}}0{{steady}}9{{steady}}
Arkansas District7{{increase}} 10{{steady}}7{{increase}} 1
California District8{{increase}} 15{{decrease}} 23{{increase}} 3
Colorado District
+at-large[9]		3[10]{{increase}} 13{{increase}} 2[11]0{{steady}}
Connecticut District
+at-large[9]		5{{increase}} 15{{increase}} 10{{steady}}
Delaware At-large1{{steady}}0{{decrease}} 11{{increase}} 1
Florida District3{{increase}} 10{{steady}}3{{increase}} 1
Georgia District11{{steady}}0{{steady}}11{{steady}}
Idaho At-large1[10]{{steady}}1{{increase}} 10{{steady}}
Illinois District25{{increase}} 317{{increase}} 68{{decrease}} 3
Indiana District13{{steady}}9{{steady}}4{{steady}}
Iowa District11{{steady}}10{{decrease}} 11{{increase}} 1
Kansas District
+at-large		8{{steady}}8{{increase}} 10{{decrease}} 1
Kentucky District11{{steady}}1{{decrease}} 110{{increase}} 1
Louisiana District7{{increase}} 10{{steady}}7{{increase}} 1
Maine[12] District4{{steady}}4{{steady}}0{{steady}}
Maryland District6{{steady}}4{{decrease}} 22{{increase}} 2
Massachusetts District14{{increase}} 110{{steady}}4{{increase}} 1
Michigan District12{{steady}}11{{decrease}} 11{{increase}} 1
Minnesota District9{{increase}} 28{{increase}} 11{{increase}} 1
Mississippi District8{{increase}} 10{{steady}}8{{increase}} 1
Missouri District16{{increase}} 11{{decrease}} 215{{increase}} 3
Montana At-large1[10]{{steady}}1{{increase}} 10{{steady}}
Nebraska District6[13]{{steady}}5{{increase}} 31{{decrease}} 1
Nevada At-large1{{steady}}0{{steady}}1{{steady}}
New Hampshire District2{{steady}}2{{steady}}0{{steady}}
New Jersey District10{{increase}} 27{{increase}} 13{{increase}} 1
New York District37{{increase}} 320{{decrease}} 117{{increase}} 4
North Carolina District10{{increase}} 10{{decrease}} 210{{increase}} 3
North Dakota At-large2{{increase}} 12{{increase}} 10{{steady}}
Ohio District21{{steady}}17{{steady}}4{{steady}}
Oregon[12] District2{{steady}}2{{steady}}0{{steady}}
Pennsylvania District[14]32{{increase}} 229[6]{{increase}} 33{{decrease}} 1
Rhode Island District2{{steady}}1{{decrease}} 11{{increase}} 1
South Carolina District7{{steady}}0{{steady}}7{{steady}}
South Dakota At-large2{{steady}}2{{steady}}0{{steady}}
Tennessee District10{{steady}}2{{steady}}8{{steady}}
Texas District16{{increase}} 30{{steady}}16{{increase}} 3
Utah At-large1{{steady}}1{{steady}}0{{steady}}
Vermont[12] District2{{steady}}2{{steady}}0{{steady}}
Virginia District10{{steady}}1{{increase}} 19{{decrease}} 1
Washington At-large3{{increase}} 13{{increase}} 10{{steady}}
West Virginia District5{{increase}} 15{{increase}} 10{{steady}}
Wisconsin District11{{increase}} 110{{steady}}1{{increase}} 1
Wyoming At-large1{{steady}}1{{steady}}0{{steady}}
Total386{{increase}} 29210[6]
54.4%		{{increase}} 9176
45.6%		{{increase}} 25
{{bar box
|title=House seats
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=600px
|barwidth=410px
|bars={{bar percent|Republican|{{Republican Party (US)/meta/color}}|54.40}}{{bar percent|Democratic|{{Democratic Party (US)/meta/color}}|45.60}}
}}

The previous election had 5 Populists, but the party completely disappeared from the U.S. House in the 1902 elections.

Early election dates

In 1902, three states, with 8 seats among them, held elections early:

  • June 2 Oregon
  • September 2 Vermont
  • September 8 Maine

California

{{Main|United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1902}}
District Incumbent Party First
elected		 Result Candidates
California|1|X}} Samuel D. Woods
Redistricted from the 2nd district		Republican 1900Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.		√ James N. Gillett (Republican) 50.5%
Thomas S. Ford (Democratic) 46.7%
M. E. Shore (Socialist) 1.9%
W. O. Clark (Prohibition) 0.9%
California|2|X}} Frank Coombs
Redistricted from the 1st district		Republican 1900Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.		√ Theodore A. Bell (Democratic) 49.2%
Frank Coombs (Republican) 48.3%
G. H. Rogers (Socialist) 1.7%
W. P. Fassett (Prohibition) 0.8%
California|3|X}} Victor H. MetcalfRepublican 1898 Incumbent re-elected.√ Victor H. Metcalf (Republican) 66.2%
Calvin B. White (Democratic) 27.7%
M. W. Wilkins (Socialist) 5%
T. H. Montgomery (Prohibition) 1.1%
California|4|X}} Julius KahnRepublican 1898Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.		√ Edward J. Livernash (Democratic) 49.2%
Julius Kahn (Republican) 48.7%
William Costley (Socialist) 1.9%
Joseph Rowell (Prohibition) 0.2%
California|5|X}} Eugene F. LoudRepublican 1890Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.		√ William J. Wynn (Democratic) 56.5%
Eugene F. Loud (Republican) 41.2%
Joseph Lawrence (Socialist) 1.5%
Frank W. Caton (Prohibition) 0.7%
California|6|X}} James C. Needham
Redistricted from the 7th district		Republican 1898 Incumbent re-elected.√ James C. Needham (Republican) 53.5%
Gaston N. Ashe (Democratic) 42.5%
J. L. Cobb (Socialist) 2.5%
L. C. Jolley (Prohibition) 1.4%
California|7|X}} James McLachlan
Redistricted from the 6th district		Republican 1900 Incumbent re-elected.√ James McLachlan (Republican) 64.8%
Carl A. Johnson (Democratic) 27%
George H. Hewes (Socialist) 4.2%
Frederick F. Wheeler (Prohibition) 4%
California|8|X}}None (District created)New seat.
New member elected.
Republican gain.		√ Milton J. Daniels (Republican) 51.9%
William E. Smythe (Democratic) 40.8%
Noble A. Richardson (Socialist) 5.4%
Ellsworth Leonardson (Prohibition) 2%

Florida

{{Main|United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, 1902}}
District Incumbent Party First
elected		 Result Candidates
FL|1|X}} Stephen M. SparkmanDemocratic 1894 Incumbent re-elected.√ Stephen M. Sparkman (Democratic) Unopposed
FL|2|X}} Robert Wyche DavisDemocratic 1896 Incumbent re-elected.√ Robert Wyche Davis (Democratic) Unopposed
FL|3|X}}None (District created)New seat.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.		√ William B. Lamar (Democratic) Unopposed

South Carolina

{{Main|United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 1902}}
District Incumbent Party First
elected		 Result Candidates
SC|1|X}} William ElliottDemocratic 1886
1896		Incumbent retired to run for U.S. Senator.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.		√ George Swinton Legaré (Democratic) 95.5%
Aaron P. Prioleau (Republican) 4.5%
SC|2|X}} W. Jasper TalbertDemocratic 1892Incumbent retired to run for Governor of South Carolina.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.		√ George W. Croft (Democratic) 94.9%
W. S. Dixon (Republican) 5.0%
Others 0.1%
SC|3|X}} Asbury LatimerDemocratic 1892Incumbent retired to run for U.S. Senator.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.		√ Wyatt Aiken (Democratic) 98.9%
John Scott (Republican) 1.1%
SC|4|X}} Joseph T. JohnsonDemocratic 1900 Incumbent re-elected.√ Joseph T. Johnson (Democratic) 98.7%
L. W. C. Blalock (Republican) 1.3%
SC|5|X}} David E. FinleyDemocratic 1898 Incumbent re-elected.√ David E. Finley (Democratic) 99.3%
C. P. T. White (Republican) 0.7%
SC|6|X}} Robert B. ScarboroughDemocratic 1900 Incumbent re-elected.√ Robert B. Scarborough (Democratic) Unopposed
SC|7|X}} Asbury F. LeverDemocratic 1901 (special) Incumbent re-elected.√ Asbury F. Lever (Democratic) 96.2%
Alexander D. Dantzler (Republican) 3.8%

See also

  • United States elections, 1902
    • United States Senate elections, 1902
  • 57th United States Congress
  • 58th United States Congress

Notes

1. ^Three states held early elections between June 2 and September 18.
2. ^Included 1 member of the Silver Republican faction, John F. Shafroth, of CO-01.
3. ^Includes five vacancies.
4. ^1 {{cite web | url=http://history.house.gov/Institution/Party-Divisions/Party-Divisions/ |title=Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present |publisher=Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives |date= |accessdate=May 18, 2015}}
5. ^1 Martis, pp. 156–157.
6. ^1 2 Includes 3 Independent Republicans elected to PA-29, PA-31, and PA-32 in the Pittsburgh area.
7. ^Includes six vacancies.
8. ^[https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/1900_Apportionment.pdf Apportionment Act of 1901]
9. ^1 Additional seat elected at-large due to State delaying redistricting.
10. ^1 2 Election of 1900 saw the election of 1 Populist.
11. ^There was one member of the Silver Republican Party faction elected in 1900, John F. Shafroth. Shafroth attempted to get elected as a Democrat in 1902, but his election was contested and overturned.
12. ^1 2 Elections held early.
13. ^Election of 1900 saw the election of 2 Populists in Nebraska.
14. ^At-large seats eliminated in redistricting.

References

{{Reflist}}

Bibliography

  • Republican Congressional Committee, [https://books.google.com/books?id=TLoJAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA1&dq=Republican+Campaign+Textbook&as_brr=1#PPA1,M1 The Republican Campaign Textbook 1902] (1902).
  • {{cite book | first=Michael J. |last=Dubin | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ElyQgAACAAJ&dq=United+States+Congressional+Elections,+1788-1997:+The+Official+Results&hl=en&sa=X&ei=wvC6VL-aL5etyAS3_YCADA&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA | title=United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses | publisher=McFarland and Company | date=March 1, 1998 |isbn=978-0786402830}}
  • {{cite book | first=Kenneth C. |last=Martis | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q0hyQgAACAAJ&dq=The+Historical+Atlas+of+Political+Parties+in+the+United+States+Congress,+1789-1989&hl=en&sa=X&ei=gKTGVOiSCM22oQSk9oHoAg&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA | title=The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989 | publisher=Macmillan Publishing Company | date=January 1, 1989 |isbn=978-0029201701}}
  • {{cite book | editor-first=John L. |editor-last=Moore | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sKERAQAAMAAJ&q=isbn:9780871879967&dq=isbn:9780871879967&hl=en&sa=X&ei=_K_GVIfQJcbWoASvxIKwCQ&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA | title=Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections | publisher=Congressional Quarterly Inc. | edition=Third | date=1994 |isbn=978-0871879967}}
  • {{cite web | url=http://history.house.gov/Institution/Party-Divisions/Party-Divisions/ |title=Party Divisions of the House of Representatives 1789–Present |publisher=Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives |date= |accessdate=January 21, 2015}}

External links

  • Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)
{{United States House of Representatives elections}}

1 : 1902 United States House of Representatives elections
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