| 词条 | Richard V. Southwell |
| 释义 |
| name = Richard Southwell | birth_name = Richard Vynne Southwell | image = | image_size = | caption = | birth_date = 2 July 1888 | birth_place = Norwich | death_date ={{Death date and age|df=yes| 1970|12|9|1888|7|2}} | death_place = | nationality = British | fields = Mathematics | workplaces = University of Oxford | alma_mater = Trinity College, Cambridge[1] | doctoral_advisor = | doctoral_students = Leslie Fox Olgierd Zienkiewicz[2] | known_for = | awards = Timoshenko Medal {{small|(1959)}} Elliott Cresson Medal {{small|(1964)}} Fellow of the Royal Society[3] }}Sir Richard Vynne Southwell, FRS[3] (2 July 1888 – 9 December 1970) was a British mathematician who specialised in applied mechanics as an engineering science academic.[4][5] Education and careerRichard Southwell was educated at Norwich School and the University of Cambridge, where in 1912 he achieved first class degree results in both the mathematical and mechanical science tripos.[6] In 1914, he became a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, and a lecturer in Mechanical Sciences. Southwell was in the Royal Naval Air Service during World War I. After World War I, he was head of the Aerodynamics and Structures Divisions at the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough. In 1920, he moved to the National Physical Laboratory. He then returned to Trinity College in 1925 as Fellow and Mathematics Lecturer in 1925. Next, in 1929, he moved to Oxford University as Professor of Engineering Science and Fellow of Brasenose College. Here, he developed a research group, including Derman Christopherson, with whom he worked on his relaxation method. He became a member of a number of UK governmental technical committees, including for the Air Ministry, at the time when the R100 and R101 airships were being conceived. Southwell was Rector at Imperial College, London from 1942 until his retirement in 1948.[4][7][8] He continued his research at Imperial College. He was also involved in the opening a new student residence, Selkirk Hall. Scientific contributionAs a scientist, Southwell developed relaxation methods for solving partial differential equations in engineering and theoretical physics during the 1930 and the 1940s. The equations had first to be discretised by the finite difference methods. Then, the values of the function of the grids would have to be iteratively adjusted so that the discretised equation would be satisfied. At the time, digital computers did not exist, and the computations had to be done by hand. Southwell developed various techniques to speed up the calculations. For instance, in 1935, he used multiple grids for that purpose, a technique which would later be elaborated into the multigrid method.[9] HonoursSouthwell received the following honours and recognition for his achievements:
Southwell was also honoured with a knighthood. Publications
References1. ^SOUTHWELL, Sir Richard Vynne, Who Was Who, A & C Black, 1920–2015; online edn, Oxford University Press, 2014 2. ^{{MathGenealogy |id=122118}} 3. ^1 2 {{Cite journal | last1 = Christopherson | first1 = D. G. | doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1972.0020 | title = Richard Vynne Southwell 1888-1970 | journal = Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society | volume = 18 | pages = 549 | year = 1972 | pmid = | pmc = }} 4. ^1 Sir Richard Southwell, MA, LLD, FRS: Rector 1942–48, Imperial College, London, UK. 5. ^https://books.google.ca/books?ei=reCWUbDYIc_0igLRh4CgAw&id=QfQKAQAAMAAJ&dq=ricahrd+vynne+southwell+died+1970&q=%22Southwell%2C+Sir+Richard+Vynne+%22#search_anchor 6. ^A. G. Pugsley, ‘Southwell, Sir Richard Vynne (1888–1970)’, rev. H. C. G. Matthew, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Jan 2011, accessed 2 November 2013 7. ^Hannah Guy, [https://books.google.com/books?id=x4u4ikoj1M8C The history of Imperial College London, 1907–2007], Imperial College Press, 2007. [https://books.google.com/books?id=x4u4ikoj1M8C&pg=PA749 Page 749]. 8. ^{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1038/162016a0 | title = Imperial College of Science and Technology: Sir Richard Southwell, F.R.S | journal = Nature | volume = 162 | issue = 4105 | pages = 16 | year = 1948 | pmid = | pmc = }} 9. ^A. O. Demuren, Application of Multigrid Methods to solve Navier-Stokes Equations, [https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19900004686_1990004686.pdf NASA Technical Memorandum no. 102359] (1989). External links
| title = Rector of Imperial College London | years = 1942–1948 | before = Sir Henry Tizard | after = Sir Roderic Hill }}{{s-end}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Southwell, Richard Vynne}} 15 : 1888 births|1970 deaths|People from Norwich|People educated at Norwich School (independent school)|Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge|English mathematicians|English mechanical engineers|Engineering academics|Fellows of Brasenose College, Oxford|Rectors of Imperial College London|Fellows of the Royal Society|Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences|Knights Bachelor|Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge|Royal Naval Air Service personnel of World War I |
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