“Rilindja Demokratike”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

RD still helds the record of most published newspaper in Albania, with a circulation of 125.000 copies in 1991.^[5] Together with Gazeta 55 it is the only right winged news paper, but RD is considered the main opposition newspaper.^[6]

History

Huge political reforms took place in Albania, and the Communist regime in power was forced to allow small opposition groups in its political system. After the fall of communism in Albania the Democratic Party (DP) on 11 December 1990 no free media was published in Albania. On 5 January 1991 the first issue of RD was published in Albania,^[7] ordered by Sali Berisha, at that leader of the DP.^[6] RD started to function against the state newspaper Zëri i Popullit what was the newspaper of the Communist Party and nowadays of the Socialist Party. Even after the creation of the first free media in Albania, the left winged media continued to criticize RD and considered this newspaper of an "enemy of the party." ^[6]

In the beginning, RD was published twice a week, but was later converted to a daily newspaper. The circulation of the paper was in the beginning around 70-100 thousand copies, while people interested in the newspaper had to wait in lines to get a copy.^[6] Its 2005 circulation was 10,000 copies, making it the third most read daily in the country.^[8] In the first numbers RD oriented to the values of freedom, democracy, free market and anti-self-understanding. There were left pages to former politically persecuted and former owners, who by this action got for the first time in history a voice in the country.

The first words of the newspaper where "today, Rilindja Demokratike [Democratic Reborn] says its first words. This reborn has a big task and one of great importance. It has taken the duty to say the right things." It first issue was sold by the price of 1 Leke.

Content

Sections

The newspaper is organized in seven sections, including the magazine Ekspres.al.

Style

When referring to people, Rilindja Demokratike generally uses honorifics, rather than unadorned last names (except in the sports pages, Book Review and Magazine). In the early years it used a four-column format, but switched to five-column format.

Opinion pieces

One of the main elements of RD are the opinion pieces published daily. Usually, two opinion pages are published. Although the authors of the opinion pieces are not scheduled,^[16] some of its main contributors are Bledi Kasmi,^[9] Basir Çollaku,^[10] Hamit Taka,^[11] Vincent Triest^[12] and Hyqmet Zane^[13]^[14] for RD. It is interesting to notice that RD have been over the time a starting point for many politicians of the Democratic Party, like Astrid Patozi, Edi Paloka and Gent Strazimiri.

Web presence

Rilindja Demokratike has had a web presence since 2005. Accessing articles does not require registration. Only the front page can be downloaded in pdf-format, the papers articles can be accessed only on the website. Since 2013, RD has a new website.

Editor in chief

The first editor was Frrok Çupi, who left in June 1991. After Cupi left, Napoleon Roshi took the lead of RD. He was a former director of Foreign Radio and former journalist at "Union", then Mitro Çela, will lead the newspaper till the end of 1991 until the successful campaign of 22 March 1992.

In April 1992, Bashkim Trenova was the editor in chief until the end of 1994, which was took by Lorenc Ligori, spokesman for the Democratic Party in that time. In the autumn of 1995 RD will be administered by Lazer Stani until March 12, 1997, after which will be overtaken by Xhevat Mustafa, who will remain in office until May 1997, when he was replaced by Astrit Patozi, former editor of Albania. Patozi ran the newspaper until July 2005, when he would be elected a member of the Democratic Party in the Parliament. From this time onwards newspaper RD was directed by journalist Bledi Kasmi.^[15]

Criticism

RD is often criticized by the left winged media in the country, because it is the official organ of the Democratic Party.^[16] Since creation of the first free media in Albania, the left winged media continued to criticize RD and considered this newspaper of an "enemy of the party." ^[15] Nowadays, together with Gazeta 55 it is the only right-winged media in Albania.

Incidents and legal cases

See also

References

1. ^ {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090703101726/http://www.lajmeonline.com/2009/01/rilindja-demokratike-gazeta-e-hapur-per-te-gjithe/ |date=July 3, 2009 }}
2. ^¹{{cite web| url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/2002/albania/albania0602.pdf|title=Albania: The Cost of Speech: Violations of Media Freedom in Albania|publisher=Human Rights Watch (HRW) (June 2002). Vol. 14, No. 5 (D)}}
3. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L0OOAAAAMAAJ&q=Rilindja+Demokratike&dq=Rilindja+Demokratike&hl=en&ei=2WvWTdiRMoOVOqPGqaQH&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDoQ6AEwAg|title=Albania in transition: the rocky road to democracy|author=Elez Biberaj|publisher=Westview Press|isbn=978-0813336886|year=1999|accessdate=9 November 2013}}
4. ^Robert Elsie: Albanian print free, not TV or radio, Nieman Reports 50.2 (Summer 1996), p.78
5. ^¹{{cite web| url=http://noa.al/artikull/post/30762.html|title=Frrok Çupi: Shtypi i pavarur, ka qenë një legjendë|publisher=Noa|date= 5 January 2012}}
6. ^Albania's Second Transition; Borchgrevink, Aage
7. ^{{cite web|title=On the Road to a Free Press in Albania: Evaluating Outside Aid Efforts|url=http://www.grady.uga.edu/coxcenter/Conference_Papers/Public_TCs/Free_Press_Albania.pdf|work=The University of Georgia|accessdate=23 January 2014|author=Van Kornegay|year=1995}}
8. ^{{cite web|title=Albania|url=http://www.pressreference.com/A-Be/Albania.html|publisher=Press Reference|accessdate=13 September 2014}}
9. ^Bledi Kasmi
10. ^Rilindja Demokratike, Basir Collaku
11. ^Rilindja Demokratike, Hamit Taka
12. ^Rilindja Demokratike, Vincent Triest
13. ^¹{{cite web|url = http://www.rilindjademokratike.com/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=section&layout=blog&id=7&Itemid=115|title=Editorials|last=|first=|date=|publisher=Gazeta Rilindja Demokratike}}
14. ^Hyqmet Zane
15. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶{{cite web|url= http://www.tribuna-news.com/mat.php?idm=3373|title=5 janar 1991, Rilindja Demokratike e shtypit të lirë|date=11 January 2011|work=Gazeta Tribuna}}
16. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.gazetatema.net/web/2011/01/07/numri-i-pare-i-gazetes-rd-premtimet-ndaj-shqiptareve-dhe-pershendetja-e-agollit/|title=Numri i parë i gazetës RD, premtimet ndaj shqiptarëve dhe përshëndetja e Agollit|work=Gazeta Tema|date=17 January 2008|accessdate=9 November 2013}}
17. ^{{cite journal|doi=10.1080/03064229708536248 | volume=26 | title=Index: Special Issue: Banned Poetry | year=1997 | journal=Index on Censorship | pages=164–191}}
18. ^¹{{cite book|title=Albania: The Cost of Speech: Violations of Media Freedom in Albania|publisher=Human Rights Watch|volume=14|date=June 2002|location=New York|pages=35–44|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=XevyJUGz7lMC&pg=PA40 }}
19. ^Veliaj padit për shpifje 4 gazeta proqeveritare Agjencia. 29 April 2010. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
20. ^{{cite news| url=http://ekspres.al/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=263%253Azbardhen-debatet-online-te-rames-ne-twitter-derr-bajge-e-ferrit-llaxore&Itemid=125|work=Ekspres.al|title=Debatet e Ramës në Twitter "..derr, bajgë e ferrit, llaxore"| date=1 December 2012|accessdate=17 October 2013}}
21. ^Gazeta Rilindja Demokratike, Rama ne Twitter: Derr, bajge, llaxore, page 2, Date: 02 December 2012
22. ^Kërcënohet me jetë gazetari Telnis Skuqi
23. ^Kokë dhie e prerë para banesës, kërcënohet gazetari Telnis Skuqi