| 词条 | Marawi |
| 释义 |
| name = {{PH wikidata|name}} | official_name = {{PH wikidata|official_name}} | etymology = | named_for = | native_name = | other_name = | nickname = | motto = | anthem = | image_skyline = | image_caption = Skyline of the city as viewed in November 2018 more than a year after the Battle of Marawi. | image_seal = Ph seal lanao del sur marawi city.png | seal_size = 100x80px | image_map = {{PH wikidata|image_map}} | map_caption = {{PH wikidata|map_caption}} | image_map1 = {{Infobox mapframe|id={{#invoke:Wikibase|id}}}} | pushpin_map = Philippines | pushpin_label_position = left | pushpin_map_caption = Location within the {{PH wikidata|country}} | coordinates = {{PH wikidata|coordinates}} | settlement_type = Component {{PH wikidata|settlement_type}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Philippines}} | subdivision_type1 = Region | subdivision_name1 = {{PH wikidata|region}} | subdivision_type2 = Province | subdivision_name2 = {{PH wikidata|province}} | subdivision_type3 = District | subdivision_name3 = 1st District | established_title = Settled | established_date = 1639 | established_title1 = Chartered | established_date1 = May 24, 1907 | established_title2 = Cityhood | established_date2 = 1940 | established_title3 = Islamic City | established_date3 = June 16, 1956 | parts_type = Barangays | parts_style = para | p1 = 96 | leader_title = {{PH wikidata|leader_title}} | leader_name = Majul Usman Gandamra | leader_title1 = Vice Mayor | leader_name1 = Arafat Salic | leader_title2 = Congressman | leader_name2 = | leader_title3 = SP Board member | leader_name3 = | leader_title4 = Electorate | leader_name4 = {{PH wikidata|electorate}} voters (electorate_point_in_time}}|{{PH wikidata|electorate_point_in_time}}) | government_type = {{PH wikidata|government_type}} | government_footnotes = {{thinsp}}[1] | elevation_footnotes = [2] | elevation_m = 700 | elevation_max_footnotes = | elevation_max_m = | area_rank = | area_footnotes = {{PSGC detail|area}} | area_total_km2 = {{PH wikidata|area}} | population_footnotes = {{PH census|current}} | population_total = {{PH wikidata|population_total}} | population_as_of = {{PH wikidata|population_as_of}} | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_rank = | population_note = | timezone = PST | utc_offset = +8 | postal_code_type = ZIP code | postal_code = {{PH wikidata|postal_code}} | postal2_code_type = {{PSGCstyle}} | postal2_code = {{PSGC detail}} | area_code_type = {{areacodestyle}} | area_code = {{PH wikidata|area_code}} | website = {{PH wikidata|website}} | blank_name_sec1 = {{PH wikidata|climate_title}} | blank_info_sec1 = {{PH wikidata|climate_type}} | blank1_name_sec1 = {{PH wikidata|income_class_title}} | blank1_info_sec1 = {{PH wikidata|income_class}} | blank2_name_sec1 = Revenue (₱) | blank2_info_sec1 = {{PH wikidata|revenue}} {{PH wikidata|revenue_point_in_time}} | blank3_name_sec1 = Poverty incidence | blank3_info_sec1 = | blank4_name_sec1 = Inflation rate | blank4_info_sec1 = | blank5_name_sec1 = Minimum wage rate (₱) | blank5_info_sec1 = | blank6_name_sec1 = Sister localities | blank6_info_sec1 = | blank7_name_sec1 = | blank7_info_sec1 = | blank_name_sec2 = Native languages | blank_info_sec2 = Maranao, Iranun | blank1_name_sec2 = Major religions | blank1_info_sec2 = | blank2_name_sec2 = Feast date | blank2_info_sec2 = | blank3_name_sec2 = Catholic diocese | blank3_info_sec2 = | blank4_name_sec2 = Patron saint | blank4_info_sec2 = | blank5_name_sec2 = | blank5_info_sec2 = | blank6_name_sec2 = | blank6_info_sec2 = | blank7_name_sec2 = | blank7_info_sec2 = | footnotes = }} Marawi (Maranao: Inged a Marawi; Arabic: مدينة مراوي) is a Component City and the capital city of Lanao Del Sur[3]. Based on the 2015 census, it had a population of 201,785. The people of Marawi are called the Maranaos and speak the Maranao language. They are named after Lake Lanao, called Meranau in their language, upon whose shores Marawi lies. The city is also called the "Summer Capital of the South" because of its higher elevation and cooler climate,[4] a nickname it shares with Malaybalay, which legally holds the title. On May 23, 2017, this city has suffered extensive damage during the Battle of Marawi as militants affiliated by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant invaded the city and engaged in a massive urban gunfight. The ensuing battle lasted until October 23, 2017 when Secretary Delfin Lorenzana announced the ending of the battle. Major damage of the city was mostly caused by airstrikes carried out by the Philippine Air Force in an attempt to eliminate the militants. HistoryMunicipality of DansalanMarawi was founded as Dansalan in October 1639 by the Spaniards led by conquistador Francisco Atienza who came from Iligan and were attempting to conquer the entire Lake Lanao area. However, it was abandoned later the same year when thousands of Maranao warriors invested the then-fortifying settlement, pressing the Spaniards hard and thus they returned to Iligan, having failed in their quest.[5] The Spaniards only returned to the area when they began the conquest of the Sultanate of Maguindanao in the late 19th century, only to be abandoned once again when the Americans came there in 1900. It served as the capital of the undivided Lanao province from 1907 to 1940. Dansalan in Meranaw is a place where ships berth – a port of entry. A Tribal leader of Marawi before Spanish colonization was "Datu Buadi Sa Kayo". He collected taxes in his era. Granting of charter (1940) and change of name to Marawi (1956)According to the late well-known Meranaw scholar Dr. Mamitua Saber, Marawi got its charter in 1940. The granting of a charter to the old Dansalan municipality was jointly conceived by the Philippine Commonwealth President Manuel L. Quezon and Assemblyman, later Senator, Tomas L. Cabili. The changing of the official name from Dansalan to Marawi was through Congressional amendment of the Charter in 1956 sponsored by Sen. {{ill|Domocao Alonto|nl}}. This is embodied by Republic Act No. 1552 dated June 16, 1956. The renaming of the city as "Islamic City of Marawi" was proposed by Parliamentary Bill No. 261 in the defunct Batasang Pambansa, the former parliament of the Philippines during the Marcos regime, reportedly to attract funds from the Middle East.[4] 2017 Battle of Marawi{{Main|Battle of Marawi}}On May 23, 2017, a pro–Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant group called the Maute group attacked the city. The battle of Marawi—also known as the Marawi siege, the Marawi clash, and the Marawi crisis—started on May 23. CNN Philippines reported that the militants had over 500 men.[6] Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte declared martial law on the island of Mindanao, where the fighting was taking place(and currently, the martial law was still in effect, initially until December 31, 2018, but was extended anew until the end of 2019)[7]. The city was liberated from militant control on October 17 and battle operations officially ended on October 23. Post-battle period{{see also|Rehabilitation of Marawi}}In January 30, 2018, it was announced that a 10-hectare military base will be established in the city to prevent the reentry of terrorists.[8] GeographyMarawi has a total land area of {{convert|8755|ha}}.{{PSGC detail|area}} It is located on the northernmost shores of Lake Lanao and straddles the area where the Agus River starts. It is bounded to the north by the municipalities of Kapai and Saguiaran; to the south by Lake Lanao; to the east by the municipalities of Bubong and Ditsaan-Ramain; and to the west by the municipalities of Marantao and Saguiaran.[4] The Bagang beach is situated {{convert|2|km|mi|sp=us}} from the city's commercial center. The Islamic city also hosts a national park, the Sacred Mountain National Park, which spans the barangays of Guimba and Papandayan covering an area of {{convert|94|ha|adj=on}}. The protected area was established on August 5, 1965, by Republic Act no. 4190.[9] The park is dominated by Mount Mupo, a {{convert|900|ft|adj=on}} tall[10] extinct volcanic cone. The park is ideal for birdwatching and mountain climbing to the summit that features a small pond.[11] TopographyMountains, rolling hills, valleys, and a large placid lake dominate the city's landscape. Angoyao Hills (Brgy. Sogod) served as natural viewpoint over the water of the Lake Lanao. Signal Hill (Brgy. Matampay), Arumpac Hill (Brgy. Saduc), and Mt. Mupo (Brgy. Guimba) are considered beautiful but mysterious. Mt. Mupo, located within the Sacred Mountain National Park, is known for its untouched trees and beautiful, perfect cone.{{Citation needed|date=May 2017}} BarangaysMarawi is politically subdivided into 96 barangays.[12] {{div col|colwidth=16em}}
ClimateMarawi's weather is warm and wet throughout the year. With the elevation along Lake Lanao at around {{convert|2300|ft}},[2] this raised altitude together frequent heavy showers at all seasons, ensures that hot conditions are seldom observed. {{Weather box| location = Marawi City | width = auto | metric first = Yes | single line = Yes | Jan high C = 24 | Jan low C = 20 | Feb high C = 24 | Feb low C = 20 | Mar high C = 25 | Mar low C = 20 | Apr high C = 26 | Apr low C = 20 | May high C = 26 | May low C = 21 | Jun high C = 25 | Jun low C = 21 | Jul high C = 25 | Jul low C = 20 | Aug high C = 25 | Aug low C = 20 | Sep high C = 25 | Sep low C = 20 | Oct high C = 25 | Oct low C = 20 | Nov high C = 25 | Nov low C = 20 | Dec high C = 25 | Dec low C = 20 | Jan precipitation mm = 159 | Feb precipitation mm = 143 | Mar precipitation mm = 166 | Apr precipitation mm = 183 | May precipitation mm = 357 | Jun precipitation mm = 414 | Jul precipitation mm = 333 | Aug precipitation mm = 309 | Sep precipitation mm = 289 | Oct precipitation mm = 285 | Nov precipitation mm = 253 | Dec precipitation mm = 166 | Jan rain days = 18.4 | Feb rain days = 17.2 | Mar rain days = 20.6 | Apr rain days = 23.4 | May rain days = 29.3 | Jun rain days = 29.2 | Jul rain days = 29.9 | Aug rain days = 29.4 | Sep rain days = 27.7 | Oct rain days = 28.7 | Nov rain days = 25.5 | Dec rain days = 19.9 | source 1 = Meteoblue [13] | date = 19 January 2019 }} Demographics{{Philippine Census| cols = 2 | align= none | title= Population census of Marawi | 1903 = | 1918 = 6005 | 1939 = 11319 | 1948 = 19657 | 1960 = 27049 | 1970 = 55708 | 1975 = 63332 | 1980 = 53812 | 1990 = 91901 | 1995 = 114389 | 2000 = 131090 | 2007 = 177391 | 2010 = 187106 | 2015 = 201785 | 2020 = | 2025 = | 2030 = | footnote= Source: Philippine Statistics Authority{{PH census|2015}}{{PH census|2010}}{{PH census|2007}}{{LWUA population data}} }} LanguageMaranao or Meranaw is widely spoken in Marawi; however, local inhabitants can also speak Cebuano, Maguindanao, Iranun, English, and Arabic. ReligionMarawi City is predominantly a Muslim city—Muslims account for 99.6% of the population.[4] Sharia criminal law exists but without stoning, amputations, flagellations, or other punishments typically associated with Sharia as they are against the law of the Philippines. The distribution of alcoholic products and gambling is forbidden and women must cover their heads, though non-Muslims are exempted from this rule. Other than sharia law in personal matters, these laws are not applicable elsewhere in Lanao del Sur. EconomyThe economy of Marawi is largely based on agriculture, trading, and exporting. Most industries in the city are agriculture-oriented. They include rice and corn farming, hollow blocks manufacturing, goldsmithing, and saw milling. Small and cottage-size enterprises are engaged in garment making, mat and malong weaving, wood carving, brassware making, web development, and blacksmithing.[4] Apart from that, Marawi is home to NPC - Agus 1 Hydro Electric Power Plant and the first of the six cascading Agus Hydro Power Plants. A new wind and solar energy plant and a new diesel-generated power plant are set to be developed in Saguiaran, Lanao del Sur, by two private firms to provide electricity to Marawi and adjoining areas.[14][15] The project will cost PHP 2 billion and will generate 10 to 30 megawatts of electricity.[14] ArchitectureThe feeling of the unique natural setting of the Maranaos in Marawi is manifested by the presence of many large Torogans, an antique royal high-roofed houses with carvings designed by the Meranau, and the Sambitory Old Building in Barrio Naga in front of Tuaka Laput, Marawi. Local government
}}
EducationMarawi is home to the main campus of Mindanao State University, the biggest state university in Mindanao and next to University of the Philippines. Other institutions and colleges are well established in the city and are as follows: {{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
}} Other notable secondary schools are: {{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
}} TESDA is also stationed in Marawi which caters to technical training of students for the province. Within the Mindanao State University is the Aga Khan Museum of Islamic Arts which is named in honor of Sultan Aga Khan who contributed to the realization of the museum. Historical development of the country is bank on the large space upon the conservation of cultural materials. It has huge, collection of indigenous art, displayed ethnic music tape recorded, the native folk dances from different regions of Mindanao, Sulu and Palawan, the native tools and weapons used by the Muslims and different artistic designs of houses are the main attractions of museum. Indigenous art and cultural material are being displayed. Sister Cities
See also
References1. ^{{DILG detail}} 2. ^1 [https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Marawi+city,+Philippines&hl=en&ll=8.006282,124.299917&spn=0.050911,0.093813&sll=37.0625,-95.677068&sspn=41.546728,96.064453&hnear=Marawi+City,+Lanao+del+Sur,+Autonomous+Region+in+Muslim+Mindanao,+Philippines&t=p&z=14 "Marawi City terrain"]. Google Maps. Retrieved on 2012-01-27. 3. ^{{cite web|title=Marawi City is a Component City|url=https://www.philatlas.com/mindanao/armm/lanao-del-sur/marawi.html|publisher=Philippine Information Agency, Government of the Republic of the Philippines|accessdate=15 February 2019 |archiveurl=https://www.philatlas.com/mindanao/armm/lanao-del-sur/marawi.html |archivedate=15 February 2019}} {{PD-notice}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 Administrator (2010-06-04). "Islamic City of Marawi". Government of the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao Website. Retrieved on 2012-01-27. 5. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.iligan.gov.ph/about-iligan/history/during-spanish-times/ |title=During Spanish times |website=City of Iligan website |language=en-gb |access-date=2018-06-09}} 6. ^{{Cite news |url=http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/05/23/marawi-city-clash.html |title=Gov't forces, Maute group clash in Marawi City |work=CNN Philippines|access-date=2017-05-24 |language=en}} 7. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.rappler.com//nation/218733-congress-extension-martial-law-mindanao-december-2019|title=Congress extends martial law in Mindanao to end of 2019|last=Cepeda|first=Mara|website=Rappler|language=en|access-date=2019-03-31}} 8. ^{{Cite news |url=http://news.abs-cbn.com/news/01/30/18/govt-to-build-p400-million-military-camp-in-marawi |title=Gov't to build P400-million military camp in Marawi |last= Yecyec |first=Joey Taguba |work=ABS-CBN News |access-date=2018-06-09}} 9. ^"Protected Areas in Region 12" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321103745/http://www.pawb.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=72:region-12&catid=69:regions |date=2012-03-21 }}. Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau. Retrieved on 2012-01-27. 10. ^[https://maps.google.com/maps?ll=8.02158,124.300604&spn=0.025455,0.031285&t=p&z=15&lci=com.panoramio.all,com.google.webcams "Sacred Mountain National Park"]. Google Maps. Retrieved on 2012-01-27. 11. ^[https://archive.is/20120726132314/http://biyahero.net/index.php?option=com_sobi2&sobi2Task=sobi2Details&catid=77&sobi2Id=317&Itemid=56 "Marawi, Islamic City of"]. Biyahero, Philippine Travel Portal. Retrieved on 2012-01-27. 12. ^"Marawi City (Capital)". PSGC Interactive - NSCB. Retrieved on 2012-01-27. 13. ^{{cite web | url = https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/forecast/modelclimate/marawi-city_philippines_1701053| title = Marawi City : Average Temperatures and Rainfall| publisher = Meteoblue| accessdate = 19 January 2019 }} 14. ^1 {{Cite news|url=https://news.mb.com.ph/2018/10/20/p2-b-power-plant-to-rise-in-lanao-sur/|title=P2-B power plant to rise in Lanao Sur|last=|first=|date=October 20, 2018|work=Manila Bulletin|access-date=2018-10-24|language=en-US}} 15. ^{{Cite web|url=https://tnt.abante.com.ph/marawi-tatayuan-ng-mga-wind-solar-powered-energy-plant/|title=Marawi tatayuan ng mga wind, solar-powered energy plant|last=|first=|date=2018-10-20|website=Abante|language=en-US|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-10-24}} External links{{Wikivoyage}}{{Commons category}}
| Centre = Marawi | Northeast = Kapai | Southeast = Ditsaan-Ramain | South = Lake Lanao | Southwest = Marantao | Northwest = Saguiaran }}{{Navboxes | title = Articles Related to Marawi | list ={{Lanao del Sur}}{{Marawi}}{{Bangsamoro}}{{Philippine cities}}{{Philippine Provincial Capitals}}{{Largest cities and municipalities in Mindanao}}{{Most populous cities in Philippines}} }} 9 : Marawi|Cities in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao|1907 establishments in the Philippines|Mountain resorts in the Philippines|Populated places established in 1907|Populated places in Lanao del Sur|Populated places on Lake Lanao|Provincial capitals of the Philippines|University towns in the Philippines |
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