“RMS Atrato (1853)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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RMS Atrato (1853)

释义

Demerara and Amazon
Atrato with RMSP
After RMSP
References
Sources

{{About|the RMSP's 1853 paddle steamer Atrato|the RMSP's later screw steamer|RMS Atrato (1888)}}{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}{{Use British English|date=February 2018}}{{Infobox ship image

Ship image = S.S. Atrato.jpg

Ship caption = "SS Atrato of the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company",
painted by William Frederick Mitchell
}}{{Infobox ship career

Hide header =

Ship country = United Kingdom

UK|civil}}

Ship name =*Atrato (1853–80)

Rochester (1880–84)

Ship namesake =*Atrato River in Colombia (1853–80)

Rochester, Kent (1880–84)

Ship renamed =

Ship owner =* RMSP Co (1853–70)

John Morrison & Co (1872–79)
Henry T Horn (1879–80)
Adamson & Ronaldson (1880–84)

Ship operator = Aberdeen Line (1872–)

Ship registry =

Ship route = Southampton – Caribbean (1853–70)

Ship ordered =

Ship builder = Caird & Company, Greenock

Ship original cost =

Ship yard number = 26

Ship laid down =

Ship launched = 26 April 1853

Ship completed =

Ship christened =

Ship acquired =

Ship maiden voyage =

Ship in service =

Ship out of service =

Ship identification = UK official number 13926

Ship fate = sank 1884

Ship status =

Ship notes =
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics

Hide header =

Header caption =

Ship class =

Ship type = iron-hulled steamship

3467}}, {{NRT|2260}}

1872: {{GRT|3184}} {{NRT|2051}}

Ship displacement =

350|ft}}

1872: {{convert|335.9|ft}}

42|ft}},

{{convert|72|ft}} over paddles
1872: {{convert|42.4|ft}}

Ship height =

Ship draught =

Ship depth =

Ship decks =

Ship deck clearance =

Ship sail plan = 3-masted barquentine

Ship power =*1853: 800 ihp

1872: 350 horsepower

Ship propulsion =*1853–70: 2-cylinder side-lever steam engine, side paddles

1870–84: 2-cylinder compound steam engine, single screw

10|kn|km/h}}

Ship capacity =

Ship crew =

Ship notes =
}}

RMS Atrato was a UK iron-hulled steamship. She was built in 1853 for the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company as a side-wheel paddle steamer, and when completed was the World's largest passenger ship. She was a Royal Mail Ship until 1870.^[1]

In 1870 RMSP traded her in and in 1872 she was converted to a single screw ship with a compound steam engine. From 1872 Aberdeen Line chartered her to run to Victoria and New Zealand. In 1880 she was renamed Rochester. She sank in 1884.

Demerara and Amazon

Until 1850 RMSP secured its first contract to carry mail between the UK, Brazil and the River Plate. It ordered five large new wooden-hulled sister ships to take over scheduled services on its premier route between Southampton and the Caribbean, thus releasing older RMSP ships to start its new service to Rio de Janeiro, Montevideo and Buenos Aires.

One of the new ships, the {{NRT|2318}} Demerara, was built in Bristol by William Patterson Shipbuilders, but her engines were built by Caird & Company of Greenock. After her launch in November 1851 a steam tug started to tow from Bristol to Greenock for her engines to be installed. But the tug master lacked experience of the winding Avon and lost control of Demerara, which became wedged against both banks. When the tide went out the ship was left bridging the river, and suffered structural distortion from the 1,200 tons of ballast in her engine room.{{sfn|Nicol|2001|p=43}}

RMSP rejected the damaged ship, which was effectively a "constructive total loss" – a concept then unknown in marine insurance.{{sfn|Nicol|2001|p=44}} RMSP was then left with one ship missing from the quintet it needed for its new service, and an engine in Greenock with no ship into which to put it.

Until 1851 the Admiralty had insisted that ships for mail contracts had to have a wooden hull. However, two months after Demerara{{'}}s accident {{RMS|Amazon|1851|6}}, another member of the new quintet, caught fire and sank in the Bay of Biscay on her maiden voyage. More than 100 passengers and crew were killed and the Admiralty agreed to allow iron-hulled ships to be used for mail services.

Atrato with RMSP

RMSP duly ordered an iron-hulled ship from Caird & Company to use Demerara{{'}}s engines and fill one of the gaps in the new fleet. In design she was an improved, enlarged, iron-hulled version of Demerara. The engine was a two-cylinder side-lever steam engine that developed 800 ihp and drove a pair of side paddles, giving her a speed of {{convert|10|kn|km/h}}. For some reason Caird did not use Demerara{{'}}s boilers for Atrato but supplied new ones.{{sfn|Nicol|2001|p=44}}

Atrato was completed in 1853 and entered service between Southampton and the Caribbean. In April 1856 she and two other RMSP ships, La Plata and Tay, attended the Spithead Review to celebrate the end of the Crimean War.{{sfn|Nicol|2001|p=54}}

By 1869 Atrato was outdated for RMSP's use. John Elder and Company of Govan built a new ship, Elbe for the company and in 1870 accepted Atrato in part-payment.{{sfn|Nicol|2001|pp=67, 81}}

After RMSP

Later in 1870 John Morrison and Company of London bought Atrato. In 1872 Aberdeen Line chartered her to run between Britain and Port Phillip, Victoria via Cape Town.^[1] James Watt and Company of London re-engined her as a single-screw vessel with a two-cylinder compound engine^[1] fed by three double-ended boilers.^[2] Her first such voyage to Port Phillip was in September 1872. In 1874 she sailed to New Zealand, leaving London on 5 April, calling at Port Chalmers on 8 June and reaching Lyttelton Harbour on 20 June.^[2]

In 1879 Henry T Horn of Sidcup, Kent bought Atrato. In 1880 Adamson and Ronaldson of Rochester, Kent bought her and renamed her Rochester. In 1884 she sank,^[1] but neither the date nor her final position is known.

References

1. ^¹²³{{cite web |url= http://www.clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=15151 |last1=Cameron |first1=Stuart |last2=Buxton |first2=Ian |last3=Biddulph |first3=Bruce |last4=Allan |first4=Bruce |last5=Asprey |first5=David |title=ps Atrato |work=Clydebuilt Ships Database |accessdate=22 January 2015}}
2. ^¹{{cite web |url= http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~nzbound/atrato.htm |last=Whitehouse |first=Olwyn |title='s.s. Atrato' 1874 |work=New Zealand Bound |publisher=RootsWeb |accessdate=23 April 2013}}

Sources

{{cite book |last=Nicol |first=Stuart |year=2001 |title=MacQueen's Legacy; Ships of the Royal Mail Line |volume=Two |place=Brimscombe Port and Charleston, SC |publisher=Tempus Publishing |isbn=0-7524-2119-0 |pages= |ref=harv}}

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