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词条 Robbins Island (Tasmania)
释义

  1. History

  2. Topography and fauna

  3. Current developments

  4. See also

  5. References

{{Other places3|Robbins Island (disambiguation){{!}}Robbins Island}}{{Use Australian English|date=July 2015}}{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}{{Infobox islands
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| map_caption = Location of Robbins Island in the Bass Strait
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| location = Bass Strait
| etymology = Charles Robbins[1]
| coordinates = {{Coord|40|41|24|S|144|54|36|E|type:isle|display=inline,title}}
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| rank = 7th in Tasmania[2]
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| country = Australia
| country_admin_divisions_title = State
| country_admin_divisions = Tasmania
| country_admin_divisions_title_1 = LGA
| country_admin_divisions_1 = Circular Head Council
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| additional_info = Privately-owned
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The Robbins Island is a {{convert|9900|ha|adj=on}} island located in Bass Strait, lying off the northwest coast of Tasmania, Australia.[1] The island, separated from the Tasmanian mainland by a highly tidal area known as Robbins Passage,[2] lies south to the adjacent Walker Island.[3]

Robbins Islands is the seventh largest island of Tasmania[4] and is the largest freehold island in Tasmania.[5] Over the years Robbins Island has changed ownership and to this day remains privately owned.[6]

History

The island was part of the territory of the indigenous North West tribe spanning from Table Cape to the western side of Macquarie Harbour,[7] where in particular, the Parperloihener band resided on Robbins Island prior to European colonisation.[8] On 23 November 1802,[9] Charles Robbins, first mate of {{HMS|Buffalo|1797|2}} was sent in {{HMS|Cumberland|1803|2}}, by Governor King to dissuade the French commodore Nicholas Baudin, with his two ships Géographe and Naturaliste from colonising Van Diemen's Land.

Baudin had revealed French plans to colonise Van Diemen's Land when drunk in a farewell party organised by the Governor, after sailing into Port Jackson where his crew were treated back to health from scurvy. Governor King would not accept French occupation of Van Diemen's Land and chartered the schooner {{HMS|Cumberland|1803|2}} to which in 13 December 1802,[9] Robbins used successfully, persuading Baudin to abandon French settlement on Van Diemen's Land. The schooner was chartered as larger ships were away and used for other maritime activities.[10] From there along with Charles Grimes, Robbins sailed to Port Phillip, and actively explored the Yarra River in 1803 before returning to Port Jackson.[11] It was during a subsequent trip to retrieve two Spanish ships which had been captured by a NSW trader's privateering expedition and hidden off the coast of Deal Island that in 1804 Robbins discovered Robbins island, which is named after him.[12][13]

In 1826, following the English occupation of Tasmania, the Van Diemen's Land Company was set up at Stanley. This company was formed in England by London-based businessmen, who wanted to utilise land in Tasmania to create a wool industry to supply the British textile industry, which intention was facilitated by William Sorell's account to the Colonial Office that the Tasmanian colony was desperate for capital.[14][15] The Van Diemen's Land Company Act was passed transferring possession of {{convert|250000|acre|ha|abbr=on}} of Crown land to freehold status or private ownership and included Robbins Island.[16] A series of disputes during the period of 1820 to 1840, between European settlers and the North West tribe, in which Van Diemen's Land Company chief agent Edward Curr authorised the use of force if 'required', escalated into battles which became violent and bloody, notably including the infamous Cape Grim massacre.[17][18] This culminated in the attempted genocide of what is now known as the Black War.[19] In 1835 under George Robinson, almost all Indigenous people from the Tasmanian mainland, including the Parperloihener band from Robbins Island, were removed and transported to a reserve on Flinders Island.[6][19]

Topography and fauna

The island has a number of topographical features which include:

  • Cape Elie[20][21] the most easterly point of the island.[21]
  • Guyton Point,[22] located on northeastern area of the island.[23]
  • Mosquito Inlet is an estuary northwest of the island, having an area of {{convert|674|ha|acre}},[24] where four bird species, the eastern curlew, masked lapwing, pied oystercatcher and sooty oystercatcher roost.[25]
  • Five Islets, located northwest of the island, where the fairy tern and pied oystercatcher permanently nest, along with migratory birds great knot, red knot, bar-tailed godwit, grey plover, lesser sand plover, common greenshank, red-necked stint, Terek sandpiper and ruddy turnstone can be found.[25]
  • Bird Point,[25] also located northwest of Robbins Island where a number of birds species permanently roost in the area. They include: fairy terns, little terns, Caspian terns, crested terns, pied oystercatchers and sooty oystercatchers. Many species of migratory birds come to nest here and include grey-tailed tattlers, great knots, lesser sand plovers, masked lapwings, Pacific golden plovers, red knots, red-capped plovers, red-necked stints, ruddy turnstones, sanderlings, waders, double-banded plovers, curlew sandpipers, common greenshanks, bar-tailed godwit and hooded plovers.[25]

Current developments

The island was used by livestock to graze on, primarily for wool production[14] before the 1850s.[26]

William B. Reid leased the island for 43 years commencing in 1873,[27][28] where native animals on the land were used as wild game,[29] farming[30] and dairy products were made.[31] Bill and Norah Holyman then bought the island in 1916 using it for sheep husbandry,[32][33] selling off the island in 1958.[34] In 1961, H E Hammond was the owner of the island,[35] where it remains in family ownership today.[36] His descendants, Keith and John Hammond currently produce on Robbins Island wagyū beef, which is exported to Japan.[5][37][38] Commercial aquaculture industry from Circular Head presently harvest rock lobster and abalone in waters around the island.[39] A wind farm has been proposed to be built on the island and was expected to be fully operational by 2014;[40] yet by 2016 the wind farm had not been constructed.[41][42]

See also

{{stack|{{portal|Tasmania|Islands}}}}
  • List of islands of Tasmania

References

1. ^{{Gazetteer of Australia |name=Robbins Island (TAS) |feature=TAS05359 }}
2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.dpiw.tas.gov.au/inter.nsf/Attachments/HMUY-5XE3QX/$FILE/Review_Info_Pap_Mar04.pdf |title=Scalefish Fishery Management Plan Review Information Paper |date=March 2004 |work=Tasmanian Scalefish Fishery Management Plan |publisher=State Library of Tasmania |accessdate=9 January 2010}}
3. ^{{cite web |url=http://data.aad.gov.au/aadc/whales/sighting_details.cfm?obs_id=503 |title=False Killer Whale stranding, Walker's Island, Tasmania |date=January 2010 |work= National Whale and Dolphin Sightings and Strandings Database |publisher=Australian Government - Department of the Environment and Water Resources |accessdate=10 January 2010}}
4. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/0/D1C2967E40D51C1DCA2573C5000D9EC3?opendocument |title=1384.6 - Statistics - Tasmania, 2008 |date=3 January 2008 |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics |accessdate=10 January 2010}}
5. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.hospitalitymagazine.com.au/article/What-the-papers-said/234952.aspx |title=Steer way to heaven for Japan's top meat |date=27–28 August 2006 |work=What the papers said... |publisher=Sunday Tasmanian |accessdate=9 January 2010}}
6. ^1 {{cite book |title=The Aboriginal Tasmanians |last=Ryan |first=L |year=1996 |publisher=Allen & Unwin Academic - 2nd edition |isbn=1-86373-965-3 |pages=139, 283 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OLDMJhksIKkC&pg=PA283&lpg=PA283&dq=returned+to+indigenous+Robbins+island+tasmania+freehold&source=bl&ots=fUM3x4KpM5&sig=AGzdn8kQHwyH2twtpgP6WiEJDXQ&hl=en&ei=SbdIS7qvIZKekQXtieTvAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CAcQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=&f=false |accessdate=9 January 2010}}
7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.dpac.tas.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/56141/Circular_Head_Council_review_2006.pdf |title=Introduction - History |date=March 2006 |work=Local governmenet board - Reports into the findings of a general review - Circular Head Council |publisher=Department of Premier and Cabinet - Tasmania |accessdate=10 January 2010}}
8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.circularhead.tas.gov.au/webdata/resources/files/Section_18_-_History.pdf |title=18: History |date=January 2009 |work=Circular Head Profile |publisher=Circular Head Council |accessdate=9 January 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091015144915/https://www.circularhead.tas.gov.au/webdata/resources/files/Section_18_-_History.pdf |archivedate=15 October 2009 |df=dmy-all }}
9. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.nla.gov.au/exhibitions/upsidedown/timeline/1802.html |title=1802 |author=Coroneos, J., Hadlow, J., Rice, A. & Robertson, J. |work=The World Upside Down - Australia 1788-1830 |publisher=National Library of Australia |accessdate=9 January 2010}}
10. ^{{cite web |url=http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2679/1/M19_96.pdf |title=The Hobart Circuit, Tasmania - The Founding of Hobart |date=n.d. |publisher=The Spectator/University of Tasmania |accessdate=9 January 2010}}
11. ^{{cite web |url=http://acms.sl.nsw.gov.au/item/itemDetailPaged.aspx?itemID=447135 |title=Manuscript, Oral history & pictures - Record Details |author=State Library of New South Wales |year=2007 |work=Collection Record Details |publisher=State Library of New South Wales |accessdate=9 January 2010}}
12. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://colsec.records.nsw.gov.au/indexes/colsec/r/F48c_ri-roc-10.htm |title=ROBBINS, Charles (Lieutenant). Master, "Integrity" |date=November 2002 |work=Colonial Secretary Index, 1788-1825 - Roads (1817) to Roberts, H |publisher=State Records NSW - Department of Services, Technology & Administration |accessdate=9 January 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090926014351/http://colsec.records.nsw.gov.au/indexes/colsec/r/F48c_ri-roc-10.htm |archivedate=26 September 2009 |df=dmy-all }}
13. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.dalmura.com.au/genealogy/Robbins/convict1.htm |title=The Famous one |date=January 2003 |author=Olijnyk, E., Robbins, T. & Robins, A. |work=Australia's first Robbins' - both Famous and Infamous |publisher=Robbins Genealogy |accessdate=9 January 2010}}
14. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://search.archives.tas.gov.au/default.aspx?detail=1&type=A&id=NG00013 |title=Agency Details - Van Diemen's Land Company |date=January 2006 |work=Tasmanian Archives Online database |publisher=Archives Office of Tasmania |accessdate=10 January 2010}}
15. ^{{cite web |url=http://adbonline.anu.edu.au/biogs/A010258b.htm |title=Curr, Edward (1798 - 1850) |year=2006 |work=Australian dictionary of biography - Online edition |publisher=Australian National University |accessdate=10 January 2010}}
16. ^{{cite book |title=Sketch of the history of Van Diemen's Land: illustrated by a map of the island, and an account of the Van Diemen's Land Company |last=Bischoff |first=J. |year=1832 |publisher=John Richardson, Royal Exchange |location=United Kingdom |page=105 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R9sNAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA106&lpg=PA106&dq=250,000+acres+square+van+diemen's+land+company&source=bl&ots=4D4NlHM41x&sig=hXDWySgqpyJvhhORHaQwGAtQxRA&hl=en&ei=LV5JS4LzFsyHkQWMsuCDAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CAoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=&f=false |accessdate=10 January 2010}}
17. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=2652 |title=History |date=16 July 2008 |work=Highfield |publisher=Parks & Wildlife Service - Tasmanian Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment. |accessdate=10 January 2010}}
18. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/AboriginalLB/1995/10.html |title=Briefs: Native Title – A New Legal Shield |last1=Mansell |first1=M. |year=1995 |work=Aboriginal Law Bulletin |publisher=Australasian Legal Information Institute/University of New South Wales/University of Technology, Sydney |accessdate=10 January 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080310045915/http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/AboriginalLB/1995/10.html |archivedate=10 March 2008 |df=dmy-all }}
19. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.hreoc.gov.au/education/bth/download/laws/bth_lawshist_TAS_13r.pdf |title=The 'Black War' |date=December 2007 |work=The History: Tasmania - resource sheet |publisher=Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission |accessdate=9 January 2010}}
20. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.dpiw.tas.gov.au/inter.nsf/Attachments/KMEE-63H5Y8/$FILE/Appendix%2010_Far%20North%20West.pdf |title=Appendix 10: Environmental Monitoring in the Far North West Marine Farming Development Plan Area 1997–2002|year=2004 |work=Tasmanian Marine Farming Environmental Monitoring Report: Benthic Monitoring (1997–2002) |publisher=Marine Environment Section - Marine Farming Branch = Marine Resources Group - Department of Primary Industries, Water and Environment |accessdate=9 January 2010}}
21. ^1 {{Gazetteer of Australia|name=Cape Elie, Tasmania (Points, Capes & Peninsulas)|id=212929}} Retrieved 10 January 2010.
22. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.mrt.tas.gov.au/mrtdoc/dominfo/download/UR1997_07/UR1997_07.pdf |title=Zeolites in Tasmania |author1=Bottrill, R.S. |author2=Everard, J.L. |lastauthoramp=yes |date=April 1997 |work=Tasmanian Geological Survey |publisher=Mineral Resources Tasmania |accessdate=9 January 2010}}
23. ^Everard, J.L., Calver, C.R., Pemberton, J., Taheri, J., Dixon, G. and Quility, P.G. "Geology of the islands of southwestern Bass Strait." Department Mineral Resources Tasmania. June 2000. Accessed 10 January 2010.
24. ^{{cite web |url=http://soer.justice.tas.gov.au/2009/table/548/index.php |title=Estuaries in Tasmania |date=18 December 2009 |work=State of the Environment 2009 |publisher=Tasmanian Planning Commission |accessdate=10 January 2010}}
25. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=http://www.dpiw.tas.gov.au/internnsf/Attachments/LBUN-6EY459/$FILE/finalreportwithcovers.pdf |title=Conservation assessment of beach nesting and migratory shorebirds in Tasmania |author=Bryant, S. |year=2002 |work=Natural Heritage Trust Project |publisher=Nature Conservation Branch - Department Primary Industries Water and Environment |accessdate=9 January 2010}}
26. ^{{cite web |url=http://eheritage.statelibrary.tas.gov.au/resources/detail.aspx?f=letter%3DP%26page%3D12&TITLE=Portrait+of+Mrs+Jane+Evans+wife+of+Edward&ID=CHH_00864 |title=Portrait of Mrs Jane Evans wife of Edward |date=n.d. |work=eHeritage |publisher=State Library of Tasmania |accessdate=9 January 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110321152525/http://eheritage.statelibrary.tas.gov.au/resources/detail.aspx?f=letter%3DP&page=12&TITLE=Portrait+of+Mrs+Jane+Evans+wife+of+Edward&ID=CHH_00864 |archivedate=21 March 2011 |df=dmy-all }}
27. ^{{cite web |url=http://eheritage.statelibrary.tas.gov.au/resources/detail.aspx?f=letter%3DK%26page%3D2&TITLE=Ketch+-+'Welcome'+built+on+Robbins+Island%2C+Tasmania&ID=CHH_00627 |title=Ketch - 'Welcome' built on Robbins Island, Tasmania |date=n.d. |work=eHeritage |publisher=State Library of Tasmania |accessdate=9 January 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110321015005/http://eheritage.statelibrary.tas.gov.au/resources/detail.aspx?f=letter%3dK%26page%3d2&TITLE=Ketch+-+'Welcome'+built+on+Robbins+Island%2c+Tasmania&ID=CHH_00627 |archivedate=21 March 2011 |df=dmy-all }}
28. ^{{cite web |url=http://eheritage.statelibrary.tas.gov.au/resources/detail.aspx?f=letter%3DW%26page%3D251&TITLE=William+Reid+mowing+oats+on+Robbins+Island.+Circa+1900&ID=CHH_00417 |title=William Reid mowing oats on Robbins Island. Circa 1900 |date=n.d. |work=eHeritage |publisher=State Library of Tasmania |accessdate=9 January 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706122909/http://eheritage.statelibrary.tas.gov.au/resources/detail.aspx?f=letter%3DW&page=251&TITLE=William+Reid+mowing+oats+on+Robbins+Island.+Circa+1900&ID=CHH_00417 |archivedate=6 July 2011 |df=dmy-all }}
29. ^{{cite web |url=http://eheritage.statelibrary.tas.gov.au/resources/detail.aspx?f=letter%3DW%26page%3D251&TITLE=William+Reid+skinning+a+wallaby+on+Robbins+Island&ID=CHH_00764 |title=William Reid skinning a wallaby on Robbins Island |date=n.d. |work=eHeritage |publisher=State Library of Tasmania |accessdate=9 January 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706122920/http://eheritage.statelibrary.tas.gov.au/resources/detail.aspx?f=letter%3DW&page=251&TITLE=William+Reid+skinning+a+wallaby+on+Robbins+Island&ID=CHH_00764 |archivedate=6 July 2011 |df=dmy-all }}
30. ^{{cite web |url=http://eheritage.statelibrary.tas.gov.au/resources/fullimage.aspx?f=letter%3DW%26page%3D251&TITLE=William+Reid+mowing+oats+on+Robbins+Island.+Circa+1900&ID=CHH_00417&ImageNum=1 |title=William Reid mowing oats on Robbins Island. Circa 1900 |date=n.d. |work=eHeritage |publisher=State Library of Tasmania |accessdate=9 January 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706122928/http://eheritage.statelibrary.tas.gov.au/resources/fullimage.aspx?f=letter%3DW&page=251&TITLE=William+Reid+mowing+oats+on+Robbins+Island.+Circa+1900&ID=CHH_00417&ImageNum=1 |archivedate=6 July 2011 |df=dmy-all }}
31. ^{{cite web |url=http://eheritage.statelibrary.tas.gov.au/resources/detail.aspx?f=letter%3dL%26page%3d6&TITLE=Loading+cheese+into+a+plane+on+Robbins+Island&ID=CHH_00765 |title=Loading cheese into a plane on Robbins Island |date=n.d. |work=eHeritage |publisher=State Library of Tasmania |accessdate=9 January 2010}}
32. ^{{cite web |url=http://eheritage.statelibrary.tas.gov.au/resources/detail.aspx?f=letter%3dB%26page%3d14&TITLE=Bullock+team+hauling+wool+bales+on+Robbins+Island&ID=CHH_00774 |title=Bullock team hauling wool bales on Robbins Island |date=n.d. |work=eHeritage |publisher=State Library of Tasmania |accessdate=9 January 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110319204727/http://eheritage.statelibrary.tas.gov.au/resources/detail.aspx?f=letter%3dB%26page%3d14&TITLE=Bullock+team+hauling+wool+bales+on+Robbins+Island&ID=CHH_00774 |archivedate=19 March 2011 |df=dmy-all }}
33. ^{{cite web |url=http://adbonline.anu.edu.au/biogs/A090707b.htm |title=Holyman, William (1858 - 1921) |year=2006 |work=Australian Dictionary of Biography - Online Edition |publisher=Australian National University |accessdate=9 January 2010}}
34. ^{{cite web |url=http://eheritage.statelibrary.tas.gov.au/resources/detail.aspx?f=letter%3dB%26page%3d6&TITLE=Bill+and+Norah+Holyman+of+Robbins+Island&ID=CHH_00832 |title=Bill and Norah Holyman of Robbins Island |date=n.d. |work=eHeritage |publisher=State Library of Tasmania |accessdate=9 January 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110319165255/http://eheritage.statelibrary.tas.gov.au/resources/detail.aspx?f=letter%3dB%26page%3d6&TITLE=Bill+and+Norah+Holyman+of+Robbins+Island&ID=CHH_00832 |archivedate=19 March 2011 |df=dmy-all }}
35. ^{{cite web |url=http://search.archives.tas.gov.au/default.aspx?detail=1&type=I&id=AA59/1/3835 |title=Item Details |date=17 January 2006 |work=Tasmanian Archives Online database |publisher=Archives Office of Tasmania |accessdate=10 January 2010}}
36. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.abc.net.au/rural/news/stories/s240559.htm |title=Tassie beef wins paddock to palate |date=1 February 2001 |work=ABC Rural News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |accessdate=9 January 2010}}
37. ^{{cite web |url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/20528097?selectedversion=NBD40838963 |title=Trove - Tetsuya's taste of Tasmania Gourmet Traveller |date=n.d. |publisher=National Library of Australia |accessdate=10 January 2010}}
38. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.hammondfarms.com.au |title=Hammond Farms |date=n.d. |publisher=Hammond Farms Wagyu Cattle |accessdate=10 January 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091030105536/http://www.hammondfarms.com.au/ |archivedate=30 October 2009 |df=dmy-all }}
39. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.circularhead.tas.gov.au/webdata/resources/files/Section_5_-_Economic_Activity.pdf |title=5: Economic Activity |date=January 2009 |work=Circular Head Profile |publisher=Circular Head Council |accessdate=10 January 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091015144532/https://www.circularhead.tas.gov.au/webdata/resources/files/Section_5_-_Economic_Activity.pdf |archivedate=15 October 2009 |df=dmy-all }}
40. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.gpoc.tas.gov.au/domino/otter.nsf/LookupFiles/096104_ESI_Performance_Report_2008-09.pdf/$file/096104_ESI_Performance_Report_2008-09.pdf |title=Tasmanian Energy Supply Industry Performance Report 2008-09 |date=December 2009 |publisher=Office of the Tasmanian Economic Regulator |accessdate=9 January 2010}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}
41. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.theadvocate.com.au/story/3773362/energy-crisis-fuels-push-for-wind-farm/ |title=Energy crisis fuels push for wind farm |work=The Advocate |date=7 March 2016 |accessdate=5 July 2016 |author=Cocard, Rachel }}
42. ^{{cite web|url= https://cleantechnica.com/2017/06/12/upc-renewables-announces-1000-mw-tasmanian-wind-farm/ |title=UPC Renewables Announces 1,000 Megawatt Tasmanian Wind Farm|work=CleanTechnica |accessdate=12 June 2017}}
{{Islands of Tasmania}}

5 : Localities of Circular Head Council, Tasmania|Islands of North West Tasmania|Bass Strait|Freehold islands of Tasmania|Private islands of Tasmania
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