| 词条 | Robert Despenser |
| 释义 |
|name = Robert Despenser |image = Chateau de Tancarville11.jpg |imagesize = |caption = The Château de Tancarville in Normandy. Despenser was a tenant of the lords of Tancarville. |office = Royal steward |term_start = c. 1088 |term_end = c. 1098 |predecessor = none |birth_date = unknown - before 1066 |birth_place = Normandy |death_date = c. 1098 |death_place = England }} Robert Despenser (sometimes Robert Despensator,[1] Robert Dispenser,[2] or Robert fitzThurstin;[3] died after 1098) was a Norman officeholder and landholder in post-Conquest medieval England. Despenser was the brother of Urse d'Abetot, who was sheriff of Worcestershire shortly after the Conquest.[1] Despenser and his brother were originally from Normandy, and were tenants of the lords of Tancarville there.[3] Despenser held the office of royal steward, or dispenser, under King William II.[1] Despenser's surname derived from his office.[7]{{#tag:ref|The office is the origin of the Spencer surname.[4]|group=note}} Although Despenser was married, the name of his wife is not known for sure. He may be the Robert de Abitot referred to in a confirmation charter of King Stephen of England's, but this identification is not certain.[1] In 1086, Despenser was listed in Domesday Book as holding lands as a tenant-in-chief in Gloucestershire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Oxfordshire, and Warwickshire, as well as holding lands in Worcestershire from the Bishop of Worcester.[3] Robert was still alive in 1098, as he restored some estates to Westminster Abbey,[3] but likely died shortly thereafter.[7] In Normandy, Robert was a benefactor to the Priory of St. Barbe-en-Auge, which had been founded by the Tancarville lords.[5] Despenser appears to have had no legitimate male children, as his heir was his brother Urse.[1] He may have had a daughter, as some of his lands were inherited by the Marmion family, but it is also possible that a daughter of Urse married into the Marmion family.[6] Despenser's office as steward may also have gone to Urse, as later the office passed to Urse's heirs. A later steward, Thurstin, might have been an illegitimate son of Despenser.[3] The medieval writer Orderic Vitalis states that it was Despenser who gave Ranulf Flambard his surname of Flambard, which means torch-bearer or incendiary. This was applied to Flambard because of his overwhelming personality.[2] Notes1. ^1 2 3 4 Keats-Rohan Domesday People p. 383 2. ^1 Mason William II p. 75 3. ^1 2 3 4 Barlow William Rufus pp. 141–142 4. ^Reaney and Wilson Oxford Dictionary of English Surnames p. 420 5. ^Newman Anglo-Norman Nobility p. 150 6. ^1 2 Round "Abetot, Urse d' (c.1040–1108)" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Citations{{reflist|colwidth=40em}}Sources{{refbegin}}
2 : Normans in England|Year of death uncertain |
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