| 词条 | Margaret, Duchess of Norfolk |
| 释义 |
| name = Margaret of Brotherton | image = | caption = | spouse = John Segrave, 4th Baron Segrave Sir Walter Mauny | issue = John de Segrave John de Segrave (again) Elizabeth de Segrave Margaret de Segrave Thomas Mauny Anne Mauny Isabel Mauny | father = Thomas of Brotherton | mother = Alice Halys | birth_date = c.1320 | birth_place = Framlingham Castle, Suffolk, England | death_date = {{Death date|1399|3|24|df=yes}} | death_place = | burial_place = Grey Friars, London }} Margaret of Norfolk or Margaret of Brotherton, in her own right Countess of Norfolk (sometimes surnamed as "Margaret Marshal";[1] {{circa|1320}}–24 March 1399), was the daughter and eventual sole heir of Thomas of Brotherton, eldest son of King Edward I of England, by his second marriage. In 1338, she succeeded to the earldom of Norfolk and the office of Earl Marshal. FamilyMargaret (b. about 1320), was the daughter of Thomas of Brotherton and Alice de Halys (d. in or before 1330). Her paternal grandparents were King Edward I and Margaret of France (1279?–1318), daughter of King Philippe III of France (d.1285).{{sfn|Waugh|2004}} Her maternal grandparents were Sir Roger de Halys of Hales Hall in Loddon, Roughton, Norfolk by his wife Alice.{{sfn|Richardson II|2011|p=631}}{{sfn|Archer II|2004}} She had a brother and sister:
LifeIn 1335 she was married to John Segrave, 4th Baron Segrave, and proceeded to have four children - two sons and two daughters - by him. In 1350, she sought a divorce on the ground that they had been contracted in marriage (in other words betrothed) before she was of marriageable age, and that she had never consented to cohabit with him. She made known her intention of traveling to the continent in order to plead personally with the Pope for a divorce. King Edward III prohibited her from leaving England, but she set off incognito anyway, having taken care to obtain a safe conduct from the King of France. The following year (1351) Edward III charged her with having crossed the English Channel in contravention of his prohibition.{{sfn|Richardson II|2011|pp=637-8}} The inquisition, regarding this incident, shows that Margaret unlawfully crossed the Channel and met with a servant of her future husband, Sir Walter de Mauny, who broke his lantern with his foot so she could pass unnoticed and acted as her guardian during her sojourn in France. This incident and the involvement of her future husband's retainer may indicate the real motivation for Margaret seeking a divorce. The divorce case was ultimately heard by the Pope's auditor, the Dean of St. Hilary's at Poitiers. However, Margaret's first husband died in 1353, before the divorce could be finalized. Shortly thereafter, and just before 30 May 1354, she married Sir Walter de Mauny without the King's licence. They were married 18 years, and had three children before he died at London on 8 or 13 January 1372.{{sfn|Richardson II|2011|p=638}} On 29 September 1397, Margaret was created Duchess of Norfolk for life.{{sfn|Richardson II|2011|p=638}}{{why|date=February 2017}} She died 24 March 1399, and was buried in the choir of Grey Friars in the City of London.{{sfn|Richardson II|2011|p=638}} The executors of her will are reported to be John Sileby & Walter fitz Piers, who in 1399 were reported to be attempting to recover money due to her estate.[2] ResidenceShe was most likely born at Framlingham Castle in Suffolk, England while her father Thomas de Brotherton was the 1st Earl of Norfolk. The castle had been given to her father by her uncle, King Edward II before her birth and so it was her childhood home. She inherited the castle herself on her father's death Marriages and issueMargaret married firstly, about 1335,{{sfn|Archer II|2004}} John Segrave, 4th Baron Segrave, by whom she had two sons and two daughters:{{sfn|Richardson II|2011|p=639}}
Shortly before 30 May 1354, Margaret married secondly, and without the King's licence, Sir Walter Mauny,{{sfn|Sumption|2004}} by whom she had a son and two daughters:{{sfn|Richardson II|2011|p=640}}
DistinctionAs her brother had died without issue, she succeeded to the earldom of Norfolk and the office of Earl Marshal at her father's death in 1338. To date, she is the only woman to have held the latter office. Fictional representationsMargaret is a character in Georgette Heyer's last novel My Lord John, where she is portrayed sympathetically as a kindly though outwardly formidable old lady. She is saddened by the death of so many of her children and grandchildren, in particular the death by drowning of her infant son Thomas Mauny. In her last years she is shown as being gravely concerned for the future of England, due to the misrule of her cousin King Richard II. Notes1. ^{{Cite ODNB|id=53070|title=Brotherton [Marshal], Margaret}} 2. ^Plea Rolls of the Court of Common Pleas. National Archives; CP 40/555; http://aalt.law.uh.edu/H4/CP40no555/bCP40no555dorses/IMG_0329.htm; first entry External links
References
14 : 1320 births|1399 deaths|House of Plantagenet|Earls of Norfolk (1312)|Dukes of Norfolk|Pre-1876 life peers|Hereditary women peers|Created suo jure peeresses|Earls Marshal|English duchesses|English countesses|14th-century English people|14th-century English women|Duchesses of Norfolk |
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