| 词条 | Robert Purvis (politician) |
| 释义 |
Sir Robert Purvis LL.D (1844 – 23 June 1920)[1] was an English barrister and Liberal Unionist politician. He sat in the House of Commons from 1895 to 1905 as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Peterborough. Early lifePurvis was the son of Joseph Purvis, from Hexham.[2] He was educated at Marlborough and at Downing College, Cambridge, where he graduated with a BA in 1880, an MA and LL.M in 1875, and as a Doctor of law (LL.D) in 1881.[3] CareerHe was called to the bar in 1873 at the Inner Temple,[4] and practised on the North Eastern Circuit.[5] At the 1885 general election he unsuccessfully contested the Abingdon division of Berkshire as a Liberal Party candidate.[5] When the Liberals split over Home Rule for Ireland, they took the Unionist side, and at the 1886 election he stood as a Liberal Unionist in Edinburgh South, but lost to Gladstone's ally and former minister, Hugh Childers, who had been defeated in his previous district the previous December.[6] {{Election box begin | title=General Election 1886: Edinburgh South}}{{Election box candidate with party link||party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = Hugh Childers |votes = 3,778 |percentage = |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Unionist Party |candidate = Robert Purvis |votes = 2,191 |percentage = |change = }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 1,587 |percentage = |change = }}{{election box end}} Purvis then contested the Peterborough by-election in October 1899, but lost to the Liberal candidate Alpheus Morton.[7][8] The election was fought largely on the issue of Home Rule, which Purvis asserted was opposed to the true principles of democracy, because if Ireland got Home Rule because its people wanted it, then they would also have to get separation if they demanded it.[9] (The report in The Times did not explain why Purvis considered separation to be opposed to democracy). He contested the seat again in 1892, cutting Morton's majority to 158 votes (4% of the total), down from 251 votes (7%)in 1889.[7] Purvis won Peterborough on his third attempt,[10] when he defeated Morton at the 1895 general election.[7][11] Morton had hoped to contest the seat again in 1900, but the local Liberals declined to nominate him again,[12] and Purvis was re-elected[13] with a reduced majority over the Liberal candidate Halley Stewart.[7] In 1903 he supported Joseph Chamberlain's policy of Imperial Preference,[14] a proposed system of reciprocally-levelled tariffs or free trade agreements between different Dominions and Colonies within the British Empire which had caused a division in Unionist ranks. He was knighted in 1905,[15] in the King's Birthday Honours,[16] but lost his seat at the 1906 general election to the Liberal Granville Greenwood, who won by a large majority of 1,159 votes (21% of the total).[7] Purvis continued as an active Liberal Unionist, and in December 1908 he was one of several speaker at a mass meeting on tariff reform held in Stamford.[17] He contested Peterborough again at the January 1910 general election, but even before Parliament was dissolved on 10 January,[18] The Times was pessimistic about his chances.[19] The Liberal majority in 1906 was "decisive", and Greenwood had the support of most of Peterborough's railway and engineering workers made up a large proportion of the electorate.[19] When the votes were counted, Greenwood had held the seat, although with a more modest majority of 43 votes (7%).[7] In 1914, he supported calls by Unionist MP Jesse Collings for tenant farmers to become owner-occupiers of their lands.[20] He saw it as an alternative to encouraging he emigration of young men to take up land grants in the colonies, and as a bulwark against radical Liberal proposals to nationalise the land. FamilyIn 1874 Purvis married Elizabeth Marion Peat, eldest daughter of William Henry Peat, a merchant from London.[4] References1. ^{{Rayment-hc|p|1|date=March 2012}} 2. ^{{cite news|url=http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itw/infomark/363/900/99952475w16/purl=rc1_TTDA_0_CS50514297&dyn=5!xrn_9_0_CS50514297_1?sw_aep=lancs |title= Biographies of Candidates |date= 25 November 1885 |work= The Times |page= 4, col B |accessdate= 17 December 2010 |location= London}} {{subscription}} 3. ^{{acad|id= PRVS866R |name=Purvis, Robert}} 4. ^1 {{cite book |title=Debrett's House of Commons and the Judicial Bench 1901 |url=https://archive.org/stream/debrettshouseo1901londuoft#page/125/mode/1up |year=1901 |publisher=Dean & Son |location=London |page=125}} 5. ^{{cite book |last=Craig |first=F. W. S. |authorlink= F. W. S. Craig |title=British parliamentary election results 1885–1918 |origyear=1974 |edition= 2nd |year=1989 |publisher= Parliamentary Research Services |location=Chichester |isbn= 0-900178-27-2 |page=221}} 6. ^Craig, page 485 7. ^1 2 3 4 5 Craig, page 169 8. ^[https://archive.org/details/constitutionaly07unkngoog The Constitutional Year Book], 1904, published by Conservative Central Office, page 172 (196 in web page) 9. ^{{cite news |title=Election Intelligence |date=21 September 1889 |work=The Times |page=6 |accessdate=17 December 2010 |location=London}} 10. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itw/infomark/363/900/99952475w16/purl=rc1_TTDA_0_CS50519282&dyn=14!nxt_20_0_CS50519282?sw_aep=lancs |title=New Members of Parliament |date=18 July 1895 |work=The Times |page=3 |accessdate=17 December 2010 |location=London}} {{subscription}} 11. ^{{London Gazette |issue= 26651 |date= 9 August 1895 |page=4484 }} 12. ^{{cite news |title = News in brief: Election Intelligence |date = 10 May 1900 |work = The Times |page = 12, col F |accessdate = 10 December 2010 |location = London}} 13. ^{{London Gazette |issue= 27244 |date= 6 November 1900 |page=6773 }} 14. ^{{cite news|url=http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itw/infomark/363/900/99952475w16/purl=rc1_TTDA_0_CS84471127&dyn=20!nxt_25_0_CS84471127?sw_aep=lancs |title=Fiscal Policy. Mr. Chamberlain. |date=23 October 1903 |work=The Times |page=5 |accessdate=17 December 2010 |location=London}} {{subscription}} 15. ^{{London Gazette |issue= 27865 |date= 19 December 1905 |page=9083 }} 16. ^{{cite news |url=http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itw/infomark/363/900/99952475w16/purl=rc1_TTDA_0_CS100856169&dyn=24!nxt_29_0_CS100856169?sw_aep=lancs |title=Birthday Honours |date=9 November 1905 |work=The Times |pages=6, col A |accessdate=17 December 2010 |location=London}} {{subscription}} 17. ^{{cite news |url=http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itw/infomark/363/900/99952475w16/purl=rc1_TTDA_0_CS67434380&dyn=34!nxt_39_0_CS67434380 |title=Mr. Chamberlain and the Government |date=12 December 1908 |work=The Times |page=4 |accessdate=17 December 2010 |location=London}} {{subscription}} 18. ^{{cite book |last1=Rallings |first1=Colin |last2=Thrasher |first2=Michael |title=British Electoral Facts |year=2006 |publisher=Total Politics |location=London |isbn=978-1-907278-03-7 |page=106}} 19. ^1 {{cite news |title=The Political Situation. Election Prospects.-Ix.*, The Midlands |date=30 December 1909 |work=The Times |page=4 |accessdate=17 December 2010 |location=London}} 20. ^{{cite news |url=http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itw/infomark/363/900/99952475w16/purl=rc1_TTDA_0_CS218694365&dyn=45!nxt_48_0_CS218694365 |title=The Attractions of Ownership. ROBERT PURVIS |date=29 June 1914 |work=The Times |page=13 |accessdate=17 December 2010}} {{subscription}} External links
| title = Member of Parliament for Peterborough | years = 1895 – 1906 }}{{s-aft | after = Granville Greenwood }}{{s-end}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Purvis, Robert}} 10 : 1844 births|1920 deaths|Liberal Unionist Party MPs for English constituencies|UK MPs 1895–1900|UK MPs 1900–06|People educated at Marlborough College|Alumni of Downing College, Cambridge|Members of the Inner Temple|Knights Bachelor|Politics of Peterborough |
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