| 词条 | R. O. B. Manley |
| 释义 |
| name = R. O. B. Manley | birth_name = Robert Orlando Beater Manley | image = | caption = | pseudonym = R.O.B. Manley | birth_date = 1888 | birth_place = | death_date = {{death year and age|1978|1888}} | death_place = | occupation = Bee Keeper, Inventor, author | nationality = English | period = | genre = | influences = | influenced = | signature = }}Robert "Bert" Orlando Beater Manley (1888–1978) was a British beekeeper, an authority on commercial honey farming and developer of the popular Manley moveable frame hives and frame systems.[1] AchievementsIn 1914 a parasite, Acarapis woodi that originated on the Isle of Wight extended over the UK devastating all the native bees and only the Apis mellifera carnica and Apis mellifera ligustica colonies survived. While Brother Adam travelled to Turkey to find substitutes for the native bees for the first Buckfast strain (a very productive bee resistant to the parasite), Manley began breeding Italian bees and the pair quickly became the most influential bee-keepers in Britain, with Brother Adam concentrating on a breeding programme and Manley developing modern commercial honey farming methods. In 1948 R.O.B. Manley became the first man to manage 1,000 colonies in England,[2] having kept bees through the fine summers of the 1920s and 1930s.( I believe A W Gale of Marlborough at his height in the 1940s ran 2000+ hives) As well as inventing the Manley frame system (still in common use today), R. O. B. Manley is the source of the practice of feeding sugar to bees in its modern form, stating that "all hives that have been to the moors should be fed 10lb sugar as a precaution against dysentery caused by long confinement during severe winters". This advice is not found in earlier publications (A. Pettigrew 1870,[3] Rev Thomas WM Cowan 1881[4]). Manley adds that while heather honey was not suitable as winter food during periods of confinement, he 'knew of nothing better to encourage a rapid spring build-up'. ThymolR. O. B Manley propagated the idea of using thymol in syrup intended for winter feeding to prevent fermentation and the growth of mould. Manley's thymol recipe has also proven useful in controlling Varroa mites.[5] Manley's recipe has become a standard and even if the requirement is for a stronger solution, this is often specified as '3x Manley strength' or '4x Manley strength'.[6] His original recipe was one ounce of thymol crystals dissolved in five fluid ounces of surgical spirit to make the stock solution. Then half a fluid ounce of this mixture was added to 1 Cwt (112 lbs) of sugar, which he dissolved in 7 imperial gallons (8.75 US Gal.) of water for direct use as winter feed.[7] OtherDespite being one of the most revered commercial beekeepers in Europe, R. O. B. Manley did not actually enjoy the taste of honey. Faced with the problem of drips of honey running down the sides of jars, the 'production line' featured an ordinary vacuum cleaner to 'suck' the last drops away. Rumour has it that this was the domestic vacuum cleaner from the house and that Mrs Manley was entirely opposed to this, but this rumour appears to have been started by R. O. B. Manley himself, so may lack veracity and is included here rather more to provide an insight into the dry wit of this man. Bibliography
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.startbeekeeping.net/general/movable-frame-hives|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116101725/http://www.startbeekeeping.net/general/movable-frame-hives|dead-url=yes|archive-date=16 November 2016|title=Movable frame hives|date=5 April 2009|accessdate=1 May 2009|publisher=startbeekeeping.net}} {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Manley, R. O. B.}}2. ^{{cite book | last1 = Ruttner | first1 = Friedrich | last2 = Milner | first2 = Eric | last3 = Dews | first3 = John | title = The Dark European Honey Bee | publisher = WritersPrintshop | year = 2004 | isbn = 978-1-904623-17-5 }} 3. ^{{cite book | last = Pettigrew | first = A | title = A. Pettigrew's "The Handy Book of Bees: Being A Practical Treatise On Their Profitable Management" | publisher = William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London. | year = 1870 | isbn = 1-4326-6497-2 }} 4. ^{{cite book | last = Cowan | first = Thomas | title = 9 vols. Cowan, Thos. Wm.: British Bee-Keepers Guide Book. London, (1881) | publisher = William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London. | year = 1881 }} 5. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4780034.stm|title=Almond farmers seek healthy bees|publisher=BBC News Website|author=Mark Ward | date=8 March 2006}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dave-cushman.net/bee/thymolx1.html|title=Thymol Crystals, Usage in beekeeping|date=10 June 2006|accessdate=1 May 2009|publisher=dave-cushman.net}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.scientificbeekeeping.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=56|title=The "Nosema Twins" – Part 5 Alternative Treatments |accessdate=1 May 2009|publisher=scientificbeekeeping.com|author=Randy Oliver}} 8. ^{{cite book | last = Manley | first = R. O. B. | title = Honey Production in the British Isles | publisher = Bradley and sons | year = 1936 | asin = B00087UMBW | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=_pkzngEACAAJ }} 9. ^{{cite book | last = Manley | first = R. O. B. | title = Honey Farming | publisher = Faber & Faber Ltd | year = 1946 | id = ASIN [https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B0016JL8Z0 B0016JL8Z0] (UK) }} 10. ^{{cite book | last = Manley | first = R. O. B. | title = Bee-Keeping in Britain | publisher = Faber & Faber Ltd | year = 1948 | asin = B000XZWEDI }} 11. ^{{cite book | last1 = Digges | first1 = J.G. | last2 = Manley | first2 = R. O. B. | title = The Practical Bee Guide – a Manual of Modern Beekeeping | publisher = Talbot Press; fifteenth edition (1949) | year = 1949 | id = ASIN [https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B001NGWVMA B001NGWVMA] (UK) }} 4 : 1888 births|1978 deaths|British beekeepers|British nature writers |
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