| 词条 | Margrethe Vestager |
| 释义 |
|name = Margrethe Vestager |image = Conversation with Margrethe Vestager, European Commissioner for Competition (17222242662).jpg |office = European Commissioner for Competition |president = Jean-Claude Juncker |term_start = 1 November 2014 |term_end = |predecessor = Joaquín Almunia |successor = |office1 = Deputy Prime Minister of Denmark |primeminister1 = Helle Thorning-Schmidt |term_start1 = 3 October 2011 |term_end1 = 2 September 2014 |predecessor1 = Lars Barfoed |successor1 = Morten Østergaard |office2 = Minister of the Economy and Interior |primeminister2 = Helle Thorning-Schmidt |term_start2 = 3 October 2011 |term_end2 = 2 September 2014 |predecessor2 = Brian Mikkelsen {{small|(Economy)}} Bertel Haarder {{small|(Interior)}} |successor2 = Morten Østergaard |office3 = Leader of the Social Liberal Party |term_start3 = 15 June 2007 |term_end3 = 2 September 2014 |predecessor3 = Marianne Jelved |successor3 = Morten Østergaard |office4 = Minister of Education |primeminister4 = Poul Nyrup Rasmussen |term_start4 = 23 March 1998 |term_end4 = 27 November 2001 |predecessor4 = Ole Vig Jensen |successor4 = Ulla Tørnæs |office5 = Minister of Ecclesiastical Affairs |primeminister5 = Poul Nyrup Rasmussen |term_start5 = 23 March 1998 |term_end5 = 21 December 2000 |predecessor5 = Ole Vig Jensen |successor5 = Johannes Lebech |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1968|4|13|df=y}} |birth_place = Glostrup, Denmark |death_date = |death_place = |spouse = {{marriage|Thomas Jensen|1994}} |children = 3 |party = Social Liberal Party |alma_mater = University of Copenhagen }}Margrethe Vestager ({{IPA-da|mɑgʁæːˀdə ˈvɛsdæːˀɐ}}; born 13 April 1968) is a Danish politician serving as the European Commissioner for Competition since 2014. She previously served as a member of the Folketing from 20 November 2001 until 2 September 2014, representing the Danish Social Liberal Party ({{lang|da|Radikale Venstre}}). She was the political leader of her party from 2007 to 2014, and served as Minister of Economic Affairs and the Interior from 2011 to 2014. She has been described as "the rich world’s most powerful trustbuster."[1] Early life and educationVestager was born in Glostrup, Zealand, a daughter of Lutheran ministers Hans Vestager and Bodil Tybjerg.[1][2] She matriculated from Varde Upper Secondary school in 1986. She studied at the University of Copenhagen, graduating in 1993 with a degree in Economics.[3] Vestager speaks Danish, English and some French.[4] Political careerVestager has been a professional politician since the age of 21, when she was appointed to the central board and executive committee of the SLP and its European Affairs Committee, and shortly afterwards as National Chairwoman of the Party.{{cn|date=February 2018}} In 2001, Vestager was elected to the Danish Parliament, becoming Chairwoman of its Parliamentary Group in 2007. She was appointed Minister of Education and Ecclesiastical Affairs in 1998.{{cn|date=February 2018}} On June 15, 2007, Vestager secured election as her Party's parliamentary group leader in the Folketing, replacing Marianne Jelved.[5] When Denmark's Prime Minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen called an early election in 2011 after failing to secure majority lawmaker backing for his economic stimulus package, Vestager's Social Liberals and the Conservative People's Party formed a political alliance, pledging to work together no matter which political bloc would win the election.[6] Minister for Economic and Interior Affairs of Denmark, 2011-2014From 2011 until 2014 Vestager served as Minister for Economic and Interior Affairs in the three-party Social Democrat-led coalition government of Helle Thorning-Schmidt. Having forced through deep cuts in unemployment benefits of Denmark's generous social welfare system after the country's economy narrowly escaped recession in 2012,[7] she was at one point considered by Danish media and pollsters as the most powerful person in government, even above Thorning-Schmidt.[8] In her time in office, chaired the meetings of economic and finance ministers of the European Union (ECOFIN) during Denmark's presidency of the Council of Ministers in 2012.[9] In this capacity, she announced that the European Union would cede two of its seats on the board of the International Monetary Fund to emerging economies under a new power-sharing scheme for international financial institutions.[10] She also worked closely with Jean-Claude Juncker to salvage Europe's financial sector and forge a European Banking Union.[11] Between 2011 and 2014, Vestager led Denmark's campaign against Basel III liquidity rules, arguing in favor of allowing banks to use 75 percent more in covered bonds to fill liquidity buffers than allowed under Basel III rules; at the time Denmark's $550 billion mortgage-backed covered bond market, part of the country's two-century-old mortgage system,[12] was the world's largest per capita.[13] In 2013 she ruled out slowing down steps toward stricter requirements for systemically important lenders and reiterated her stance that banks won’t get tax breaks to help them through the transition caused by regulatory reform.[14] In May 2014, Vestager presented a growth package designed to drag Denmark's economy – at the time Scandinavia's weakest – out of its crisis, raising the country's structural output by 6 billion kroner ($1.1 billion) and cut costs for companies by 4 billion kroner in 2020 through 89 measures to improve the business climate and boost employment.[15] European Commissioner for Competition, 2014–presentOn 31 August 2014, Prime Minister Thorning-Schmidt nominated Vestager as Denmark's EU Commissioner in the Juncker Commission.[16] Despite her repeated denials of campaigning for the Environment portfolio,[17][18] eventually she was designated the Competition dossier in the Juncker Commission.[19] On 3 October 2014, she won the European Parliament's backing following her confirmation hearing.[20][21] In her confirmation hearings, Vestager said she favored settlement of cases before they come to a final executive judgment, for reduced fines or negotiated concessions from the companies.[22] Like her predecessor, Joaquín Almunia, Vestager has since been focusing on state aid cases.[2] Within a few months in the office, she brought antitrust charges against Google; Almunia had initially opened the investigation into Google in 2010, and had reached a settlement deal with Google by 2014 but was unable to convince the European Commission to accept it before his term ended. Vestager inherited Almunia's case but has shown greater desire to continue pursuing Google/Alphabet over the alleged antitrust violations.[3] Also, she initiated investigations into the tax affairs of Fiat, Starbucks, Amazon.com and Apple Inc. under competition rules.[4] In 2014, she launched proceedings against Gazprom, one of Europe's main gas suppliers, over allegations of breaching EU antitrust rules by putting in place artificial barriers to trade with eight European countries: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and Bulgaria.[5] In January 2015, Vestager ordered Cyprus Airways to pay back over 65 million euros in illegal state aid received in 2012 and 2013 as part of a restructuring package; as a consequence, Cyprus suspended operations at its flag carrier resulting in 550 job losses and reduced competition.[23][24] In August 2016, after a two–year investigation, Vestager announced Apple Inc. received illegal tax benefits from Ireland. The Commission ordered Apple to pay a fine of €13 billion, plus interest, in unpaid Irish taxes for 2004–2014;[25] the largest tax fine in history.[26] As a result of the EU investigation, Apple agreed to re-structure out of its 2004–2014 Irish BEPS tool, the Double Irish in Q1 2015; Apple's replacement Irish BEPS tool, the CAIA arrangement caused Irish 2015 GDP to rise by 34.4 per cent, and was labelled Leprechaun economics by Nobel Prize-winning economist, Paul Krugman in July 2016. In July 2017, a fine of $2.7 billion against Alphabet (formerly Google) was levied based on the European Commission claim that Google breached antitrust rules. This fine was later appealed.[27] In October 2017, Vestager ordered Amazon to pay €250 million of back taxes,[28] and in January 2018, the EU Commission fined Qualcomm €997 million for allegedly abusing its market dominance on LTE baseband chipsets.[29] In July 2018, she fined Alphabet (Google) €4.3 billion for entrenching its dominance in internet search by illegally tying together their service and other mobile apps with Android. On January 22, 2019, she fined Mastercard €570 million for preventing European retailers from shopping around for better payment terms.[30] Other activitiesCorporate boards
Non-profit organizations
Recognition
Political positionsIn 2013, Vestager held that “[in] our experience it’s impossible to pursue Danish interests without being close to the core of Europe. You don’t have influence or produce results if you’re standing on the sideline.”[35] Personal lifeVestager's husband is a gymnasium maths-and-philosophy teacher. They have three daughters, Maria, Rebecca, and Ella. Her eldest daughter is preparing for medical university 2016 entry. Vestager served as an inspiration for the main character in Borgen, who tries to juggle family life and politics.[4] See also
References1. ^1 {{cite news|author=|title=Is Margrethe Vestager championing consumers or her political career|url=https://www.economist.com/news/business/21728979-she-rich-worlds-most-powerful-trustbuster-margrethe-vestager-championing-consumers-or|work=The Economist|date=14 September 2017}} 2. ^1 Margrethe Vestager {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140910023725/http://www.ft.dk/~/media/CV/Pdfdoc/pdfDocuments/RVMAVE_en%20pdf.ashx |date=2014-09-10 }} Folketinget. 3. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=Camesasca|first1=Peter|last2=Cole|first2=Miranda|last3=Geradin|first3=Damien|last4=Ysewyn|first4=Johan|title=New EU Competition Commissioner--Margrethe Vestager|journal=The National Law Review|date=10 September 2014|url=http://www.natlawreview.com/article/new-eu-competition-commissioner-margrethe-vestager|accessdate=15 September 2014|publisher=Covington & Burling LLP}} 4. ^1 2 Danny Hakim (April 15, 2015), [https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/16/business/international/margrethe-vestager-the-danish-politician-who-brought-antitrust-charges-against-google.html The Danish Politician Who Accused Google of Antitrust Violations] New York Times. 5. ^1 Vestager, Margrethe. 6. ^Josiane Kremer (August 28, 2011), [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2011-08-28/danish-conservatives-social-liberals-form-pact-berlingske-says Danish Conservatives, Social Liberals Form Pact, Berlingske Says] Bloomberg Business. 7. ^Mette Fraende and Erik Matzen (December 13, 2012), [https://www.reuters.com/article/2012/12/13/denmark-economy-idUSL5E8ND35G20121213 Denmark sees painful recovery as economy stalls] Reuters. 8. ^Foo Yun Chee and Julia Fioretti (September 10, 2014), [https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/09/10/eu-commisssion-competition-telecoms-idUSL5N0RB25420140910 Danish reformer gets EU antitrust stick; German to police the Internet] Reuters. 9. ^Cynthia Kroet (August 31, 2014), Denmark nominates Vestager as European commissioner European Voice. 10. ^[https://www.reuters.com/article/2012/04/20/eu-imf-seats-idUSB5E7N501C20120420 EU to cut IMF board seats in autumn- EU's Vestager] Reuters, April 20, 2012. 11. ^Gaspard Sebag, Peter Levring and Aoife White (September 10, 2014), [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-09-10/denmark-s-vestager-to-take-over-from-eu-antitrust-chief-almunia Denmark’s Vestager to Replace EU Antitrust Chief Almunia] Bloomberg News. 12. ^Frances Schwartzkopff (December 6, 2013), [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-12-05/soros-venture-urges-denmark-to-ignore-covered-bond-plan-from-eba Soros Venture Urges Denmark to Ignore EBA Covered Bond Plan] Bloomberg Business. 13. ^Frances Schwartzkopff, Jim Brunsden and Peter Levring (June 13, 2014), [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-06-12/eu-commission-document-backs-danish-statements-on-covered-bonds Basel’s Liquidity Rules Ignored as EU Sides With Denmark] Bloomberg Business. 14. ^Peter Levring (May 28, 2013), [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-05-27/banks-rebuked-for-spin-tactics-as-denmark-rejects-capital-pleas Banks Rebuked for Spin Tactics as Denmark Slams Sifi Pleas] Bloomberg Business. 15. ^Peter Levring (May 8, 2014), [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-05-07/denmark-set-to-unveil-growth-plan-to-drag-economy-out-of-crisis Danish Government Unveils Plan to Help Economy Exit Crisis] Bloomberg Business. 16. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.dr.dk/Nyheder/Politik/2014/08/31/003912.htm|title=Vestager træder ud af regeringen og bliver EU-kommissær|publisher=Danmarks Radio|date=31 August 2014 |language=Danish}} 17. ^{{cite web|title=EXCLUSIVE: The Juncker team revealed|url=http://www.euractiv.com/sections/eu-priorities-2020/exclusive-juncker-team-revealed-308203|accessdate=4 September 2014}} 18. ^{{cite web|title=Vestager afviser rygter: Jeg skal ikke være miljøkommissær|url=http://ekstrabladet.dk/nyheder/politik/article5002361.ece|accessdate=4 September 2014}} 19. ^{{cite web|title=The new structure of the Juncker Commission|url=http://ec.europa.eu/about/juncker-commission/structure/index_en.htm|accessdate=10 September 2014}} 20. ^Robin Emmott (October 3, 2014), [https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/10/03/eu-commission-competition-idUSL6N0RY0TD20141003 Denmark's Vestager wins backing as new EU antitrust head] Reuters. 21. ^Paul Taylor (October 5, 2014), [https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/10/05/us-eu-commission-analysis-idUSKCN0HU05020141005 Juncker's team likely to survive EU power struggle] Reuters. 22. ^Foo Yun Chee and Alastair Macdonald (September 23, 2014), [https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/09/23/us-eu-antitrust-vestager-idUSKCN0HI26L20140923 New EU antitrust head not swayed by anti-Americanism, bullies] Reuters. 23. ^Foo Yun Chee and Alastair Macdonald (January 9, 2015), [https://www.reuters.com/article/2015/01/09/us-cyprus-airlines-suspension-idUSKBN0KI1R920150109 Cyprus Airways closed down after EU state aid ruling] Reuters. 24. ^Times of Malta (January 10, 2015), Cyprus Airways closed down after EU state aid ruling Times of Malta. 25. ^{{Cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/competition/state_aid/cases/253200/253200_1851004_674_2.pdf#page=24|title=EU Commission Decision on State Aid by Ireland to Apple|date=30 August 2016|website=Apple (Ireland)|publisher=|access-date=2016-11-14}} 26. ^{{Cite web|url=http://time.com/4472500/apple-eu-irish-tax-bill/|title=Apple vs. the E.U. Is the Biggest Tax Battle in History|last=Foroohar|first=Rana|date=August 30, 2016|website=TIME.com|publisher=|access-date=2016-11-14}} 27. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2017/06/27/European-Commission-fines-Google-27B-in-antitrust-ruling/4601498561718/|title=European Commission fines Google $2.7B in antitrust ruling|publisher=}} 28. ^{{cite news|author=|title=After a bite of Apple, Margrethe Vestager targets another tech giant|url=https://www.economist.com/news/business-and-finance/21729965-luxembourgs-comfort-letter-amazon-was-illegal-says-eu-after-bite-apple-margrethe|work=The Economist|date=4 October 2017}} 29. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/jan/24/qualcomm-fined-997m-by-eu-for-paying-apple-to-exclusively-use-its-chips|title=Qualcomm fined €997m by EU for paying Apple to exclusively use its chips|last=Gibbs|first=Samuel|date=24 January 2018|work=The Guardian|accessdate=11 February 2018}} 30. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/eu-fines-mastercard-more-than-half-a-billion-euros/a-47179421|title=EU Fines MasterCard More Than Half a Billion Euros}} 31. ^1 2 3 4 Margrethe Vestager: Declaration of interests {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418194346/http://ec.europa.eu/commission/sites/cwt/files/commissioner_declarations/vestager-doi_en.pdf |date=2015-04-18 }} European Commission. 32. ^Margarethe Vestager: Declaration of interests {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418194346/http://ec.europa.eu/commission/sites/cwt/files/commissioner_declarations/vestager-doi_en.pdf |date=2015-04-18 }} European Commission. 33. ^Members European Council on Foreign Relations. 34. ^{{cite web|url=https://nieuws.kuleuven.be/en/content/2017/patronsaintsday2017-interviews-honorary-doctors|title=Patron Saint's Day 2017: interviews with the new honorary doctors|publisher=}} 35. ^Peter Levring (January 23, 2013), [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-01-23/u-k-must-walk-path-alone-on-eu-vote-denmark-says U.K. Must ‘Walk Path Alone’ on EU Vote, Denmark Says] Bloomberg Business. External links{{Commons category}}
|-{{s-bef|rows=2|before=Marianne Jelved}}{{s-ttl|title=Leader of the Social Liberal Party in the Folketing|years=2007–2011}}{{s-aft|after=Marianne Jelved}} |-{{s-ttl|title=Leader of the Social Liberal Party|years=2007–2014}}{{s-aft|after=Morten Østergaard}} |-{{s-off}}{{s-bef|rows=2|before=Ole Vig Jensen}}{{s-ttl|title=Minister of Ecclesiastical Affairs|years=1998–2000}}{{s-aft|after=Johannes Lebech}} |-{{s-ttl|title=Minister of Education|years=1998–2001}}{{s-aft|after=Ulla Tørnæs}} |-{{s-bef|before=Lars Barfoed}}{{s-ttl|title=Deputy Prime Minister of Denmark|years=2011–2014}}{{s-aft|rows=3|after=Morten Østergaard}} |-{{s-bef|before=Brian Mikkelsen|as=Minister of the Economy}}{{s-ttl|rows=2|title=Minister of the Economy and Interior|years=2011–2014}} |-{{s-bef|before=Bertel Haarder|as=Minister of the Interior}} |-{{s-bef|before=Connie Hedegaard}}{{s-ttl|title=Danish European Commissioner|years=2014–present}}{{s-inc|rows=2}} |-{{s-bef|before=Joaquín Almunia}}{{s-ttl|title=European Commissioner for Competition|years=2014–present}}{{s-end}}{{Danish parliamentary election, 2007 navigation}}{{Juncker Commission}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Vestager, Margrethe}} 16 : 1968 births|Living people|Danish Education Ministers|Danish European Commissioners|Danish feminists|Danish Ministers for Ecclesiastical Affairs|Danish Social Liberal Party politicians|Danish socialists|Members of the Folketing|People from Glostrup Municipality|Women European Commissioners|21st-century Danish politicians|21st-century women politicians|Female interior ministers|Women members of the Folketing|Women government ministers of Denmark |
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