词条 | Rocket mass heater |
释义 |
A rocket mass heater (also termed rocket stove mass heater) is a space heating system developed from the rocket stove, a type of efficient wood-burning stove, and the masonry heater. Its fundamental characteristics are an insulated combustion chamber where fuel (generally wood) is burned with high efficiency at extremely high temperatures, and a large thermal mass in contact with the exhaust gases which absorbs most of the generated heat before the gases are released to the atmosphere.[1] According to various reports a rocket mass heater can reduce fuel consumption by 80 - 90% compared to "conventional" stoves.{{Citation needed|date=December 2018}} An internal vertical insulated chimney, the combustion chamber, ensures an efficient high-temperature burn and creates enough draft to push exhaust gases through the rest of the system. Flue gases are cooled to a relatively low temperature within the thermal store, approximately 50 °C (122 °F), and in some designs steam within these gases condenses into liquid, releasing the associated latent heat of condensation which further increases the efficiency in the manner of a condensing (gas) boiler.[2] HistoryThe rocket (cooking) stove was developed by the Aprovecho Institute, and described in 1982.[3] A rocket stove is a cooking appliance optimized to provide relatively high heat utilization and low emissions. Ianto Evans of the Cob Cottage Company published his how-to book 'Rocket Mass Heaters' in 2006; however, the first prototype was built in the 1980s.[4] Although in some sense simply a variation on a masonry heater, most rocket mass heaters are distinct in producing immediate radiant heat (from the metal "burn" barrel), in being constructed of much cheaper materials (usually a cob mass, 55 gallon steel drum, and small brick firebox), and in requiring less robust a base to be constructed on, since a rocket mass heater's weight is distributed over a larger area. Moreover, masonry heaters have been used since pre-historic times and have evolved into various designs in Europe, Russia, and China. The key principle is the incorporation of a large thermal mass built of masonry which absorbs heat from exhausting combustion products directed in a sinuous path through channels embedded in the masonry.[5]DesignsIn the earliest and most popular form, wood is gravity-fed into a "J-shaped" combustion chamber, from where the hot gases enter a heavily insulated fire-brick or ceramic refractory vertical secondary combustion chamber, the exhaust from which then passes along horizontal metal ducting embedded within a massive cob thermal store. The thermal store is large enough to retain heat for many hours and may form part of the structure of the building. They have proved to be popular with natural buildings and within permaculture designs; they are normally self-built and are not yet recognized by all building codes which regulate the design and construction of heating systems within buildings. More recent alternate developments have instituted a batch-fed horizontal firebox which feeds into the vertical heat riser or secondary combustion chamber. This type is termed the "batch box rocket" and is described on Peter van den Berg's website. Also, the horizontal duct flow through the mass may be replaced by a massive "bell" of larger cross section where the hot gases slow and stratify and the cooled gases exit near the bottom as in some masonry heaters. These developments may be used in different combinations in specific instances. ComponentsThis section describes the components of a J-style RMH. Combustion unitThe fuel feed receives fuel vertically.[6] Heat exchange massThe thermal mass which encloses the exhaust duct and absorbs heat from the hot combustion gases is normally made of “cob,” which is a clay and sand mixture reinforced with straw. The thermal mass is often sculpted into a bench which becomes an integral architectural feature of the home, radiating thermal energy into the space for more than 24 hours after the wood fuel is exhausted.[5] Issues
See also{{portal|Sustainable development}}
Notes1. ^Evans & Jackson, Rocket Mass Heaters, pp. 5, 20 2. ^Wheaton, "rocket stove mass heater" 3. ^Aprovecho, "Whole stoves" 4. ^Evans & Jackson, Rocket Mass Heaters, p. 12 5. ^1 {{Cite journal|date=2016-01-25|title=A computational model for a rocket mass heater|journal=Applied Thermal Engineering|language=en|volume=93|pages=763–778|doi=10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.10.035|issn=1359-4311|last1=Schumack|first1=Mark}} 6. ^Wisner & Wisner, The rocket mass heater builder's guide, p2 7. ^Evans & Jackson, Rocket Mass Heaters, p. 93 References
External links{{commonscat}}
2 : Cooking appliances|Residential heating appliances |
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