| 词条 | Mariana fruit bat |
| 释义 |
| name = Mariana fruit bat | image = Mariana Fruit Bat.jpg | status = EN | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | genus = Pteropus | species = mariannus | authority = Desmarest, 1822 | range_map = Mariana Fruit Bat area.png | range_map_caption = Mariana fruit bat range | synonyms = Pteropus keraudren Quoy & Gaimard, 1824 }} The Mariana fruit bat (Pteropus mariannus), also known as the Mariana flying fox, and the fanihi in Chamorro, is a megabat found only in the Northern Mariana Islands and Ulithi (an atoll in the Caroline Islands).[2] Habitat loss has driven it to endangered status, and it is listed as threatened by the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Poachers and food hunters, other animals, and natural causes have led to the decline. DescriptionThe Mariana fruit bat is a mid-sized bat which weighs {{convert|0.6|to|1.1|lb|g|abbr=on}}, and has a forearm length of 5.3 to 6.1 in (13.4 to 15.6 cm). Males of the species are slightly larger in size than the females. Their abdomens are colored from black to brown, while also having gray hairs. The mantle and the neck are a brighter brown to golden brown color and the head varies from brown to black. Their ears are rounded and their eyes large, giving them the features of a canid, so many megabats are called flying foxes.[3] ThreatsThe bat is considered a culinary delicacy by Chamorros. Eating fruit bats is linked to a neurological disease called lytico-bodig disease. Paul Alan Cox from the Hawaiian National Tropical Botanical Garden in Kalaheo, and Oliver Sacks from Albert Einstein College in New York, found the bats consumed large quantities of cycad seeds, and - like some eagles, which were shown to build up levels of the pesticide DDT in fat tissue - probably accumulate the toxins to dangerous levels.[4] ConservationIn 2001, the population was estimated to number between 300 and 400 bats on Sarigan.[5] The current population numbers are unknown, but one known concentration is on Ritidian Point in Guam.[6] In 2013, Bat Conservation International listed this species as one of the 35 species of its worldwide priority list of conservation.[7] BehaviorJohnson and Wiles described roosting behavior: "Sarigan's population differs from those of larger islands in the archipelago by usually having smaller roost sizes, typically 3–75 bats, and large numbers of solitary bats that at times comprise up to half of the population. Colonies and smaller aggregations were composed primarily of harems with multiple females, whereas a nearly equal sex ratio occurred among solitary animals."[5] SubspeciesPteropus mariannus has three subspecies:[2]
See also
References1. ^{{Cite journal | author = Allison, A. | author2 = Bonaccorso, F. | author3 = Helgen, K. | author4 = James, R. | last-author-amp = yes | title = Pteropus mariannus | journal = The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | volume = 2008 | page = e.T18737A8516291 | publisher = IUCN | date = 2008 | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/18737/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T18737A8516291.en | access-date = 15 January 2018}} 2. ^1 {{MSW3 Chiroptera | id = 13800326 | page = 340}} 3. ^"Mariana fruit Bat (=Mariana flying fox) (Pteropus mariannus mariannus)" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226012406/http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesProfile/SpeciesReport.do?spcode=A07X |date=2009-02-26 }}, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Environmental Conservation Online System 4. ^"Bat-Eating Linked to Neurological Illness", National Geographic, June 13, 2003 5. ^1 {{cite journal |url= |last1= Johnson |first1= Nathan C. |last2= Wiles |first2= Gary J. |title= Population size and natural history of Mariana fruit bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) on Sarigan, Mariana Islands |journal= Pacific Science |location= Honolulu |publisher= University of Hawaii Press |volume= 58 |issue= 4 |date= October 2004 |page= 585 |doi=10.1353/psc.2004.0044}} 6. ^{{cite journal | last = Maxfield| first = Barbara | title = Guam National Wildlife Refuge Draft Comprehensive Conservation Plan Released for Public Review and Comment | publisher = US Fish and Wildlife Service | date = 2009-07-22 | url = http://www.fws.gov/pacific/planning/main/docs/HI-PI/Guam/DCCP%20Press%20Release.pdf | accessdate = 2012-02-21}} 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.batcon.org/images/stories/annualreports/AnnualReport2014.pdf |title=Annual Report 2013-2014 |author= |date=August 2014 |website=batcon.org |publisher=Bat Conservation International |access-date=May 1, 2017}} External links{{Commons category|Pteropus mariannus}}
7 : Pteropus|Bats of Oceania|Fauna of Guam|Fauna of the Northern Mariana Islands|Mammals described in 1822|Endangered fauna of Oceania|ESA threatened species |
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