“Marianna, Arkansas”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Marianna is a city in and the county seat of Lee County, Arkansas, United States.^[3] Located along the L'Anguille River in the Arkansas Delta just north of the St. Francis National Forest, the community was known as Walnut Ridge until 1852 when it became known as Marianna. The city's economy has historically been based on agricultural, especially cotton production. The city is located along Crowley's Ridge Parkway and the Great River Road, both National Scenic Byways showcasing Crowley's Ridge and the Mississippi River.

History

The community was established by Col. Walter H. Otey in 1848, and was known as Walnut Ridge until 1852.

Geography

Marianna is located in the center of the county at the northwest tip of St. Francis National Forest.

The city lies along the west side of the L'Anguille River two miles west of that stream's confluence with the St. Francis River within a break in elevation of Crowley's Ridge.^[4]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of {{convert|3.6|sqmi|km2}}, all land. The town's current mayor is Hon. Mayor Jimmy Williams who took office on January 1, 2011.

Demographics

As of the census^[7] of 2010, there were 4,115 people, 1,664 households, and 1,068 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,440.0 people per square mile (555.7/km²). There were 2,196 housing units at an average density of 610.4 per square mile (235.5/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 20.9% White, 76.6% Black or African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.8% Asian, 0.0% from other races, and 1.3% from two or more races. 0.7% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 1,664 households out of which 27.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 27.8% were married couples living together, 31.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.8% were non-families. 32.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 3.10.

In the city, the population was spread out with 34.4% under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 22.0% from 25 to 44, 19.4% from 45 to 64, and 14.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 77.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 70.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $16,351, and the median income for a family was $29,624. Males had a median income of $28,542 versus $19,045 for females. The per capita income for the city was $10,253. About 32.8% of families and 37.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 46.2% of those under age 18 and 33.1% of those age 65 or over.

Education

As of 2011, there are five schools in Marianna, two of which are private. The public schools in Lee County School District are Lee High School, Anna Strong Middle School, and Whitten Elementary School.

Earthquake fault

On January 21, 2009, the director of the Arkansas Earthquake Center at the University of Arkansas announced the discovery of a major fault line near Marianna which could generate a 7.0 earthquake in the future. The fault is close to, but appears to be separate from, the nearby New Madrid Seismic Zone.^[8]

Infrastructure

Utilities

The Marianna Water and Sewer Commission directs the Marianna Water Department, which treats and distributes potable water to the residents and commercial users of the city. The Department also owns and operates a wastewater collection system, which collects wastewater from over 4,000 service connections and uses a series of laterals, interceptors and five lift stations to gravity flow wastewater to the Marianna Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP).^[9] At the WWTP, two lagoons are used to treats wastewater and discharge treated effluent to the L'Anguille River in accordance with the city's NPDES permit administered by the Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality.

The Lee County Water Association provides water to rural areas surrounding the city.

Notable people

References

1. ^¹²{{GNIS|58123}}
2. ^{{cite web|title=2017 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2017_Gazetteer/2017_gaz_place_05.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=Aug 22, 2018}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|accessdate=2011-06-07|title=Find a County|publisher=National Association of Counties}}
4. ^Marianna, AR, 7.5 Minute Topographic Quadrangle, USGS, 1984 (1993 rev.)
5. ^¹{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2017.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|accessdate=March 24, 2018}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2015}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=American FactFinder}}
8. ^[https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20090122/ap_on_re_us/arkansas_earthquakes "Scientist Says Ark. Fault Could Generate 7 Temblor", Associated Press via Yahoo News (January 22, 2009)]
9. ^{{ cite web |title= Correspondence from ADEQ to Alton Yancey, Manager of Marianna Water and Sewer Commission |last= Henderson |first= Steven L. |date= August 9, 2011 |url= http://www.adeq.state.ar.us/ftproot/Pub/WebDatabases/InspectionsOnline/060516-insp.pdf |publisher= Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ) |accessdate= August 10, 2014 }}